ISO/IEC 15415:2011 DM码二维符号打印质量测试标准

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ISO/IEC 15415:2011标准，通常被称为“DM码15415”，是信息技术领域的一项关键规范，专注于自动识别与数据捕获技术中的二维条码符号打印质量测试。该标准是第二版，发布于2011年12月15日，其主要目的是为了确保在实际应用中，二维条码（如QR码、Data Matrix等）的印刷质量达到可读性和可靠性的高标准。文档的核心内容涵盖了对二维条码符号进行严格的质量评估，包括但不限于符号尺寸、对比度、图案清晰度、解码能力等方面的要求。它规定了测试方法和参数，以便制造商、印刷商和终端用户能确保生成和扫描这些条码时，信息的准确无误传输。这对于诸如产品标识、物流追踪、供应链管理、电子商务等场景中的数据交换至关重要。标准中提到的“Referencenumber”可能是指文档的唯一标识符，用于引用和跟踪修订版本。版权信息强调了该标准受到国际标准化组织（ISO）的保护，未经许可不得复制或在网络上传播，以防止未经授权的使用。 ISO/IEC 15415:2011(E)版本是由IHS公司根据ISO授权发布的，只供合法用户查阅，且要求任何复制或再利用都必须获得ISO或其成员国的书面许可。这体现了国际标准化过程对于知识产权的严谨态度和对标准实施的控制。 DM码15415标准为二维条码的生产和应用设定了一个统一的质量基准，对于保障数据安全、提升识别效率以及维护消费者信任具有重要意义。遵循这一标准的企业将能够确保他们的条码符合国际认可的标准，从而提高业务效率和竞争力。

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 15415:2011(E)

Information technology — Automatic identification and data

capture techniques — Bar code symbol print quality test

specification — Two-dimensional symbols

1 Scope

This International Standard

 specifies two methodologies for the measurement of specific attributes of two-dimensional bar code

symbols, one of these being applicable to multi-row bar code symbologies and the other to two-

dimensional matrix symbologies;

 defines methods for evaluating and grading these measurements and deriving an overall assessment of

symbol quality;

 gives information on possible causes of deviation from optimum grades to assist users in taking

appropriate corrective action.

This International Standard applies to those two-dimensional symbologies for which a reference decode

algorithm has been defined, but its methodologies can be applied partially or wholly to other similar

symbologies.

While this International Standard can be applied to direct part marks, it is possible that better correlation

between measurement results and scanning performance will be obtained with ISO/IEC TR 29158 in

combination with this International Standard.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated

references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced

document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO/IEC 19762-1, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques —

Harmonized vocabulary — Part 1: General terms relating to AIDC

ISO/IEC 19762-2, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques —

Harmonized vocabulary — Part 2: Optically readable media (ORM)

ISO 7724-2:1984, Paints and varnishes — Colorimetry — Part 2: Colour measurement

ISO/IEC 15416, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Bar code

print quality test specification — Linear symbols

NOTE The Bibliography lists official and industry standards containing specifications of symbologies to which (inter

alia) this International Standard is applicable.

Provided by IHS under license with ISO

Not for Resale

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

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ISO/IEC 15415:2011(E)

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762-1, ISO/IEC 19762-2,

ISO/IEC 15416 and the following apply.

3.1

binarised image

binary (black/white) image created by applying the Global Threshold to the pixel values in the reference grey-

scale image

3.2

effective resolution

resolution obtained on the surface of the symbol under test, normally expressed in pixels per millimetre or

pixels per inch, and calculated as the resolution of the image capture element multiplied by the magnification

of the optical elements of the measuring device

3.3

error correction capacity

number of codewords in a symbol (or error control block) assigned for erasure and error correction, minus the

number of codewords reserved for error detection

3.4

inspection area

rectangular area which contains the entire symbol to be tested inclusive of its quiet zones

3.5

grade threshold

boundary value separating two grade levels, the value itself being taken as the lower limit of the upper grade

3.6

module error

module of which the apparent dark or light state in the binarised image is inverted from its intended state

3.7

pixel

individual light-sensitive element in an array [e.g. CCD (charge coupled device) or CMOS (complementary

metal oxide semiconductor) device]

3.8

raw image

plot of the reflectance values in x and y coordinates across a two-dimensional image, representing the

discrete reflectance values from each pixel of the light-sensitive array

3.9

reference grey-scale image

plot of the reflectance values in x and y coordinates across a two-dimensional image, derived from the

discrete reflectance values of each pixel of the light-sensitive array by convolving the raw image with a

synthesised circular aperture

3.10

reflectance margin

measurement of modulation using error correction and known module colours

3.11

sample area

area of an image contained within a circle 0,8X in diameter, X being the average module width determined by

the application of the reference decode algorithm for the symbology in question or, where the application

permits a range of X dimensions, the minimum module width permitted by the application specification

Provided by IHS under license with ISO

Not for Resale

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ISO/IEC 15415:2011(E)

3.12

scan grade

result of the assessment of a single scan of a matrix symbol, derived by taking the lowest grade achieved for

any measured parameter of the reference grey-scale and binarised images

4 Symbols and abbreviated terms

AN = Axial Nonuniformity

cap

= error correction capacity of the symbol

e = number of erasures

FPD = Fixed Pattern Damage

GN = Grid Nonuniformity

GT = Global Threshold

MARGIN = a measure of the difference in reflectance between a module and the global threshold, the value of

which goes to zero for modules of the incorrect reflectance state

MOD = an absolute measure of the difference in reflectance between a module and the global threshold

max

= highest reflectance in any element or quiet zone in a scan reflectance profile, or the highest reflectance

of any sample area in a two-dimensional matrix symbol

min

= lowest reflectance in any element in a scan reflectance profile, or the lowest reflectance of any sample

area in a two-dimensional matrix symbol

SC = Symbol Contrast (equal to R

max

- R

min

)

t = number of errors

UEC = Unused Error Correction

5 Quality grading

5.1 General

The measurement of two-dimensional bar code symbols is designed to yield a quality grade indicating the

overall quality of the symbol which can be used by producers and users of the symbol for diagnostic and

process control purposes, and which is broadly predictive of the read performance to be expected of the

symbol in various environments. The process requires the measurement and grading of defined parameters,

from which a grade for an individual scan (scan reflectance profile grade or scan grade) is derived; the grades

of multiple scans of the symbol are averaged to provide the overall symbol grade.

As a consequence of the use of different types of reading equipment under differing conditions in actual

applications, the levels of quality required of two-dimensional bar code symbols to ensure an acceptable level

of performance will differ. Application specifications should therefore define the required performance in terms

of overall symbol grade in accordance with this standard. The guidelines in Annex D.4 are provided as an aid

in writing application standards which employ this standard.

This standard defines the method of obtaining a quality grade for individual symbols. The use of this method in

high volume quality control regimes may require sampling in order to achieve desired results. Such sampling

plans, including required sampling rates are outside of the scope of this international standard.

Provided by IHS under license with ISO

Not for Resale

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

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