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Lora优势原理组网

需积分: 1 0 下载量 37 浏览量更新于2023-11-23 收藏 4.79MB PDF 举报

雷电（LoRa）是一种专有的扩频调制方案，通过以数据速率作为灵敏度的交易来工作。与传统的FSK窄带系统相比，它更接近Shanon的理论极限，突破了FSK狭带系统的传统实现限制。Lora™具有以下优势：首先，它可以在噪声地面以下解调，比FSK具有更好的灵敏度（更好的Eb/No）。其次，它对干扰、噪声和干扰更具鲁棒性。最后，如果扩展因子不同，它可以在单个通道上实现同时占用。雷电（LoRa）是一种基于扩频调制的技术。与直接序列扩频（DSSS）相比，雷电（LoRa）有何不同呢？

Feb , 2014 14Semtech Confidential

LoRa advantages vs DSSS

 15.4k DSSS PHY vs. LoRa

 Cold Start

 DSSS: acquisition time can be several seconds at higher SF

 LoRa : two symbol period

 Frequency Tolerance

 DSSS: ±2.5 ppm

 LoRa: ±30 ppm typ.

 Spectral Efficiency

 LoRa is spectrally more efficient that 15.4k DSSS

 LoRa better sensitivity on a SF per BW basis

 Lora true Constant Envelope Modulation

 Availability

 15.4k DSSS: No single silicon implementation available today (only at system level)

 LoRa : Available today (SX1272 / SX1276/SX1278)

 Cost

 15.4k DSSS: $$

 LoRa DSS: $

Feb , 2014 15Semtech Confidential

LoRa vs OnRamp DSSS

 OnRamp uses DSS on top of a BPSK/QPSK modulation. This

has 2 extremely severe drawbacks

 1) Power consumption issue

 The transmitter requires an I/Q linear modulator (a 1257 like chip) with poor

efficiency compared to a saturated LORA transmitter.

 This is in essence the same problem than for OFDM or any non-constant

envelope modulation . Because the average output power is not equal to the

peak power, the PA cannot be used at its maximum efficiency but must be used

with some back-off 99% of the time .

 2) On ramp is using long DSS spreading codes

 This requires very precise frequency alignment of the TX & RX sides. This

locking and correlation takes a significant amount of time which degrades battery

lifetime.

 Very large chip (> 700 Kgate) – which makes end-node very expensive

 > 30 sec cold start

 Node transmission schedule is fixed (not random)

 Complex protocol (sold by Onramp)

 Very power inefficient since Node needs to stay awake and then transmitting

upon request with a non constant envelope modulation

Parameter On ramp claim

(web site)

comment SX1272 Long

range

comment

Wireless Frequency

2.4 GHz Propagation @ 915/868 is better by a factor

of 4

868 -915 MHz 433- 950 available

Bandwidth

1 MHz Fixed bandwidth – limited number of

channels (80)

User defined BW 100

KHz to 1 MHz

Modulation

DSSS Proprietary Proprietary

Transmit power

+30/+20 dBm +30 dBm AP

+20/10 Enode

+30/+20 dBm PA dependant

Receiver sensitivity

-142 dBm At 240 bps !! -139dBm 293 Bps at SF 12 125 KHz BW

Data rate

6 kbps AT 6 Kbps link margin sensitivity is -124

dBm

40 Kbps to 300 bps

Latency

> 3 sec (beacon

period)

Cold start - > 30 sec <0.1 sec Very power efficient in network

Outdoor range

propagation

64 km Theory only

☺

> 240 km Theory only

☺

Link margin

172dB Between AP at +30 dBm and receiver 172 dB Between AP at +30 dBm and receiver

Average power (sleep)

25µw (enode) 72 µW(µnode) 0.2 µW typ at 25degC

Typical Rx power

530 mW (enode) 300 mW(µnode) 32mW

Typical Tx power

1400 mW

(enode)@20dBm

750 mW(µnode) 170mW @ 17dBm

Operating voltage

2.6 -5.5 v (enode) Low voltage not an option 1.8 to 3.6v

Adaptative

yes Yes Variable bandwidth, variable sensitivity,

variable data rate

Cost of solution (cost per

chip based)

X 5

(market input )

SOC with Very large chip (On ramp and

Maxxim 2830 radio)

