构建虚拟现实：解构Google Cardboard应用开发

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"Deconstructing Google Cardboard Apps B016ETVGDA 是一本专为开发者介绍如何构建虚拟现实应用的书籍，特别是针对Google Cardboard平台。书中通过Android SDK和Unity SDK来指导读者理解这个激动人心的新平台。作者们通过解构他们已成功发布的Cardboard应用程序，提供实际案例，讲解各种概念和技术，包括创建虚拟环境的沉浸感、使用智能手机相机进行视觉叠加、语音捕获和控制、图形优化以及在Google Play商店推广应用等。书中的章节包括VR简介、外星公寓、Glitcher VR、纸灯与村庄等多个项目示例，旨在帮助开发者构建自己的Google Cardboard应用程序。" 这本书由Michael Vaissiere, Mike Pasamonik, Oleksandr Popov和Peter Bickhofe四位作者撰写，他们各自分享了他们的Cardboard应用开发经验，旨在为读者提供实践性的指导。书中强调无任何形式的复制或传输内容未经出版商许可是不允许的，并明确表示书中提供的信息不包含任何形式的保证，作者、出版商及其分销商不对因使用本书内容而直接或间接造成的任何损害负责。目录中列出的章节包括： 1. VR简介：介绍虚拟现实的基本概念，以及它带给人们的震撼和迷惑，并讨论为何要为Google Cardboard开发应用。 2. 外星公寓：可能详细解释如何创建一个虚拟现实环境，让用户沉浸在不同的世界中。 3. Glitcher VR：可能涉及利用故障艺术风格在VR中创建独特体验的技术。 4. 纸灯与村庄：可能涵盖如何创造具有情感和互动性的VR景观。 5. Google Cardboard - VR大众化：可能探讨使虚拟现实技术更普及的方法和策略。通过阅读这本书，开发者不仅可以学习到Google Cardboard平台的开发技术，还能了解到如何将这些技术应用于实际项目中，从而创作出吸引人的虚拟现实体验。此外，对于想要在Google Play上推广自己应用的开发者来说，书中可能还包含了关于市场策略和用户获取的实用建议。

So, aer one hour of disappointment, I started to turn over my shelves in order to find

my Bluetooth keyboard in the hope of meeting my initial expectations. Then things ended

up with that “huh” eect. Virtually walking with a controller while really moving my head

around was disorienting. How could it be that VR was so hopeless?

Then, I thought about something: while it is true that our head is not as agile as our

hands and that our legs are the best way to walk, it is also true that we use our head to

trigger events in our daily life such as nodding a yes or a no. So why not use it to walk? Well,

I tried (along with other methods) and it proved to be quite good. The concept even stood

up against people rating it on the Play store. Except for the “gamepad guys"” who kept say-

ing that VR applications must support gamepads. So, in the end, I found a means to sup-

port both methods (more on that later on).

But what closes the loop here? The apartment. This place that I created to serve the

purpose of testing my head-based control began to become nice. I mean very nice. I started

to receive mail from players saying that the music was so nice and the place so comfortable

that they were using it to relax themselves in the evening aer a day of labor (we will try to

analyze why in the subsequent chapters). On top of that, the Play store was stunningly de-

void of VR applications. Imagine a place known by billions of people with just a small

bunch of VR applications. Hence, the chances were good to get a pretty decent number of

downloads in that category. And I was right; Alien Apartment reached several thousands of

downloads in a few weeks. Although this does not compare with “Flappy Bird”, this is pret-

ty descent. And Google continues to promote the platform.

Why develop for Google Cardboard?

I became part of this adventure more by accident than design. But, that did not prevent me

from taking great pleasure in doing so--the same pleasure I have with music. Developing

for VR is not just making games, it’s craing worlds. Just like you can master a music track,

listen to it and appreciate your work (or not), you can cra your world and go and have

feelings inside of it. It’s like Minecra to the power of ten. That led me to think about the

market and what kind of opportunities could lie ahead.

Insights on the VR market

Let’s consider that you purchased this book and that you also have experience developing

with both Oculus Ri and Google Cardboard.

Crite-

ria

Oculus VR Google Cardboard What we can say

Cost

It’s not totally clear,

but oicial an-

nouncements hinted

Something like a

Nexus 5 ($300) and

During the last quarter of 2014, al-

most 400 million smartphones and

around 80 million PCs where

CHAPTER 1: A VR Introduction

Crite-

ria

Oculus VR Google Cardboard What we can say

at a $500 price tag for

the headset requiring

a thousand dollar PC

to run smoothly.

a headset (from $5

to around $100)

shipped. This should help you draw

your own conclusion in terms of

market size.

Quali-

The final specifica-

tions are not known,

but they are high-

end. Definitely.

Middle-end: lower

resolution, lower

power and screens

are not VR specific.

If you are in the process of develop-

ing a block buster with state-of-the-

art graphics you bought the wrong

book.

Experi-

ence

Almost unlimited po-

tential.

Almost unlimited

potential.

Yes, while it’s true you’ll get far

more FPS and polygons out of an

Oculus, it’s also true that we live in a

time when people love those retro

pixilated games provided that it’s

fun and the music is good. And

that’s even more true for VR. You

know it, and that’s why you bought

the right book!

Evolu-

tivity

Essentially because

of the price tag: low.

Owners will not buy

new desktops and

headsets every now

and then.

