Information Processing Letters 113 (2013) 710–713
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Information Processing Letters
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Notes on vertex pancyclicity of graphs
✩
Qiaoping Guo
a,∗
, Shengjia Li
a
,GaokuiXu
a
,YubaoGuo
b
a
School of Mathematical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
b
Lehrstuhl C für Mathematik, RWTH Aachen, Templergraben 55, 52062 Aachen, Germany
article info abstract
Article history:
Received 30 September 2012
Received in revised form 29 June 2013
Accepted 30 June 2013
Available online 3 July 2013
Communicated by Jinhui Xu
Keywords:
Combinatorial problems
2-connected graphs
Pancyclicity
Vertex-pancyclicity
In (2012) [7], Kewen Zhao and Yue Lin introduced a new sufficient condition for pancyclic
graphs and proved that if G is a 2-connected graph of order n
6with|N(x) ∪ N( y)|+
d(w) n for any three vertices x, y, w of d(x, y) = 2andwx or wy /∈ E(G),thenG is
4-vertex pancyclic or G belongs to two classes of well-structured exceptional graphs. This
result generalized the two results of Bondy in 1971 and Xu in 2001. In this paper, we first
prove that if G is a 2-connected graph of order n
6with|N(x)∪ N( y)|+d(w) n for any
three vertices x
, y, w of d(x, y) = 2andwx or wy /∈ E(G),theneachvertexu of G with
d
(u) 3is5-pancyclicorG = K
n/2,n/2
, and we also show that our result is best possible.
On the basis of this result, we prove that there exist at least two pancyclic vertices in G or
G
= K
n/2,n/2
. In addition, we give a new proof of a result in Cai (1984) [2].
© 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
In this paper, we consider only finite undirected graphs
with no loops or multiples. Let G
= (V (G), E(G)) be a
graph. We denote the number of vertices of G by
|V (G)|.
A subdigraph induced by a subset X
⊆ V (G) is denoted by
G
[X].WealsowriteG − X for G[V (G) − X].
For a vertex x and
a subgraph H of G,thesetofall
vertices being adjacent to x in H is denoted by N
H
(x).
Furthermore, d
H
(x) =|N
H
(x)| is degree of x in H.Weuse
δ(G) = min{d
G
(x): x ∈ V (G)} to stand for the minimum de-
gree of G. When there is no confusion possible, we use
N
(x), d(x) and δ instead of N
G
(x), d
G
(x) and δ(G),respec-
tively. Let R, H be two subgraphs of G.WeuseN
H
(R) to
denote the set of all vertices in H being adjacent to some
vertex in R.
An l-cy
cle is a cycle of length l. We call a graph G
Hamiltonian if it contains a cycle of length
|V (G)|. A graph
✩
This work is supported partially by the Natural Science Young Foun-
dation of China (Nos. 11201273, 61202017 and 61202365) and by the
Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Shanxi Province, China
(No. 2011021004).
*
Corresponding author.
E-mail address: guoqp@sxu.e
du.cn (Q. Guo).
G is called to be pancyclic if G contains cycles of length
from 3 to
|V (G)|. A vertex is said to be k-pancyclic in a
graph G,ifitbelongstoanl-cycle for all k
l |V (G)|.
For k
= 3, we also say that the vertex is pancyclic.
In 1960, Ore [5] intr
oduced degree sum condition for a
graph G to be Hamiltonian. In 1971, Bondy considered the
above Ore’s condition for pancyclic graphs and proved that
Theorem 1.1. (See
Bondy [1].) If G is a 2-connected graph of or-
der n with d
(x)+d(y) n for each pair of non-adjacent vertices
x
, yinG,thenGispancyclicorG= K
n/2,n/2
.
In 1984, Xiaotao Cai considered the above Ore’s condi-
tion
for vertex-pancyclic graphs and proved that
Theorem 1.2. (See
Cai [2].) If G is 2-connected graph of order
n
4 with d(x) + d( y) n for each pair of non-adjacent ver-
tices x
, yinG,thenGis4-vertex pancyclic or G = K
n/2,n/2
.
In 1989, Lindquester [4] intr
oduced the condition on
neighborhood union of each pair vertices at distance 2
for a graph G to be Hamiltonian. In 2001, Xu generalized
Lindquester’s result and proved the following pancyclic re-
sult.
0020-0190/$ – see front matter © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipl.2013.06.014