ASME B30.3-2004：美国塔式起重机安全标准

ASME

B30.3-2004

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"ASME B30.3-2004是美国机械工程师学会（ASME）发布的一项国家标准，专门针对塔式起重机的安全标准。该标准是对1996年版ASME B30.3的修订版，涵盖了缆索系统、起重机、吊车、桅杆、升降机、吊钩、千斤顶和吊带等设备的安全规范。该标准旨在确保在建筑和其他相关行业中使用的这些设备的操作安全。2004年11月15日发布，预计下一次修订版将在2007年出版，且此版将不再有增补内容。ASME会回应关于该标准技术方面解释的询问，并将解释发布在其网站的委员会页面上。" ASME B30.3-2004标准详细阐述了塔式起重机的构造和操作安全要求，包括但不限于以下关键知识点： 1. **设计与构造**：标准规定了塔式起重机的设计原则，如强度、稳定性、耐用性和可维护性，以确保设备在各种工作条件下都能安全可靠地运行。 2. **安全设备**：包括限位器、制动器、警告标志、操作员防护装置等，这些都是防止意外和保护人员安全的重要组成部分。 3. **操作与维护**：标准详细规定了操作员培训、设备检查、维护保养和故障处理的程序，以确保持续的设备性能和安全性。 4. **负载能力**：明确了不同工况下的最大允许负载，避免超载导致的结构损坏或事故。 5. **电气系统**：规定了电气系统的安全设计，包括接地、绝缘、控制面板和电缆管理等方面，以防止电击和其他电气相关的危险。 6. **安装与拆卸**：标准提供了塔式起重机安装和拆卸的详细步骤和安全指南，确保这一过程的安全进行。 7. **检验与测试**：规定了定期检验和测试的要求，以验证设备的性能和安全状态。 8. **应急计划**：包括事故预防和应急响应措施，帮助减少潜在事故的影响。 9. **合规性**：ASME B30.3标准是美国国家认可的，因此遵守此标准是确保符合当地法规和行业最佳实践的关键。 10. **解释与更新**：ASME负责对标准进行解释，并在网站上及时发布，保持标准的最新性。 ASME B30.3-2004是行业内专业人士必须了解和遵循的标准，它对确保塔式起重机及相关设备的安全运行起着至关重要的作用。无论是制造商、设计师、操作员还是检查员，都需要深入理解并严格执行这些规定，以保障工作场所的安全。

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(04)

SAFETY STANDARD FOR CABLEWAYS, CRANES, DERRICKS,

HOISTS, HOOKS, JACKS, AND SLINGS

B30 SERIES INTRODUCTION

GENERAL

This Standard is one of a series of safety standards

on various subjects which have been formulated under

the general auspices of the American National Standards

Institute. One purpose of the Standard is to serve as a

guide to governmental authorities having jurisdiction

over subjects within the scope of the Standard. It is

expected, however, that the Standard will find a major

application in industry, serving as a guide to manufac-

turers, purchasers, and users of the equipment.

For the convenience of the user, the Standard has been

divided into separate volumes:

B30.1 Jacks

B30.2 Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running

Bridge, Single or Multiple Girder, Top Run-

ning Trolley Hoist)

B30.3 Construction Tower Cranes

B30.4 Portal, Tower, and Pedestal Cranes

B30.5 Mobile and Locomotive Cranes

B30.6 Derricks

B30.7 Base Mounted Drum Hoists

B30.8 Floating Cranes and Floating Derricks

B30.9

Slings

B30.10

Hooks

B30.11

Monorails and Underhung Cranes

B30.12

Handling Loads Suspended From Rotorcraft

B30.13

Storage/Retrieval (S/R) Machines and Asso-

ciated Equipment

B30.14

Side Boom Tractors

B30.15

Mobile Hydraulic Cranes

Note: B30.15-1973 has been withdrawn. The

revision of B30.15 is included in the latest

edition of B30.5.

B30.16

Overhead Hoists (Underhung)

B30.17

Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running

Bridge, Single Girder, Underhung Hoist)

B30.18

Stacker Cranes (Top or Under Running

Bridge, Multiple Girder With Top or Under

Running Trolley Hoist)

B30.19

Cableways

B30.20

Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices

B30.21

Manually Lever Operated Hoists

B30.22

Articulating Boom Cranes

B30.23

Personnel Lifting Systems

viii

B30.24 Container Cranes

B30.25 Scrap and Material Handlers

B30.26 Rigging Hardware

B30.27 Material Placement of Systems

B30.28 Balance-Lifting Units

If adopted for governmental use, the references to

other national codes and standards in the specific vol-

umes may be changed to refer to the corresponding

regulations of the governmental authorities.

