Windows Communication Foundation (WCF)在分布式框架中的应用与重要性

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"这篇文档探讨了微软的创新产品——Windows Communication Foundation (WCF)在分布式编程中的应用。文章首先介绍了WCF的基本概念，接着深入讨论了它的核心特性，包括面向服务架构（SOA）、互操作性与集成、统一化，并分析了WCF的分层架构。此外，文中还对比了WCF与Web服务的区别，并概述了当前流行技术的状态，最后强调了WCF在未来的重要性。关键词包括：WCF、SOA、互操作性、集成、统一化、Web服务、分布式开发。" Windows Communication Foundation (WCF)是微软推出的一种服务导向的分布式框架，它为开发者提供了构建企业级应用程序的能力。WCF的核心理念在于提供一种统一的方式来创建和部署跨网络的服务，这些服务可以被不同平台和语言的应用程序调用，从而实现了高度的互操作性。 1. 面向服务架构（SOA）：SOA是一种设计原则，强调服务的独立性和可重用性。WCF支持SOA，允许服务提供者和消费者之间通过标准协议进行通信，而无需了解对方的内部实现细节。服务可以通过多种方式暴露，如HTTP、TCP、命名管道等。 2. 互操作性与集成：WCF支持多种标准协议，如SOAP、WS-* 规范，这使得基于WCF的服务能够与非.NET环境下的系统无缝集成。同时，WCF提供了一种机制，可以将现有系统（如COM+、Web服务）集成到SOA环境中。 3. 统一化：WCF将.NET框架中原本分散的各种通信技术（如Remoting、ASP.NET Web Services、Message Queuing等）进行了整合，为开发者提供了一个统一的编程模型，简化了开发复杂分布式系统的流程。 4. 分层架构：WCF的分层架构包括传输层、消息层、绑定层和服务层。这种架构允许开发者在不同的层次上定制服务行为，提高了灵活性和可扩展性。 5. WCF与Web服务的区别：尽管两者都用于创建网络服务，但WCF提供了更丰富的功能集，如事务处理、安全性和服务质量（QoS）选项。相比之下，Web服务通常更侧重于简单、跨平台的XML消息交换。 6. 当前流行技术状态：在WCF推出后，其他技术如RESTful API、ASP.NET Core中的gRPC等也得到了广泛应用。然而，WCF仍然是许多大型企业系统的基础，特别是那些需要高级功能和.NET Framework全面支持的系统。 7. 未来的重要性：随着云计算和微服务架构的崛起，WCF可能不再是首选的技术，但它在服务化和集成方面的经验仍然是有价值的学习资源，对于理解现代分布式系统的设计原理具有指导意义。 WCF作为微软的分布式框架，通过其强大的服务导向特性，为开发复杂的分布式系统提供了有力的支持。虽然新的技术和趋势不断涌现，但WCF的理论基础和实践经验对于IT专业人士来说仍然具有深远的影响力。

A Service-Oriented Distributed Framework—WCF

Wei Zhang

College of Computer and Information Engineering

Shanghai University of Electric Power

Shanghai, China

zhangweismile@163.com

Guixue Cheng

College of Computer and Information Engineering

Shanghai University of Electric Power

Shanghai, China

richie_cc@126.com

Abstract—WCF(Windows Communication Foundation) ,one of

Microsoft's revolutionary products, represents a new step in

distributed programming. In this paper, after the concepts of

WCF are introduced, its pillars(SOA, interoperability and

integration, unification) are discussed and layered architecture

is explored, then the difference between WCF and Web

services is summarized . Finally, current state of popular

technologies is given, and the future importance of WCF is

pointed out.

WCF , SOA, interoperability, integration, unification, Web

services, distributed development

I. INTRODUCTION

In recent years, distributed system has made considerable

progress, with the increasing popularity and scale of

computer application. Meanwhile, more demands are put

forward to it, such as openness, security, scalability,

concurrency, transparency and so on. Especially, the

applications need to work together, need to exchange since

they are seldom totally independent. And generally they run

on different hardware, different operating systems, and

different platforms. After all, each hardware type, operating

system, and platform can have its own type system, memory

management scheme, transports, and protocols. Recognizing

the need to bridge the gap between various environments,

Microsoft developed what is known as the Windows

Communication Foundation (WCF).And regards it as one of

Microsoft's revolutionary products.

It says WCF which was code-named Indigo is a unified

programming model for building service-oriented

applications. It enables developers to build secure, reliable,

transacted solutions that integrate across platforms and

interoperate with existing investments[1].Because of the

exciting features, WCF has aroused widespread concern.

II. T

HREE PILLARS OF WCF

A. Addressing the SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture)

needs

For years, software development has focused on how to

best reuse the code that we write. Object-oriented

development put forward the idea of building reusable

classes from which could be inherited in order to reuse the

base class functionality. But it was language-based reuse and

didn’t facilitate the dynamic evolution of software at

runtime. Later, component-orientation overcame the

challenges. It provided interchangeable, interoperable binary

components, so possibility for cross-language

interoperability, and forced the developer to think about the

external facing interface of the application, which enabled us

to build systems that dynamically load and bind to new

functionality at runtime[2]. But tight coupling is its

important limitation. Distributed applications built with it

need a common platform and operating system, and have to

version simultaneously. Such characteristics make it

unsuitable for a variety of network environment. Now,

service-orientation offers a tremendous leap forward. It is a

collection of well-defined services, where each individual

service can be modified independently of other services to fit

the ever-evolving business[3].The communication is

reflected in the publishing and consumption of services by

the message-based approach based on open standards.

Overall, SOA adheres to the following four tenets of service-

orientation, which help ensure that the services are extremely

flexible and resilient to change, thereby reducing long-term

maintenance costs. And WCF takes SOA concepts of

message passing, schema, contract, and policy, and

implicitly applies it to all of the services. As such, WCF

provides the SOA programming model.

Tenet 1:Boundaries are explicit. It specifies that the

messages must be able to cross explicit and formal

boundaries regardless of what is behind those boundaries,

which means a service can be deployed anywhere and be

easily and freely accessed by other services, rather than

considering the environment or development language of the

other services

[4]

.With WCF, the attribute-based programming

enables developers to explicitly define external service

contracts. Without explicitly defining these, no functionality

will be exposed publicly.

Tenet 2: Services are autonomous. It states that each

service must be managed and versioned differently so as to

not affect other services in the process, which supports the

inevitable evolution of the service’s implementation over

time. It is obvious since the underlying implementation

details are hidden from the consumer, any change to the

implementation will not affect the service as long as the

contract does not change[3].

2009 International Conference on Web Information Systems and Mining

DOI 10.1109/WISM.2009.69

302

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