Unity3D游戏开发入门：EVAC-CITY教程

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"这是一本关于使用Unity3D制作游戏的英文教程，专注于入门级的开发者，特别是对制作类似EVAC-CITY的2D俯视生存射击游戏感兴趣的人。作者David Lancaster通过本书引导读者了解C#编程语言在Unity3D中的应用、Unity3D的关卡设计以及如何在The Gimp中创建纹理和艺术素材。" 在Unity3D中制作游戏涉及到多个关键知识点： 1. **C#编程基础**：Unity3D主要使用C#作为脚本语言，因此理解C#的基础语法是必要的。这包括变量、数据类型、控制流（如条件语句和循环）、函数以及类的使用。学习如何创建游戏对象的行为，如角色移动、动画控制、敌人AI和射击机制。 2. **角色移动**：编程-CharacterMovement章节会讲解如何编写代码使游戏中的角色能够响应玩家输入进行移动。这通常涉及碰撞检测、速度控制和物理引擎的使用。 3. **角色动画**：CharacterAnimation部分会涵盖Unity3D中的 Animator组件和状态机，以及如何根据角色的状态（如行走、奔跑、攻击）触发不同的动画。 4. **敌人AI**：在Programming-EnemyAI中，你将学习到如何创建简单的敌人行为逻辑，比如寻路算法（如A*寻路）和简单的决策树，让敌人能自动寻找玩家并发起攻击。 5. **射击与投射物**：Programming-Projectiles部分会介绍如何创建子弹或投射物，并追踪目标，同时处理碰撞检测和销毁。 6. **粒子效果与伤害系统**：Programming-ParticleEffectsandDamage将讨论如何利用Unity3D的粒子系统来实现爆炸、火花等视觉效果，以及如何建立伤害系统来处理角色受到攻击时的反馈。 7. **额外开发**：Programming-AdditionalDevelopment可能包含游戏中的额外功能，如得分系统、生命值管理、音效集成或者UI元素的添加。 8. **关卡设计**：LevelDesign-ObjectPlacement和LevelDesign-GameDesign章节将指导你如何在Unity3D中布置场景，放置物体，创建关卡布局，以及如何设计游戏流程和关卡难度。 9. **纹理和艺术素材**：使用The Gimp这样的免费图像编辑软件，你可以学习如何创建和编辑游戏所需的2D纹理，包括角色、背景、图标等艺术资产。 10. **Unity3D界面和工作流程**：了解Unity3D的工作环境是非常重要的，包括项目管理、场景编辑、组件系统、预设和资源管理等。本教程适合有一定编程基础并且想要深入学习Unity3D游戏开发的初学者。通过这个教程，你不仅能够掌握基本的游戏开发技能，还能了解到从概念到实际游戏的完整过程。如果你已经熟悉Unity3D界面，那么这本书将会是很好的学习材料，帮助你构建自己的2D游戏。

}

void ProcessMovement()

{

rigidbody.AddForce (inputMovement.normalized * moveSpeed * Time.deltaTime);

transform.rotation = Quaternion.LookRotation(inputRotation);

transform.eulerAngles = new Vector3(0,transform.eulerAngles.y + 180,0);

transform.position = new Vector3(transform.position.x,0,transform.position.z);

}

void HandleCamera()

{

objCamera.transform.position = new Vector3(transform.position.x,

15,transform.position.z);

objCamera.transform.eulerAngles = new Vector3(90,0,0);

}

Hopefully you're not feeling too daunted by the sheer amount of code I have thrown in front of you! I

shall go through it line by line below, the reason I have thrown in so much code is to allow you to run

your Unity application and have your player character move around! If you now click the play button

at the top middle of your Unity interface you should be able to play the game and move your character

quite awkwardly around.

