SAP系统中的采购（MM-PUR）模块集成与功能

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"Purchasing (MM-PUR) 是SAP系统中的一个组件，属于Materials Management (MM) 模块的一部分。MM模块与其他SAP模块完全集成，支持材料管理的所有阶段，包括材料计划与控制、采购、收货、库存管理和发票验证。此文档主要针对的是SAP R/3系统的4.6C版本，并且提到了一些第三方软件供应商的商标信息，如Microsoft、IBM、Oracle等。" 在SAP系统中，Purchasing (MM-PUR) 是一个关键的功能领域，其主要目标是帮助企业高效、准确地进行采购流程管理。这一模块提供了以下核心功能： 1. **采购规划**：通过需求预测和采购计划，确保物料供应与生产需求相匹配。这涉及到创建采购申请、采购订单以及与供应商的合同谈判。 2. **供应商管理**：维护供应商信息，评估供应商的性能，建立长期合作关系，并进行资质审核，以保证供应链的稳定性和质量。 3. **采购订单处理**：创建和维护采购订单，跟踪订单状态，处理变更和取消，确保订单及时准确执行。 4. **收货管理**：当货物到达时，进行收货检验和库存更新，确保实物与系统记录一致。 5. **发票校验**：对照采购订单和收货信息对供应商发票进行核对，确保发票的准确性并完成支付流程。 6. **集成性**：与其他模块如财务会计（FI）、成本中心会计（CO）和生产计划（PP）紧密集成，使得数据在整个企业内统一，避免信息孤岛。 7. **报告和分析**：提供丰富的报表和分析工具，帮助管理层监控采购活动，优化采购策略，降低采购成本。 8. **接口与技术**：与第三方系统如ERP、数据库（如DB2、Oracle）和操作系统（如IBM AIX、Windows NT）的接口，确保数据的无缝传输。 9. **合规性**：满足不同国家和地区的法规要求，如采购政策、税务规定和贸易条款。 10. **系统维护**：包括定期的系统更新、优化和问题解决，确保系统的稳定运行。通过SAP Purchasing (MM-PUR)，企业能够实现自动化和标准化的采购流程，提高效率，减少错误，并通过集成的数据共享加强内部协作，为企业决策提供实时、准确的信息。同时，与第三方系统的兼容性也使得企业能够构建更广泛的数字化供应链网络。

Purchasing (MM-PUR) SAP AG

Proc. for Stock vs. Proc. for Direct Consumption

16 April 2001

SAP AG Purchasing (MM-PUR)

Organization of an Enterprise in the SAP System

April 2001 17

Organization of an Enterprise in the SAP System

This section describes the organization of an enterprise in the SAP system. It also demonstrates

how Purchasing is integrated into this structure.

Definition

Organizational Levels

The structure of an enterprise is represented in the SAP R/3 System by the following

organizational levels:

Client

A grouping or combination of legal, organizational, business and/or administrative units with a

common purpose.

Example: a corporate group.

Company code

This level represents an independent accounting unit within a client. Each company code has its

own balance sheet and its own profit and loss statement.

Example: a subsidiary company, member of a corporate group.

Plant

Operational unit within a company code.

Example: production facility, branch office.

Purchasing organization

An organizational unit responsible for procuring materials or services for one or more plants and

for negotiating general conditions of purchase with vendors. The purchasing organization

assumes legal responsibility for all external purchase transactions.

Purchasing group

The purchasing organization is further subdivided into purchasing groups (buyer groups), which

are responsible for day-to-day buying activities.

A purchasing group can also act for several purchasing organizations.

Structure

Assignments of Organizational Levels "Plant", "Purchasing Organization",

and "Company Code"

· Plant - purchasing organization/company code

In the SAP system, a plant must be assigned to one or more purchasing organizations.

Furthermore, a plant must always be assigned to a company code.

· Purchasing organization – company code

A purchasing organization can (but need not) be assigned to a company code.

If you do not assign a company code to a purchasing organization, the latter can engage

in procurement operations for every company code.

A prerequisite for this is that the plant for which procurement is carried out is assigned to

the purchasing organization.

SAP AG Purchasing (MM-PUR)

Organization of an Enterprise in the SAP System

April 2001 19

You can either assign a reference purchasing organization to a company code or not

assign it to any company codes. As a rule, no plants are assigned to the purchasing

organization. However, if you wish, you can assign one, two, or several plants to it.

An example of reference purchasing organizations can be found in the section Example: Working

with Reference Purchasing Organizations [Page 20].

Advantages of a Reference Purchasing Organization

· A reference purchasing organization can negotiate a comprehensive contract that can be

used by other purchasing organizations.

The purchasing organizations responsible for procurement in the individual plants can

issue release orders against this Centrally Agreed Contract [Ext.], thus availing

themselves of its more favorable terms and conditions.

More information on centrally agreed, corporate-wide contracts is available in the section

Centrally Agreed Contract [Page 196].

· SAP Application Link Enabling (ALE) allows individual companies belonging to a group but

working with separate SAP systems to make joint use of contracts. In such cases, the latter

are referred to as „distributed contracts“.

For more information on this topic, refer to the section Distributed Contracts [Page 191].

Working with a reference purchasing organization saves time and effort in

maintaining data because purchasing organization data for vendor master records

and purchasing info records only has to be created by the reference purchasing

organization. Other purchasing organizations that are linked to the latter via

Customizing can use this data without having to maintain data themselves.

Inter-Company-Code Stock Transfer

You can set up your system in such a way that one purchasing organization procures material for

a plant from a vendor (plant) that belongs to another company code within the same client

(corporate group). This is an instance of an inter-company-code stock transfer with an SD

delivery and a billing document.

For information on inter-company-code stock transfers, refer to the documentation MM Special

Stocks and Special Forms of Procurement in Materials Management (section Inter-Company

Stock Transfers [Ext.]).

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db2 sql语句查找字段PUR_INQUIRY_NUM，并把首字母替换成P