C++编程教学手册解答指南

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"C++ How to Program" 是一本由 Deitel & Associates, Inc. 和 Prentice Hall 出版的教育书籍，第三版的教师指南提供了各章节的解题方案。该教师手册涵盖了许多关键的C++编程概念，旨在帮助教学者有效地指导学生学习C++语言。以下是各章节的主要知识点： 1. **Introduction to Computers and C++ Programming**：这一章介绍了计算机基础知识和C++编程环境，包括编程历史、程序设计的基本概念、C++的特点以及如何设置编程环境。 2. **Control Structures**：讲解了控制流程的基础，包括条件语句（如if-else）、循环（如for、while和do-while）以及选择结构（switch）。 3. **Functions**：讨论了函数的定义、调用、参数传递和返回值，以及函数重载和递归的概念。 4. **Arrays**：涵盖了数组的创建、初始化、访问和操作，包括一维和多维数组。 5. **Pointers and Strings**：介绍了指针的基本概念，如何使用指针操作内存，字符串的处理，以及动态内存分配和释放。 6. **Classes and Data Abstraction**：讲述了面向对象编程的基础，包括类的定义、数据封装、构造函数和析构函数。 7. **Classes: Part II**：进一步探讨类的高级特性，如友元、静态成员和常量成员。 8. **Operator Overloading**：讲解如何重载运算符以适应类的特定需求。 9. **Inheritance**：介绍了继承的概念，单一继承、多重继承和继承的访问控制。 10. **Virtual Functions and Polymorphism**：讨论虚函数和多态性，包括动态绑定和抽象类。 11. **C++ Stream Input/Output**：涵盖了输入/输出流的使用，如iostream库，cin和cout的运用。 12. **Templates**：介绍了模板的概念，包括函数模板和类模板，用于实现泛型编程。 13. **Exception Handling**：讲解了异常处理机制，如何捕获和处理运行时错误。 14. **File Processing**：涵盖了文件的打开、读写、关闭以及文件流的操作。 15. **Data Structures**：介绍了基本的数据结构，如队列、栈、链表和树等。 16. **Bits, Characters, Strings, and Structures**：深入到位操作，字符编码，字符串处理以及结构体的使用。 17. **The Preprocessor**：讲解预处理器的使用，如宏定义、条件编译等。每一章的解决方案部分提供了详细的解答，帮助教师解决学生在学习过程中可能遇到的问题，以增强学生对C++编程的理解和应用能力。

12 Introduction to Computers and C++ Programming Solutions Chapter 1

1.36 Write a program that inputs a five-digit number, separates the number into its individual digits and prints the digits sepa-

rated from one another by three spaces each. (Hint: Use the integer division and modulus operators.) For example, if the user types

in 42339 the program should print

19 }

Enter a character: A

A's integer equivalent is 65

4 2 3 3 9

1 // Exercise 1.36 Solution

2 #include <iostream>

4 using std::cout;

5 using std::endl;

6 using std::cin;

8 int main()

9 {

10 int num;

12 cout << "Enter a five-digit number: ";

13 cin >> num;

15 cout << num / 10000 << " ";

16 num = num % 10000;

17 cout << num / 1000 << " ";

18 num = num % 1000;

19 cout << num / 100 << " ";

20 num = num % 100;

21 cout << num / 10 << " ";

22 num = num % 10;

23 cout << num << endl;

25 return 0;

26 }

Enter a five-digit number: 42339

4 2 3 3 9

14 Introduction to Computers and C++ Programming Solutions Chapter 1

1.38 Give a brief answer to each of the following “object think” questions:

a) Why does this text choose to discuss structured programming in detail before proceeding with an in-depth treatment of

object-oriented programming?

ANS: Objects are composed in part by structured program pieces.

b) What are the typical steps (mentioned in the text) of an object-oriented design process?

ANS: (1) Determine which objects are needed to implement the system. (2) Determine’s each object’s attributes. (3) Deter-

mine each object’s behaviors. (4) Determine the interaction between the objects.

c) How is multiple inheritance exhibited by human beings?

ANS: Children. A child receives genes from both parents.

d) What kinds of messages do people send to one another?

ANS: People send messages through body language, speech, writings, email, telephones, etc.

e) Objects send messages to one another across well-defined interfaces. What interfaces does a car radio (object) present

to its user (a person object)?

ANS: Dials and buttons that allow the user to select a station, adjust the volume, adjust bass and treble, play a CD or tape,

etc.

1.39 You are probably wearing on your wrist one of the world’s most common types of objects—a watch. Discuss how each of

the following terms and concepts applies to the notion of a watch: object, attributes, behaviors, class, inheritance (consider, for ex-

ample, an alarm clock), abstraction, modeling, messages, encapsulation, interface, information hiding, data members and member

functions.

ANS: The entire watch is an object that is composed of many other objects (such as the moving parts, the band, the face,

etc.) Watch attributes are time, color, band, style (digital or analog), etc. The behaviors of the watch include setting the time

and getting the time. A watch can be considered a specific type of clock (as can an alarm clock). With that in mind, it is

possible that a class called Clock could exist from which other classes such as watch and alarm clock can inherit the basic

features in the clock. The watch is an abstraction of the mechanics needed to keep track of the time. The user of the watch

does not need to know the mechanics of the watch in order to use it; the user only needs to know that the watch keeps the

proper time. In this sense, the mechanics of the watch are encapsulated (hidden) inside the watch. The interface to the watch

(its face and controls for setting the time) allows the user to set and get the time. The user is not allowed to directly touch

the internal mechanics of the watch. All interaction with the internal mechanics is controlled by the interface to the watch.

The data members stored in the watch are hidden inside the watch and the member functions (looking at the face to get the

time and setting the time) provide the interface to the data.

45 return 0;

46 }

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