X 1 Mass market compatible chip few Sq mm2

Second source

On ramp provides chip set – No second

source – One radio (Maxxim)

IP available

Concentrator Multi

channel

Non Yes

OnRamp Versus LoRa

Feb , 2014 17Semtech Confidential

IoT Technology Comparison

Parameter LoRa Sigfox LTEM

Freq

433/470-510M

868M, 902-928M

433/470-510M

868M, 902-928M

LTE Band

Datarate

300bps-100kbps 100bps (fixed EU)

600bps (fixed USA)

20kbps

TX current

low low high

RX current

low (10-12mA) low (10-13mA) moderate (20-30mA)

Full 2-Way

yes No yes

Interference

immunity

good (Spread-

spectrum w/ FEC)

bad (narrow band

BPSK)

moderate

Scalability for

capacity

yes no ??

Localization

potentially yes no no

Mobile/Nomadic

Nodes

Yes / Yes No / Yes No / Yes

Comments

GW low cost and

silicon in production

GW is complex and

expensive

Development just

starting

Feb , 2014 18Semtech Confidential

LoRa vs Sigfox in North America 900MHz

Feature LoRa Sigfox Comment

Mobility > 100 km/h No

Sigfox requires a 1 second stationary

channel… so nothing in the path can

change either

Payload 46 Bytes 12 Bytes

User data, both have device IDs, etc.

Network Sync Not

Required

Not

Required

Link Budget (EU) 156 dB @

290 bps

156 dB @

100 bps

Link Sensitivity

(US)

-132dBm @

970 bps

-126dBm

@ 600 bps

Limit of messages

per day

None 140

Up to 10 minute delay for Sigfox

alarms?

Max Data Rate 5 Kbps

(Upstream)

600 bps

剩余85页未读，继续阅读

LoRa（长距离射频）是一种低功耗无线通信技术，适用于物联网应用。下面是关于LoRa低功耗设计、原理和组网描述的简要说明：低功耗设计：睡眠模式：LoRa设备在不传输数据时可以进入睡眠模式以降低功耗。它只在预定的时间间隔或触发事件时唤醒来进行通信。调整发送功率：LoRa设备可以根据通信距离和环境条件调整发送功率，以实现更好的能效。优化数据包结构：通过减小数据包大小、采用压缩算法等方式，可以减少通信过程中的能量消耗。原理： LoRa调制：LoRa使用扩频调制技术，将较窄带宽的信号通过扩频处理，使其在更宽的带宽上传输。这种调制方案具有抗干扰和长距离传输的特点。长距离传输：LoRa技术通过使用较低的数据速率和较高的信号功率，实现了远距离的通信。它在相对较低的信噪比下仍能保持可靠的连接。组网描述： LoRaWAN网络：LoRa设备通常通过LoRaWAN协议组成LoRaWAN网络。在LoRaWAN网络中，存在网关（Gateway）、终端节点（End Device）和网络服务器（Network Server）之间的层次结构。网关：LoRa网关是连接终端设备和网络服务器的关键节

