Apache Solr 4优化实战指南

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"Apache Solr 4 Cookbook" Apache Solr 是一个流行的开源全文搜索引擎，由Apache软件基金会维护。这本书《Apache Solr 4 Cookbook》旨在帮助读者提升Apache Solr的性能，增强其可靠性，并优化搜索结果。书中包含了超过100个实战食谱，覆盖了从基础设置到高级技巧的各种主题。在深入探讨之前，先理解Apache Solr的核心功能：它提供了高效、可扩展的全文索引和搜索，支持多语言，具备丰富的查询语法和结果排序能力，还支持地理位置搜索。Solr 4是该平台的一个重要版本，引入了许多新特性和改进。本书内容可能涵盖以下关键知识点： 1. **安装与配置**：如何在不同的操作系统上安装Solr，配置服务器环境，以及设置Solr云（SolrCloud）以实现分布式搜索。 2. **索引构建**：详细介绍了如何导入和处理各种数据源，如CSV、XML或数据库，以创建和优化索引，包括字段类型定义、分析器和过滤器的使用。 3. **查询与结果处理**：讨论了Solr的查询API，如何构造复杂的查询表达式，以及如何利用高亮显示、 faceting（分面导航）和自定义结果排序来改善用户体验。 4. **性能优化**：涵盖了内存设置、索引压缩、查询缓存和结果缓存等策略，以提高搜索速度和系统响应时间。 5. **分布式搜索**：在Solr 4中，重点讲解了SolrCloud的配置和管理，包括ZooKeeper的使用，以及如何处理文档的分布式存储和复制。 6. **实时更新与搜索**：介绍Solr如何处理实时索引和搜索，包括增量索引和实时添加/删除文档。 7. **集群与故障恢复**：讨论了Solr集群的监控、故障检测和恢复策略，确保系统的高可用性。 8. **定制化开发**：讲解如何编写自定义插件，如查询解析器、请求处理器和过滤器，以满足特定需求。 9. **数据分析与可视化**：可能包括集成Solr与其他工具，如Hadoop或Elasticsearch，以及如何利用Solr的数据展示和分析功能。 10. **安全性与权限控制**：介绍了Solr的安全配置，包括用户认证和授权，以及如何保护敏感信息。通过《Apache Solr 4 Cookbook》，读者可以逐步学习并应用这些实用技巧，无论你是Solr的新手还是有经验的开发者，都能从中受益，解决实际项目中的挑战，提升你的搜索解决方案的质量和效率。

Preface

When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines

or items are set in bold:

<processor class="org.apache.solr.update.processor.

TikaLanguageIdentifierUpdateProcessorFactory">

<str name="langid.fl">name,description</str>

<str name="langid.langField">langId</str>

</processor>

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

curl 'localhost:8983/solr/update?commit=true' -H 'Content-

type:application/json' -d '[{"id":"1","file":{"set":"New file name"}}]'

New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, in

menus or dialog boxes for example, appear in the text like this: "clicking the Next button

moves you to the next screen".

Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.

Tips and tricks appear like this.

Reader feedback

Feedback from our readers is always welcome. Let us know what you think about this

book—what you liked or may have disliked. Reader feedback is important for us to develop

titles that you really get the most out of.

To send us general feedback, simply send an e-mail to feedback@packtpub.com,

and mention the book title through the subject of your message.

If there is a topic that you have expertise in and you are interested in either writing or

contributing to a book, see our author guide on www.packtpub.com/authors.

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Apache Solr Conguration

During the writing of this chapter, I used Solr version 4.0 and Jetty

version 8.1.5, and those versions are covered in the tips of the following

chapter. If another version of Solr is mandatory for a feature to run, then

it will be mentioned.

We have a simple conguration, simple index structure described by the schema.xml le,

and we can run indexing.

In this chapter you'll see how to congure and use the more advanced Solr modules; you'll

see how to run Solr in different containers and how to prepare your conguration to different

requirements. You will also learn how to set up a new SolrCloud cluster and migrate your

current conguration to the one supporting all the features of SolrCloud. Finally, you will

learn how to congure Solr cache to meet your needs and how to pre-sort your Solr indexes

to be able to use early query termination techniques efciently.

Running Solr on Jetty

The simplest way to run Apache Solr on a Jetty servlet container is to run the provided

example conguration based on embedded Jetty. But it's not the case here. In this recipe,

I would like to show you how to congure and run Solr on a standalone Jetty container.

Getting ready

First of all you need to download the Jetty servlet container for your platform. You can get your

download package from an automatic installer (such as, apt-get), or you can download it

yourself from http://jetty.codehaus.org/jetty/.

How to do it...

The rst thing is to install the Jetty servlet container, which is beyond the scope of this book,

so we will assume that you have Jetty installed in the /usr/share/jetty directory or you

copied the Jetty les to that directory.

Let's start by copying the solr.war le to the webapps directory of the Jetty installation

(so the whole path would be /usr/share/jetty/webapps). In addition to that we need

to create a temporary directory in Jetty installation, so let's create the temp directory in the

Jetty installation directory.

Next we need to copy and adjust the solr.xml le from the context directory of the Solr

example distribution to the context directory of the Jetty installation. The nal le contents

should look like the following code:

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Chapter 1

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<!DOCTYPE Configure PUBLIC "-//Jetty//Configure//EN" "http://www.

eclipse.org/jetty/configure.dtd">

<Set name="war"><SystemProperty name="jetty.home"/>/webapps/solr.

war</Set>

<Set name="defaultsDescriptor"><SystemProperty name="jetty.home"/>/

etc/webdefault.xml</Set>

<Set name="tempDirectory"><Property name="jetty.home" default="."/>/

temp</Set>

</Configure>

Downloading the example code

You can download the example code les for all Packt books you

have purchased from your account at http://www.packtpub.com.

If you purchased this book elsewhere, you can visit

http://www.packtpub.com/support and register to have the

les e-mailed directly to you.

Now we need to copy the jetty.xml, webdefault.xml, and logging.properties les

from the etc directory of the Solr distribution to the conguration directory of Jetty, so in our

case to the /usr/share/jetty/etc directory.

The next step is to copy the Solr conguration les to the appropriate directory. I'm talking

about les such as schema.xml, solrconfig.xml, solr.xml, and so on. Those les

should be in the directory specied by the solr.solr.home system variable (in my case

this was the /usr/share/solr directory). Please remember to preserve the directory

structure you'll see in the example deployment, so for example, the /usr/share/solr

directory should contain the solr.xml (and in addition zoo.cfg in case you want to

use SolrCloud) le with the contents like so:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

</cores>

</solr>

All the other conguration les should go to the /usr/share/solr/collection1/conf

directory (place the schema.xml and solrconfig.xml les there along with any additional

conguration les your deployment needs). Your cores may have other names than the default

collection1, so please be aware of that.

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