物联网(IoT)在各行业环境的应用调查与分析

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"物联网(IoT)在不同行业环境中的应用-研究论文" 本文是一篇由Usman Ahmad、Junaid Chaudhary、Mudassar Ahmad和Amjad Ali Naz共同撰写的关于物联网（IoT）在不同行业环境中应用的调查报告，发表于《新兴计算技术年鉴》(Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing, AETiC)2019年第3卷第3期。该研究深入探讨了物联网技术如何通过无线通信、射频识别(RFID)、移动设备、有线和无线传感器来构建强大的应用和计算系统。物联网（IoT）近年来已经在工业领域展现出巨大的潜力，多个IoT应用被开发出来以满足特定的工业需求。本研究旨在通过对现有物联网技术的精确回顾，帮助读者理解其发展趋势。报告不仅涵盖了物联网技术的现状，还特别关注了工业物联网（Industrial IoT, IIoT）的应用实例，这些应用可能包括智能制造、智能物流、智能农业等。作者们分析了物联网在不同行业环境中的具体应用，例如在制造业中，IoT可以通过实时监控设备状态和生产流程，提高效率和质量；在物流行业中，IoT能够实现货物追踪，优化供应链管理；在农业领域，IoT可以通过传感器收集环境数据，实现精准农业，提高农作物产量。此外，该报告还对物联网研究面临的挑战和问题进行了分类。这些问题可能包括数据安全、隐私保护、网络可靠性、设备互操作性以及大规模物联网系统的能源效率。随着物联网设备数量的增加，如何处理和分析这些设备产生的海量数据也是一个关键的研究领域。物联网的快速发展也带来了新的发展机遇，如5G网络的部署为物联网提供了更快的数据传输速度和更低的延迟，促进了物联网在远程控制、实时分析等方面的应用。同时，边缘计算的兴起允许在数据生成的源头进行处理，降低了云中心的负担，提高了响应速度和数据安全性。这篇研究论文为了解物联网在不同行业环境中的现状和未来趋势提供了宝贵的信息，对于政策制定者、企业决策者和技术研究人员来说，是深入了解物联网发展和应用的重要参考资料。它强调了物联网技术在解决现实问题和推动行业创新方面所发挥的关键作用，并为未来物联网技术的研究方向和潜在解决方案提供了启示。

AETiC 2019, Vol. 3, No. 3 31

development and use of IoT technologies in Europe [13] [14]. China also invests 800 million dollars

in the IoT industry by 2016. China has a plan to lead in setting the standards for IoT technologies [15].

Japan has also launched i-japan and u-japan approaches to use IoT technologies in daily life [16].

3. The Service-Based Architecture of IoT

The main objective of IoT is to connect different devices or things over the internet. Service-based

architecture is also known as service-oriented architecture (SOA). SOA can also use to support IoT

as a main contributing technology in devices or heterogeneous systems. Nowadays SOA is used

successfully in the number of research areas including vehicular networks, cloud computing

platforms, and wireless sensor networks WSN [17] [18]. Some researchers also proposed the ideas to

create multilayer SOA architecture for IoT technologies. According to the International

Telecommunication Union, IoT architecture based on five different layers which are sensing,

accessing, networking, middleware, and application layers [6] [19]. The number of researchers

proposed three major layers for IoT architecture which are perception, network, and service layers.

Atzori et al also proposed the three-layer model for IoT architecture which is based on the application,

network and the sensing layers [11]. Liu et al also proposed application architecture for IoT which

consists of the application, middleware, transport, and physical layers. According to the functionality

of layers in IoT, a layered architecture of IoT is shown in Table I. The design consideration for

industrial IoT application is illustrated in Table II. The interaction and linkages of four layers with

each other are shown in figure 4.

The architectural design of IoT technologies is based on the number of things such as business

models, web services, web applications, corresponding process, smart objects, data processing,

networking and communication, and security etc. For IoT technologies, the architecture of IoT must

ponder the scalability, modularity, extensibility, and interoperability among various devices. The

architecture of IoT needs to provide effective and efficient event driven capability due to its

decentralized and heterogeneous nature [11] [12] [18].

Table 1. Layered architecture for IoT technology.

Layers

Description

Sensing Layer

To control the physical world and data an existing hardware (RFID, Sensors) are

integrated with this layer.

Networking Layer

The functionality of this layer is to provide a basic networking support and data

transfer operations over the wireless or wired network.

Service Layer

This layer is responsible of creating and managing services. Services are provided to

the users to fulfil their needs.

Interface Layer

This layer provides interactable interfaces and methods services to the users.

Table 2. Design goals for Industrial IoT Applications.

Design goals Description

Energy

How long can an IoT device operates with limited power supply?

Latency

How much time is a need for message propagation and processing?

Throughput

What is the maximum amount of data that can be transported through the network?

Scalability

How many devices are supported?

Topology

Who must communicate with whom?

Security and

Safety

How secure and safe in the application.

www.aetic.theiaer.org

Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3538955

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