Build started: Project: template *** Using Compiler 'V6.19', folder: 'D:\Keil_v5\ARM\ARMCLANG\Bin' Build target 'Target 1' ../User/main.c(2): error: 'lora.h' file not found #include "lora.h" ^~~~~~~~ 1 error generated. compiling main.c... LoRa.c(8): error: use of undeclared identifier 'RCU_AF' rcu_periph_clock_enable(RCU_AF); ^ LoRa.c(9): error: call to undeclared function 'gpio_init'; ISO C99 and later do not support implicit function declarations [-Wimplicit-function-declaration] gpio_init(LORA_UART_GPIO, GPIO_MODE_AF_PP, GPIO_OSPEED_50MHZ, LORA_UART_GPIO_PIN_TX); ^ LoRa.c(9): error: use of undeclared identifier 'GPIO_MODE_AF_PP' gpio_init(LORA_UART_GPIO, GPIO_MODE_AF_PP, GPIO_OSPEED_50MHZ, LORA_UART_GPIO_PIN_TX); ^ LoRa.c(10): error: use of undeclared identifier 'GPIO_MODE_IN_FLOATING' gpio_init(LORA_UART_GPIO, GPIO_MODE_IN_FLOATING, GPIO_OSPEED_50MHZ, LORA_UART_GPIO_PIN_RX); ^ LoRa.c(23): error: use of undeclared identifier 'GPIO_MODE_IPU' gpio_init(LORA_AUX_GPIO, GPIO_MODE_IPU, GPIO_OSPEED_50MHZ, LORA_AUX_GPIO_PIN); ^ 5 errors generated. compiling LoRa.c... Usart.c(8): error: use of undeclared identifier 'RCU_AF' rcu_periph_clock_enable(RCU_AF); ^ Usart.c(9): error: call to undeclared function 'gpio_init'; ISO C99 and later do not support implicit function declarations [-Wimplicit-function-declaration] gpio_init(USART_UART_GPIO, GPIO_MODE_AF_PP, GPIO_OSPEED_50MHZ, USART_UART_GPIO_PIN_TX); ^ Usart.c(9): error: use of undeclared identifier 'GPIO_MODE_AF_PP' gpio_init(USART_UART_GPIO, GPIO_MODE_AF_PP, GPIO_OSPEED_50MHZ, USART_UART_GPIO_PIN_TX); ^ Usart.c(10): error: use of undeclared identifier 'GPIO_MODE_IN_FLOATING' gpio_init(USART_UART_GPIO, GPIO_MODE_IN_FLOATING, GPIO_OSPEED_50MHZ, USART_UART_GPIO_PIN_RX); ^ 4 errors generated. compiling Usart.c... ".\Objects\template.axf" - 10 Error(s), 0 Warning(s). Target not created. Build Time Elapsed: 00:00:01

2023-07-17 上传

很抱歉，看起来编译器无法找到 `lora.h` 头文件。请确保你已经将 `lora.h` 和 `lora.c` 文件正确地放置在项目文件夹中，并确保编译器能够找到这些文件。请检查以下几点： 1. 确保 `lora.h` 和 `lora.c` 文件与主...

USB TO TTL配置lora方法

2023-03-27 上传

3. 连接您的Lora模块到转换器上，确保连接正确。 4. 打开串口通信软件（如Putty或Tera Term）并选择正确的串口号和波特率。 5. 在串口通信软件中输入以下AT指令： AT+ADDRESS=xxxx 其中xxxx是您想要配置的Lora...

arm-none-eabi-gcc -o "SENSOR_CB.elf" @"objects.list" -mcpu=cortex-m3 -T"C:\Users\WangBingqian\Desktop\SC10L151Cube\trunk\NO_FOTA_VERSION\STM32L151CBTXA_FLASH.ld" --specs=nosys.specs -Wl,-Map="SENSOR_CB.map" -Wl,--gc-sections -static --specs=nano.specs -mfloat-abi=soft -mthumb -Wl,--start-group -lc -lm -Wl,--end-group Core/Src/rs485.o: In function `get_sample_data_max_min_value': rs485.c:(.text.get_sample_data_max_min_value+0x0): multiple definition of `get_sample_data_max_min_value' Core/Src/lora_wan.o:lora_wan.c:(.text.get_sample_data_max_min_value+0x0): first defined here Core/Src/rs485.o: In function `computeMvScale': rs485.c:(.text.computeMvScale+0x0): multiple definition of `computeMvScale' Core/Src/lora_wan.o:lora_wan.c:(.text.computeMvScale+0x0): first defined here Core/Src/rs485.o: In function `computeMvScale_f': rs485.c:(.text.computeMvScale_f+0x0): multiple definition of `computeMvScale_f' Core/Src/lora_wan.o:lora_wan.c:(.text.computeMvScale_f+0x0): first defined here Core/Src/rs485.o: In function `generate_frag_data': rs485.c:(.text.generate_frag_data+0x0): multiple definition of `generate_frag_data' Core/Src/lora_wan.o:lora_wan.c:(.text.generate_frag_data+0x0): first defined here Core/Src/rs485.o:(.bss.frag_num+0x0): multiple definition of `frag_num' Core/Src/lora_wan.o:(.bss.frag_num+0x0): first defined here collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [makefile:50: SENSOR_CB.elf] Error 1 "make -j4 all" terminated with exit code 2. Build might be incomplete.是什么错误

2023-06-09 上传

具体来说，错误信息中显示了多个符号（如函数和变量）的多重定义（multiple definition）错误，其中一个定义在 "rs485.c" 文件中，另一个定义在 "lora_wan.c" 文件中。此外，链接器还指出了一些符号的定义在多个文件...

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