Great! And to me it’s

almost certain that

Google is playing

around with Card-

board; following up

how it develops and

standing is ready to

mass market the

next generation.

It’s totally subjective but my gut

feeling regarding Oculus is that it is

yet another expensive peripheral for

hard core gamers. Google Card-

board can be to the VR what An-

droid is to phones.

All in all, I think Google Cardboard has more potential if we consider that Google has a

strategy that is going beyond Cardboard. On the other hand, Oculus is the power platform

that can support richer VR concepts at full speed.

My forecast for the next years

Oculus, in its recent Gear VR move, blurred the line and threw at us a glimpse of what is

most probably on track. Whatever happens, VR will probably not remain a hard-core gamer

peripheral. And whatever happens, VR will probably not remain a cheap cardboard gadget.

So in the end, both approaches will most probably meet in the middle. And the best in-the-

middle approach I can foresee is an autonomous and cheap head-mounted display. At the

cost of a middle-end smartphone you could quite easily pack the necessary memory, pro-

cessors and sensors along with the right screen and the right lenses. This is the typical ac-

cessory that could soon sit next to your smartphone, smartwatch, tablet and laptop. This is

my bet and I put it on Google. Time will tell.

My forecast for the next years

• It’s very customizable and easy to use (well, for a 3D authoring tool).

• Download from www.blender.org.

Image authoring - GIMP

A good image manipulation soware is key for all of your scenes. You will not render

nice scenes without good textures. What I love about GIMP is its incarnation of sim-

plicity and power. Major processing tools (color curves, adjustments, normalization,

coloring, hue/saturation, color depth, alpha manipulation, selection, layers, masks)

are quickly accessible and crystal clear to use. Still, there are a huge number of plu-

gins available on the web (to generate normal maps, etc.). GIMP is also open source.

Download from gimp.org.

Music authoring

Here you are the king! Either you are a musician and you already built-up your own

home studio, or you are not and you can pick up what works best with the huge

amount of open source music titles available on the web. Apart from this, there is

just one thing I have to say: Caustic from Single Cell

Soware. That little yet extreme-

ly powerful tool is the worthy heir of the mod trackers from the last decade in your

hand. Available on both Android and iOS you can now try out that melody that is just

coming across your mind. Play around with it, save it, and reopen it later on your

home studio. Caustic can run on your desktop (Windows and MacOS) and export

tunes to both .wav and .mid. Even if you have never made music, you can give it a

try! Download from singlecellsoftware.com/caustic.

Makehuman

I haven’t used it extensively yet, but I had to mention it. It’s a procedurally-based character

generator with tons of options. Moreover, it is compliant with the Unity rig model (only in

the nightly build) and is open source! Download from www.makehuman.org.

About workflows

My advice is simple: keep

stu in their native format and export them in a Unity-friendly

format. So far the best results I had in Unity are with:

•

.fbx for 3D models (export menu in Blender).

•

.jpg for textures, .png when an alpha channel is needed.

•

.wav for sound and using Unity compression.

Tooling and workflows

Hardware

If you are an indie developer like me, hardware is a critical part because you probably can’t

invest in various phones and headsets to check their compatibility. So, in the end, your

choices may be reduced to “I’ll do what I can with what I have.” In my case I ended up with

two test sets:

•

Nexus 4 + Original Google Cardboard (magnet trigger, NFC tag) with head-strap

customization. This one is useful for me to check that my scenes are not too eager on

performance and that they are adapted to the basic platform (field of view, focal

length / comfort, etc.).

•

Nexus 5 + Freefly VR The prime objective here is physical and eye comfort because

testing a scene like “Alien Apartment” can easily take one hour. I mean, you can’t

imagine how you look

aer one hour of cardboard with rough edges on your face...

Just don’t do that! There are many enhanced alternatives out there and the “Freefly

VR” is a good one. For my eyes the Nexus 5 screen density is as good as the latest

Oculus prototype, which is the minimum for an extensive session.

What can VR bring that flat worlds cannot?

Well, it’s up to you because I don’t pretend to be able to put up an exhaustive list. Never-

theless, I can give you some hints or help you think of it. The most incredible thing with VR

is the new dimension it brings. Think of it: anything from the early gaming history (yes:

pong!) to the latest genres (e.g. poetic platformers like Contre Jour, casual games, etc.) can

be re-imagined or re-invented. And you sure can make something big out of genres that

were not so special, as well as ruining concepts that work on a flat screen, but will not in

VR. I am pretty sure we can leave aside psychotic birds as well as blowing candies. But

please, do not restrain yourself! We have just stepped into a shiny new land! And, here

are the most important things I had the time to gather and analyze further from this new

land.

Ambiance

Let’s put things like this: you have a restaurant and that restaurant cooks the best food in

the world. Unfortunately, the interior decoration is awful and it is located in the middle of

nowhere. Your business is probably dead. Then, you open a new restaurant, but your top

chef is gone and you just cook decent meals. But now you are located on top of the Grand

Canyon with a glass ceiling and tables made of stone from the surroundings. You’re proba-

bly a millionaire. Are you with me? Yes it is a bit counter-intuitive, but food is the quality of

your graphics, decoration is the appeal of your graphics, and location is your gameplay.

And yes: high-end graphics do not mean good looking graphics. This is something you can

understand when you see the numerous examples in recent times: pixelated games, black

and white games, and against-the-light graphics. Your mobile GPU has to be power

ei-

CHAPTER 1: A VR Introduction

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