The use of cableways, cranes, derricks, hoists, hooks,

jacks, and slings is subject to certain hazards that cannot

be met by mechanical means but only by the exercise

of intelligence, care, and common sense. It is therefore

essential to have personnel involved in the use and oper-

ation of equipment who are competent, careful, physi-

cally and mentally qualified, and trained in the safe

operation of the equipment and the handling of the

loads. Serious hazards are overloading, dropping or slip-

ping of the load caused by improper hitching or slinging,

obstructing the freepassage of the load, andusing equip-

ment for a purpose for which it was not intended or

designed.

The Standards Committee fully realizes the impor-

tance of proper design factors, minimum or maximum

sizes, and other limiting dimensions of wire rope or

chain and their fastenings, sheaves, sprockets, drums,

and similar equipment covered by the Standard, all of

which are closely connected with safety. Sizes, strengths,

and similar criteria are dependent on many different

factors, often varying with the installation and uses.

These factors depend on the condition of the equipment

or material; on the loads; on the acceleration or speed

of the ropes, chains, sheaves, sprockets, or drums; on

the type of attachments; on the number, size, and

arrangement of sheaves or other parts; on environmental

conditions causing corrosion or wear; and on many vari-

ables that must be considered in each individual case.

The rules given in the Standard must be interpreted

accordingly, and judgment used in determining their

application.

Some of the provisions of this Standard require com-

pliance with information found in manuals or other

B30.24, B30.26, B30.27, and B30.28 are in the developmental

stage.

documents supplied by the manufacturer with the

equipment. This information includes recommenda-

tions, requirements, and instructions (e.g., ‘‘the reeving

shall be checked for compliance with the recommenda-

tions of the manufacturer’’).

Compliance with the provisions should not preclude

the possibility of consulting a qualified person. This is

true particularly when: the equipment has been altered,

repaired, or modified; the manuals or documents sup-

plied by the manufacturer are no longer available; or

the manufacturer or a successor is no longer in business

and the manuals are no longer available. However, the

purpose of consulting a qualified person shall not be to

avoid contacting the manufacturer and using the infor-

mation supplied by the manufacturer.

The Standards Committee will be glad to receive criti-

cisms of this Standard’s requirements and suggestions

for its improvement, especially those based on actual

experience in application of the rules.

Suggestions for changes to the Standard should be

submitted to the Secretary of the B30 Committee, ASME,

Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016, and should

be in accordance with the following format:

(a) cite the specific paragraph designation of the perti-

nent volume;

(b) indicate the suggested change (addition, deletion,

revision, etc.);

suggested change;

(d) submit suggested changes to more than one para-

graph in the order that the paragraphs appear in the

volume.

The B30 Committee will consider each suggested

change in a timely manner in accordance with its proce-

dures.

SECTION I: SCOPE

This Standard applies to the construction, installation,

operation, inspection, and maintenance of jacks; power-

operated cranes, monorails, and crane runways; power-

operated and manually operated derricks and hoists;

lifting devices, hooks, and slings; and cableways.

This Standard does not apply to track and automotive

jacks, railway or automobile wrecking cranes, shipboard

cranes, shipboard cargo-handling equipment, well-drill-

ing derricks, skip hoists, mine hoists, truck body hoists,

car or barge pullers, conveyors, excavating equipment,

or equipment falling within the scope of the following

Committees: A10, A17, A90, A92, A120, B20, B56, and

B77.

SECTION II: PURPOSE

This Standard is designed to:

(a) guard against and minimize injury to workers,

and otherwise provide for the protection of life, limb,

and property by prescribing safety requirements;

(b) provide direction to owners, employers, supervi-

sors, and others concerned with, or responsible for, its

application; and

in the development, promulgation, and enforcement of

appropriate safety directives.

SECTION III: INTERPRETATIONS

Upon request, the B30 Committee will render an inter-

pretation of any requirement of the Standard. Interpreta-

tions can only be rendered in response to a written

request sent to the Secretary of the B30 Committee,

ASME, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016.

The request for interpretation should be clear and

unambiguous. It is further recommended that the

inquirer submit his request utilizing the following

format.

Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s)

and provide a concise description.

Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the pertinent

volume for which the interpretation is being

requested.

Question:

Phrase the question as a request for an inter-

pretation of a specific requirement suitable

for general understanding and use, not as

a request for approval of a proprietary

design or situation. The inquirer may also

include any plans or drawings which are

necessary to explain the question; however,

they should not contain any proprietary

names or information.

Requests that are not in this format will be rewritten

in this format by the Committee prior to being answered,

which could change the intent of the original request.

ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any

interpretation when or if additional information which

might affect an interpretation is available. Further, per-

sons aggrieved by an interpretation may appeal to the

cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME

does not “approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any

item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.

SECTION IV: NEW AND EXISTING INSTALLATIONS

(a) Effective Date. The effective date of this volume for

the purpose of defining new and existing installations

shall be 1 year after its date of issuance.

(b) New Installations. Construction, installation,

inspection, testing, maintenance, and operation of

equipment manufactured and facilities constructed after

the effective date of this volume shall conform with the

mandatory requirements of this volume.

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ASME B30.3-2004：美国塔式起重机安全标准

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