Java实现俄罗斯方块算法详解

4星 · 超过85%的资源需积分: 19 156 浏览量更新于2024-07-30 2 收藏 318KB PDF 举报

"Java实现俄罗斯方块算法的思路与步骤" 在编程领域，尤其是游戏开发中，实现经典游戏如俄罗斯方块是一项常见的练习，它可以帮助开发者掌握基础的面向对象编程（Object-Oriented Programming, OOP）设计原则，如分治策略、封装以及模块化。在这个Java版本的俄罗斯方块项目中，任务被分为三个部分：Part A、Part B 和 Part C。 Part A 的目标是创建 `Piece` 类。`Piece` 类是游戏的核心组件，代表各种不同形状的方块。它应该包含以下功能： 1. **定义方块形状**：每个 `Piece` 对象应能表示一种特定的俄罗斯方块形状，这可以通过内部结构或数组来实现。 2. **获取宽度**：`getWidth()` 方法返回方块的横向长度，即方块占用的格子数。 3. **获取裙边**：`getSkirt()` 方法返回方块的裙边，即围绕方块边缘的一圈格子。 4. **旋转方块**：`computeNextRotation()` 方法实现方块的旋转逻辑，确保每次旋转后方块依然保持在有效区域内。 5. **快速旋转**：`fastRotation()` 方法用于实现无限制的快速旋转，不考虑边界条件。在 Part A 的初步实现阶段，目标是在10月13日前提交一个能工作的 `Piece` 类的“草稿”版本。即使存在一些问题，如部分方块形状错误或者某些方法未完全实现，也应该提交，作为自我检查的一个中期里程碑。 Part B 聚焦于构建 `Board` 类。`Board` 类是游戏的主舞台，包含以下功能： 1. **初始化**：创建一个二维数组来表示游戏板，设置合适的大小（通常是10列和20行）。 2. **放置方块**：允许将 `Piece` 对象放置在游戏板上，并处理碰撞检测。 3. **消除行**：当一行被填满时，清除该行并使上方的行下移。 4. **检测游戏结束**：判断当前方块是否无法再移动，如果不能，则游戏结束。 Part C 是对游戏的补充和完善，可能包括： 1. **方块下落**：实现方块自动下落的机制，同时允许用户通过按键控制方块的左右移动和旋转。 2. **得分系统**：根据消除的行数计算得分。 3. **游戏状态管理**：保存游戏进度，支持暂停和恢复游戏。 4. **用户界面**：创建一个简单的图形用户界面（GUI）或命令行界面，让用户能够直观地看到游戏状态和进行交互。整个项目强调了OOP的分治策略，将大问题分解为小的、可独立测试的组件。通过封装，每个类只关注其核心职责，使得代码更易于理解和维护。项目的两个截止日期鼓励逐步开发，提供反馈循环，确保开发者有足够的时间来调试和优化代码。在10月18日的最终期限前，所有部分都应完成并能正常运行。

the skirt is {1, 0}. That is, at x=0, the lowest y value in the body is y=1, and for x=1, the lowest y value is

y=0. We assume that pieces do not have holes in them -- for every x in the piece coordinate system, there is

at least one block in the body for that x.

Rotation, Version 1

The Piece class needs to provide a way for clients to access the various piece rotations. The piece class

supports rotations in two ways. The first and most straightforward way is the computeNextRotation()

method, which computes and returns a new piece which represents a 90 degrees counter-clockwise rotation

of the receiver piece. Note that the piece class uses the "immutable" style -- there is no method that

changes the receiver piece. Instead, computeNextRotation() creates and returns a new piece.

Rotation Code

For computeNextRotation(), work out an algorithm that, given a piece, computes the counterclockwise

rotation of that piece. Draw a piece and its rotation and list out the x,y values of their body points. Get a

nice, sharp pencil, and think about a sequence of operations on the body points of the first body that will

yield the second body. Hint: write out the coordinates of each of the body points before and after the

rotation and determine what the formula for calculating the new x and new y is.

Rotation, Version 2

The problem with computeNextRotation() is that it's a little costly if we want very quickly to look at all of

the rotations of a piece. It's costly because it re-computes the rotated body every time, and it allocates a new

piece with "new" every time. Since the piece objects are immutable, we can just compute all the rotations

once, and then just store them all somewhere.

To do this, we will use a ".next" pointer in each piece that points to its pre-computed next counter-

clockwise rotation. The list is circular, so the .next pointer in the last rotation points back to the first

rotation. The method fastRotation() just returns the .next pointer. So starting with any piece in the list, with

fastRotation() we can quickly cycle through all its rotations.

For a newly created piece, the .next pointers are null. The method makeFastRotations() should start with a

single piece, and create and wire together the whole list of its rotations around the given piece.

The Piece class contains a single, static "pieces" array that contains the "first" rotation for each of the 7

pieces. The array is set up (see the starter code) with a call to makeFastRotations(), so all the rotations are

linked off the first for each piece.

The array is allocated the first time the client calls getPieces(). This trick is called "lazy evaluation" -- build

the thing only when it's actually used. The array is an example of a static variable, one copy shared by all

the piece instances. In OOP, this is sometimes called the "singleton" pattern, since there is only one

instance of the object and clients are always given a pointer to that once instance.

Piece.java Code

The Piece.java starter files has a few simple things filled in and it includes the prototypes for the public

methods you need to implement. Do not change the public prototypes or constants, so your Piece will fit in

with the later components and with our testing code. You will want to add your own private helper methods

that can have whatever prototypes you like. The end of this section also describes setting up unit-tests for

the Piece class.

剩余16页未读，继续阅读

zengzzz

粉丝: 0
资源: 1

Java实现俄罗斯方块算法详解

基于Unity俄罗斯方块算法实现

俄罗斯方块AI算法

俄罗斯方块算法以及原理

俄罗斯方块游戏中的数据结构与算法设计

利用AI算法设计俄罗斯方块游戏中的智能对手

俄罗斯方块游戏开发技术概览

俄罗斯方块游戏的后端服务器架构设计与优化

利用机器学习优化俄罗斯方块游戏难度动态调整

unity 俄罗斯方块算法

java俄罗斯方块项目设计思路

最新资源