C语言编程入门:第三版解答与测试实例

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《编程在C:第三版》是Stephen G. Kochan的经典教材,专注于C语言的基础入门。本书详细讲解了C语言的核心概念,并提供了丰富的实例帮助读者理解和实践。以下是章节内容的概要: 第3章:测试与基本语法 - 在本章,重点在于程序的调试和控制结构。3-3节强调了正确的代码格式,如变量命名应小写,函数名首字母大写,如`main()`应写为`main()`, 而不是`main(Void)`。程序中的计算和打印语句也需要遵循规范,例如在计算结果后添加分号(`sum=25+37=19;`),并在`printf`调用中加入逗号(`printf("The answer is %i\n", sum);`)。 第4章:数值类型与常量 - 本章介绍不同类型的数字和常量的使用规则。4-3节指出,八进制数中不能包含非数字字符'8'或'9'(如`0996`),十六进制数不能有小数点(如`0x10.5`),且浮点数的表示法有特定限制(如`1.2e-7`不能同时使用'e'和'd')。此外,无效的十六进制字符和错误的标识符(如`0X0G1G`和`17777ss`)也进行了说明。4-5节展示了如何正确声明和赋值变量,如`d=d`,以及浮点数运算的例子。 第5章:输入输出与数据类型 - 在此章,学习如何处理用户输入和打印输出。5-3节通过`stdio.h`库展示了如何创建表格,例如`printf`语句用于输出标题和行分割线。5-7节示例程序演示了如何使用`double`类型进行复杂计算,并将结果精确地输出到屏幕上。 这些知识点覆盖了C语言的基本语法、数值处理和输入输出操作,对于初学者来说,理解和掌握它们是编程入门的关键步骤。通过实际练习和阅读本书提供的解答,读者可以逐渐提升C语言编程技能。

The Sleeping Teaching Assistant A university computer science department has a teaching assistant (TA) who helps undergraduate students with their programming assignments during regular office hours. The TA’s office is rather small and has room for only one desk with a chair and computer. There are three chairs in the hallway outside the office where students can sit and wait if the TA is currently helping another student. When there are no students who need help during office hours, the TA sits at the desk and takes a nap. If a student arrives during office hours and finds the TA sleeping, the student must awaken the TA to ask for help. If a student arrives and finds the TA currently helping another student, the student sits on one of the chairs in the hallway and waits. If no chairs are available, the student will come back at a later time. Using POSIX threads, mutex locks, and/or semaphores, implement a solution that coordinates the activities of the TA and the students. Details for this assignment are provided below. Using Pthreads, begin by creating N students. Each will run as a separate thread. The TA will run as a separate thread as well. Student threads will alternate between programming for a period of time and seeking help from the TA. If the TA is available, they will obtain help. Otherwise, they will either sit in a chair in the hallway or, if no chairs are available, will resume programming and will seek help at a later time. If a student arrives and notices that the TA is sleeping, the student must notify the TA using a semaphore. When the TA finishes helping a student, the TA must check to see if there are students waiting for help in the hallway. If so, the TA must help each of these students in turn. If no students are present, the TA may return to napping. Perhaps the best option for simulating students programming—as well as the TA providing help to a student—is to have the appropriate threads sleep for a random period of time using the sleep() API:

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