PHP官方手册：全面指南与安装教程

官方参考手册

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PHP官方参考手册是PHP语言开发者的权威指南，由Mehdi Achour、Friedhelm Betz等多位专家编撰，自2009年发布以来，持续更新维护，旨在提供全面深入的PHP语言知识。手册分为多个部分，涵盖了PHP的基础到高级特性，包括但不限于： 1. **版权信息**：手册的版权属于2009年的某个公司，并明确指出由Philipp Olson编辑，PHPDocumentationGroup负责1997年至2009年的文档工作。 2. **概述与入门**： - **Getting Started** 部分引导读者快速上手PHP，可能包含安装步骤和环境配置建议。 - **Introduction** 提供了对PHP语言的简单介绍，帮助新手理解其基本概念和用途。 3. **安装与配置**： - **General Installation Considerations** 讨论通用的安装注意事项。 - **Unix, MacOSX, Windows** 分别针对不同操作系统提供了详细的安装指南，强调了跨平台兼容性。 - **PECL Extensions** 介绍了如何安装和管理PHP扩展库，这些扩展功能可增强PHP的功能。 4. **运行时与配置**： - **Runtime Configuration** 涉及如何调整PHP的运行时设置，如错误处理、性能优化等。 5. **语言基础**： - **Basicsyntax** 明确了PHP的基本语法结构。 - **Types** 讨论了PHP中的数据类型，如整数、浮点数、字符串、数组等。 - **Variables** 和 **Constants** 介绍了变量的声明、作用域和常量的使用。 - **Expressions** 和 **Operators** 探讨了表达式和运算符的使用，以及它们在程序逻辑中的作用。 6. **控制结构与函数**： - **Control Structures** 包括条件语句、循环、函数定义等内容，这些都是编写高效代码的关键。 - **Functions** 部分详细解释了PHP内置函数和自定义函数的编写与调用。 7. **面向对象编程（PHP4 & PHP5）**： - 对于不同版本的PHP，分别介绍了类、对象和继承等相关概念，展示了面向对象编程在PHP中的应用。 8. **命名空间**：随着PHP的发展，这一章节讲解了如何组织和管理复杂的代码结构，提高代码复用性和模块化。 9. **异常处理**：处理程序运行时错误和异常处理的最佳实践，确保代码健壮性。 10. **参考资料**： - **Predefined variables** 提供了预定义变量列表，有助于理解和使用PHP的内置环境。 - **Predefined Exceptions** 和 **Predefined Interfaces** 分析了PHP中预定义的异常和接口，以及如何处理它们。 - **Context options and parameters** 介绍了上下文参数，这些在特定场景下对PHP的行为有影响。 - **Security** 部分着重于安全策略，包括CGI和Apache模块的安全配置，以及数据库和文件系统安全措施。 PHP官方参考手册是学习、理解和掌握PHP语言不可或缺的资源，无论你是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从中找到所需的信息来提升技能。通过深入阅读和实践，你可以确保自己的代码符合PHP的最佳实践，并充分利用该语言的各种功能。

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PHP Manual16

manual page on superglobals for more information. These special

variables were introduced in PHP » 4.1.0. Before this time, we used the

older $HTTP_*_VARS arrays instead, such as $HTTP_SERVER_VARS.

Although deprecated, these older variables still exist. (See also the

note on old code.)

To display this variable, you can simply do:

Example #1 Printing a variable (Array element)

<?php

echo $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'];

A sample output of this script may be:

Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)

There are many types of variables available in PHP. In the above

example we printed an Array element. Arrays can be very useful.

$_SERVER is just one variable that PHP automatically makes available to

you. A list can be seen in the Reserved Variables section of the manual

or you can get a complete list of them by looking at the output of the

phpinfo() function used in the example in the previous section.

You can put multiple PHP statements inside a PHP tag and create little

blocks of code that do more than just a single echo. For example, if you

want to check for Internet Explorer you can do this:

Example #2 Example using control structures and functions

<?php

if (strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], 'MSIE') !== FALSE) {

echo 'You are using Internet Explorer.<br />';

}

A sample output of this script may be:

You are using Internet Explorer.<br />

Here we introduce a couple of new concepts. We have an if statement. If

you are familiar with the basic syntax used by the C language, this

should look logical to you. Otherwise, you should probably pick up an

introductory PHP book and read the first couple of chapters, or read the

Language Reference part of the manual.

The second concept we introduced was the strpos() function call. strpos()

is a function built into PHP which searches a string for another string. In

this case we are looking for 'MSIE' (so-called needle) inside $_SERVER

['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] (so-called haystack). If the needle is found inside

the haystack, the function returns the position of the needle relative to

the start of the haystack. Otherwise, it returns FALSE. If it does not

return FALSE, the if expression evaluates to TRUE and the code within its

{braces} is executed. Otherwise, the code is not run. Feel free to create

similar examples, with if, else, and other functions such as strtoupper()

PHP Manual18

</form>

There is nothing special about this form. It is a straight HTML form with

no special tags of any kind. When the user fills in this form and hits the

submit button, the action.php page is called. In this file you would write

something like this:

Example #2 Printing data from our form

Hi <?php echo htmlspecialchars($_POST['name']); ?>.

You are <?php echo (int)$_POST['age']; ?> years old.

A sample output of this script may be:

Hi Joe. You are 22 years old.

Apart from the htmlspecialchars() and (int) parts, it should be obvious

what this does. htmlspecialchars() makes sure any characters that are

special in html are properly encoded so people can't inject HTML tags or

Javascript into your page. For the age field, since we know it is a

number, we can just convert it to an integer which will automatically get

rid of any stray characters. You can also have PHP do this for you

automatically by using the filter extension. The $_POST['name'] and

$_POST['age'] variables are automatically set for you by PHP. Earlier we

used the $_SERVER superglobal; above we just introduced the $_POST

superglobal which contains all POST data. Notice how the method of our

form is POST. If we used the method GET then our form information

would live in the $_GET superglobal instead. You may also use the

$_REQUEST superglobal, if you do not care about the source of your

request data. It contains the merged information of GET, POST and

COOKIE data. Also see the import_request_variables() function.

You can also deal with XForms input in PHP, although you will find

yourself comfortable with the well supported HTML forms for quite some

time. While working with XForms is not for beginners, you might be

interested in them. We also have a short introduction to handling data

received from XForms in our features section.

Something Useful

Using old code with new versions of PHP

A simple tutorial

PHP Manual

1.3.2.5 Using old code with new versions of PHP

Dealing with Forms

What's next?

A simple tutorial

PHP Manual

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