Apache Solr 4实战指南：100+优化技巧

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《Apache Solr 4 Cookbook》是一本由Rafał Kuć编著的权威指南，专为提升Apache Solr 4的性能、可靠性和搜索结果质量而设计。这本书提供了超过100个实用的配方或教程，涵盖了各种场景和技术，帮助读者深入理解和优化Solr这款流行的开源全文搜索引擎。本书的核心内容围绕着Apache Solr 4的核心功能和扩展，包括但不限于索引管理、查询优化、数据导入导出、性能调优、分布式集群配置以及高级搜索技术。作者以其丰富的经验，通过实例演示和深入解析，帮助读者解决实际问题，无论是对初学者还是有经验的开发者，都能从中获益匪浅。在编写过程中，作者强调了信息的准确性，尽管如此，书中提供的所有内容都不带任何形式的保证，包括但不限于版权、责任声明等。用户在使用时需要自行判断，并在遵循版权法规的前提下进行学习。此外，尽管作者和Packt Publishing努力确保商标信息的准确性，但并不能保证其完全无误。本书的初版发布于2011年7月，第二版更新至2013年1月，反映了当时Solr技术的最新发展和最佳实践。这本手册不仅是技术学习者的重要参考资料，也是Solr项目维护者和管理员不可或缺的工具书。对于那些希望精通Apache Solr 4并提升其在Web应用中的搜索体验的专业人士来说，《Apache Solr 4 Cookbook》是一个不可或缺的资源库，它提供了实用的策略和技巧，帮助读者实现更高效、更可靠的搜索解决方案。无论是在构建新项目还是优化现有系统，这本书都是一个值得深入研究的宝典。

Preface

When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines

or items are set in bold:

<processor class="org.apache.solr.update.processor.

TikaLanguageIdentifierUpdateProcessorFactory">

<str name="langid.fl">name,description</str>

<str name="langid.langField">langId</str>

</processor>

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

curl 'localhost:8983/solr/update?commit=true' -H 'Content-

type:application/json' -d '[{"id":"1","file":{"set":"New file name"}}]'

New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, in

menus or dialog boxes for example, appear in the text like this: "clicking the Next button

moves you to the next screen".

Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.

Tips and tricks appear like this.

Reader feedback

Feedback from our readers is always welcome. Let us know what you think about this

book—what you liked or may have disliked. Reader feedback is important for us to develop

titles that you really get the most out of.

To send us general feedback, simply send an e-mail to feedback@packtpub.com,

and mention the book title through the subject of your message.

If there is a topic that you have expertise in and you are interested in either writing or

contributing to a book, see our author guide on www.packtpub.com/authors.

Apache Solr Conguration

During the writing of this chapter, I used Solr version 4.0 and Jetty

version 8.1.5, and those versions are covered in the tips of the following

chapter. If another version of Solr is mandatory for a feature to run, then

it will be mentioned.

We have a simple conguration, simple index structure described by the schema.xml le,

and we can run indexing.

In this chapter you'll see how to congure and use the more advanced Solr modules; you'll

see how to run Solr in different containers and how to prepare your conguration to different

requirements. You will also learn how to set up a new SolrCloud cluster and migrate your

current conguration to the one supporting all the features of SolrCloud. Finally, you will

learn how to congure Solr cache to meet your needs and how to pre-sort your Solr indexes

to be able to use early query termination techniques efciently.

Running Solr on Jetty

The simplest way to run Apache Solr on a Jetty servlet container is to run the provided

example conguration based on embedded Jetty. But it's not the case here. In this recipe,

I would like to show you how to congure and run Solr on a standalone Jetty container.

Getting ready

First of all you need to download the Jetty servlet container for your platform. You can get your

download package from an automatic installer (such as, apt-get), or you can download it

yourself from http://jetty.codehaus.org/jetty/.

How to do it...

The rst thing is to install the Jetty servlet container, which is beyond the scope of this book,

so we will assume that you have Jetty installed in the /usr/share/jetty directory or you

copied the Jetty les to that directory.

Let's start by copying the solr.war le to the webapps directory of the Jetty installation

(so the whole path would be /usr/share/jetty/webapps). In addition to that we need

to create a temporary directory in Jetty installation, so let's create the temp directory in the

Jetty installation directory.

Next we need to copy and adjust the solr.xml le from the context directory of the Solr

example distribution to the context directory of the Jetty installation. The nal le contents

should look like the following code:

Chapter 1

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<!DOCTYPE Configure PUBLIC "-//Jetty//Configure//EN" "http://www.

eclipse.org/jetty/configure.dtd">

<Set name="war"><SystemProperty name="jetty.home"/>/webapps/solr.

war</Set>

<Set name="defaultsDescriptor"><SystemProperty name="jetty.home"/>/

etc/webdefault.xml</Set>

<Set name="tempDirectory"><Property name="jetty.home" default="."/>/

temp</Set>

</Configure>

Downloading the example code

You can download the example code les for all Packt books you

have purchased from your account at http://www.packtpub.com.

If you purchased this book elsewhere, you can visit

http://www.packtpub.com/support and register to have the

les e-mailed directly to you.

Now we need to copy the jetty.xml, webdefault.xml, and logging.properties les

from the etc directory of the Solr distribution to the conguration directory of Jetty, so in our

case to the /usr/share/jetty/etc directory.

The next step is to copy the Solr conguration les to the appropriate directory. I'm talking

about les such as schema.xml, solrconfig.xml, solr.xml, and so on. Those les

should be in the directory specied by the solr.solr.home system variable (in my case

this was the /usr/share/solr directory). Please remember to preserve the directory

structure you'll see in the example deployment, so for example, the /usr/share/solr

directory should contain the solr.xml (and in addition zoo.cfg in case you want to

use SolrCloud) le with the contents like so:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

</cores>

</solr>

All the other conguration les should go to the /usr/share/solr/collection1/conf

directory (place the schema.xml and solrconfig.xml les there along with any additional

conguration les your deployment needs). Your cores may have other names than the default

collection1, so please be aware of that.

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