Apache Solr 4 实用指南

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"Apache Solr 4 Cookbook PDF 是一本专注于提升 Apache Solr 性能、可靠性和搜索结果质量的实战指南，由 Rafał Kuć 编写。" Apache Solr 是一个开源的企业级搜索引擎，它提供了高效、可扩展的全文搜索、 faceted search（分面搜索）、动态聚类、数据库集成、地理空间搜索等功能。本书《Apache Solr 4 Cookbook》针对 Solr 4 版本，提供超过100个具体的解决方案和实例，旨在帮助用户更好地掌握和优化 Solr 的使用。在书中，你将学习到如何： 1. **安装与配置 Solr**: 包括设置 Solr 环境，配置服务器，以及创建和管理索引。 2. **处理数据输入**: 学习如何导入各种类型的数据，如CSV、XML或数据库，同时了解如何使用DataImportHandler进行数据同步。 3. **构建索引**: 探索最佳的字段类型和分析器，以实现高效的文本分析和分词，确保搜索的准确性。 4. **查询与搜索**: 学习如何构造复杂的查询语句，使用高级查询语法，如Lucene Query Parser和Solr Query Syntax，以及如何进行查询优化。 5. **排序与评分**: 了解如何定制排序策略，以返回最相关的搜索结果。 6. **分面搜索**: 实现分面导航，帮助用户更方便地过滤和浏览搜索结果。 7. **聚类与分类**: 学习如何使用Solr的内置聚类功能，例如Carrot2，以便对结果进行智能分组。 8. **地理位置搜索**: 配置和使用Solr的空间搜索功能，支持基于地理位置的搜索。 9. **性能优化**: 分析Solr的性能瓶颈，调整索引和查询参数，以提高响应速度和处理能力。 10. **监控与调试**: 学习如何利用Solr的监控工具，如JMX和日志，来诊断问题并优化系统。 11. **高可用性与集群**: 了解如何设置SolrCloud，实现分布式搜索和故障转移，确保系统的稳定性和可扩展性。 12. **整合其他系统**: 学习如何将Solr与其他应用程序（如Java应用、Web服务等）集成，以及如何与其他数据存储（如Hadoop、NoSQL数据库）协同工作。 13. **安全性与权限控制**: 掌握如何通过Solr的安全框架来保护索引和数据，实现用户认证和授权。 14. **备份与恢复**: 学习如何制定有效的备份策略，以及在需要时恢复数据。这本书适合已经有一定Solr基础的开发者和系统管理员，通过书中的实例和技巧，读者可以提升Solr应用的专业水平，解决实际工作中遇到的问题。尽管出版于2013年，其中许多核心概念和最佳实践依然适用于当前的Solr版本，因为Solr的基本架构和许多关键特性自那时以来变化不大。不过，对于涉及具体版本特性的部分，可能需要结合最新的Solr文档进行更新。

Preface

When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines

or items are set in bold:

<processor class="org.apache.solr.update.processor.

TikaLanguageIdentifierUpdateProcessorFactory">

<str name="langid.fl">name,description</str>

<str name="langid.langField">langId</str>

</processor>

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

curl 'localhost:8983/solr/update?commit=true' -H 'Content-

type:application/json' -d '[{"id":"1","file":{"set":"New file name"}}]'

New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, in

menus or dialog boxes for example, appear in the text like this: "clicking the Next button

moves you to the next screen".

Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.

Tips and tricks appear like this.

Reader feedback

Feedback from our readers is always welcome. Let us know what you think about this

book—what you liked or may have disliked. Reader feedback is important for us to develop

titles that you really get the most out of.

To send us general feedback, simply send an e-mail to feedback@packtpub.com,

and mention the book title through the subject of your message.

If there is a topic that you have expertise in and you are interested in either writing or

contributing to a book, see our author guide on www.packtpub.com/authors.

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Apache Solr Conguration

During the writing of this chapter, I used Solr version 4.0 and Jetty

version 8.1.5, and those versions are covered in the tips of the following

chapter. If another version of Solr is mandatory for a feature to run, then

it will be mentioned.

We have a simple conguration, simple index structure described by the schema.xml le,

and we can run indexing.

In this chapter you'll see how to congure and use the more advanced Solr modules; you'll

see how to run Solr in different containers and how to prepare your conguration to different

requirements. You will also learn how to set up a new SolrCloud cluster and migrate your

current conguration to the one supporting all the features of SolrCloud. Finally, you will

learn how to congure Solr cache to meet your needs and how to pre-sort your Solr indexes

to be able to use early query termination techniques efciently.

Running Solr on Jetty

The simplest way to run Apache Solr on a Jetty servlet container is to run the provided

example conguration based on embedded Jetty. But it's not the case here. In this recipe,

I would like to show you how to congure and run Solr on a standalone Jetty container.

Getting ready

First of all you need to download the Jetty servlet container for your platform. You can get your

download package from an automatic installer (such as, apt-get), or you can download it

yourself from http://jetty.codehaus.org/jetty/.

How to do it...

The rst thing is to install the Jetty servlet container, which is beyond the scope of this book,

so we will assume that you have Jetty installed in the /usr/share/jetty directory or you

copied the Jetty les to that directory.

Let's start by copying the solr.war le to the webapps directory of the Jetty installation

(so the whole path would be /usr/share/jetty/webapps). In addition to that we need

to create a temporary directory in Jetty installation, so let's create the temp directory in the

Jetty installation directory.

Next we need to copy and adjust the solr.xml le from the context directory of the Solr

example distribution to the context directory of the Jetty installation. The nal le contents

should look like the following code:

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Chapter 1

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<!DOCTYPE Configure PUBLIC "-//Jetty//Configure//EN" "http://www.

eclipse.org/jetty/configure.dtd">

<Set name="war"><SystemProperty name="jetty.home"/>/webapps/solr.

war</Set>

<Set name="defaultsDescriptor"><SystemProperty name="jetty.home"/>/

etc/webdefault.xml</Set>

<Set name="tempDirectory"><Property name="jetty.home" default="."/>/

temp</Set>

</Configure>

Downloading the example code

You can download the example code les for all Packt books you

have purchased from your account at http://www.packtpub.com.

If you purchased this book elsewhere, you can visit

http://www.packtpub.com/support and register to have the

les e-mailed directly to you.

Now we need to copy the jetty.xml, webdefault.xml, and logging.properties les

from the etc directory of the Solr distribution to the conguration directory of Jetty, so in our

case to the /usr/share/jetty/etc directory.

The next step is to copy the Solr conguration les to the appropriate directory. I'm talking

about les such as schema.xml, solrconfig.xml, solr.xml, and so on. Those les

should be in the directory specied by the solr.solr.home system variable (in my case

this was the /usr/share/solr directory). Please remember to preserve the directory

structure you'll see in the example deployment, so for example, the /usr/share/solr

directory should contain the solr.xml (and in addition zoo.cfg in case you want to

use SolrCloud) le with the contents like so:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

</cores>

</solr>

All the other conguration les should go to the /usr/share/solr/collection1/conf

directory (place the schema.xml and solrconfig.xml les there along with any additional

conguration les your deployment needs). Your cores may have other names than the default

collection1, so please be aware of that.

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Solr参考书籍

Play Framework Cookbook(PlayFramework )(September 4, 2011)

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