Firstly let's examine our update function:

void Update () {

FindInput();

ProcessMovement();

if (thisIsPlayer == true)

{

HandleCamera();

}

We are calling the FindInput function to find out what keys are being pressed and set the variables to

send into the ProcessMovement function to move our character. If we are the player we want to call

HandleCamera and set the camera to follow our player.

void FindPlayerInput ()

{

// find vector to move

inputMovement = new Vector3( Input.GetAxis("Horizontal"),

0,Input.GetAxis("Vertical") );

// find vector to the mouse

tempVector2 = new Vector3(Screen.width * 0.5f,0,Screen.height *

0.5f); // the position of the middle of the screen

tempVector = Input.mousePosition; // find the position of the

moue on screen

tempVector.z = tempVector.y; // input mouse position gives us 2D

coordinates, I am moving the Y coordinate to the Z coorindate in temp Vector and

setting the Y coordinate to 0, so that the Vector will read the input along the X

(left and right of screen) and Z (up and down screen) axis, and not the X and Y (in

and out of screen) axis

tempVector.y = 0;

inputRotation = tempVector - tempVector2; // the direction we

want face/aim/shoot is from the middle of the screen to where the mouse is pointing

}

Page 8 of 44

Now we're using some Vectors! If you're not familiar with Vectors then there is some learning you

may need to do online, they can be both complicated and simple but in the end they are your best friend

when it comes to controlling how objects move in a 3D world. Notice I am using the word 'new' in

some of those lines of code, this is purely C# syntax, it needs to do this when assigning new memory

for new variables I believe. The first line of code is finding out what keys the player is pressing,

remember in (edit - project settings – input) one of the input fields was called Horizontal?

Input.GetAxis("Horizontal") is giving us a variable between -1 and 1 telling us which key is being

pressed, pressing A will give us -1 and pressing D will give us 1.

Next we are finding out the rotation of the character, inputRotation is a Vector3, which calculates the

Vector from the center of the screen to the mouse position. I wont go into the mathematics of this but

that is what is happening in those few lines of code.

Now we are processing the movement:

void ProcessMovement()

{

rigidbody.AddForce (inputMovement.normalized * moveSpeed *

Time.deltaTime);

transform.rotation = Quaternion.LookRotation(inputRotation);

transform.eulerAngles = new Vector3(0,transform.eulerAngles.y +

180,0);

transform.position = new Vector3(transform.position.x,

0,transform.position.z);

}

Because earlier we added a rigidbody component to our player character, we can now call the

AddForce function to move it. Rigidbody is a pointer which automatically refers to the rigidbody

component attached to the gameObject using the script. If we didn't have a rigidbody attached to the

gameObject and were referring to it in a script, we would get an error. Remember our Vector which

held the information which keys the player was pressing? We are now putting those keys onto the X

and Z axis of the real player and moving it accordingly. When we use the .normalize function of a

Vector3. We are restricting the Vector to a size of 1. If we didn't do this there might be times in which

the player would move at different speeds because the Vector might be at different sizes. We are then

multiplying the Vector by the movement speed of the player and by Time.deltaTime. I don't know if

Time.deltaTime makes a difference here but as I'm used to in my 3D Game Studio days, it is used to

make the movement smooth and consistent depending on the framerate, if this line wasn't here and the

framerate change the speed the player moved might change also.

Quaternions! They are lovely! Transform.rotation is a Quaternion type of variable, and we cannot

simply tell it to accept a Vector type, so using the LookRotation function we are converting the Vector

into a Quaternion. And setting the rotation of the transform to the rotation of the inputRotation Vector.

Because this is a 2D game, we don't want the object rotating on any other axis asdie from the Y axis,

because we are applying a force on a cylinder collider the object will often rotate along the X and Z

axis as it pleases. In the 3

instruction of code we are simply reseting the rotation along the X and Z

axis to 0, and maintaining the original rotation along the Y axis. We rotate the Y axis eular angle by

another 180 degrees because in the sprite's material we set the tiling to -0.25, this means we must rotate

it around to make sure our object is facing the correct direction.

Page 9 of 44

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