IEEE 802.3bq-2016：25GBASE-T与40GBASE-T Ethernet标准更新

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IEEE Std 802.3bq-2016 是IEEE针对以太网标准的第三次修订，该标准于2016年6月30日批准，旨在增强物理层和管理参数，支持25GBASE-T（25 GigaBit per Second Ethernet over Twisted Pair）和40GBASE-T（40 GigaBit per Second Ethernet over Twisted Pair）技术的高速数据传输。这项标准是在IEEE Std 802.3-2015的基础上进行修订的，同时受到了IEEE Std 802.3bw-2015和IEEE Std 802.3by-2016的影响，这些都是为了满足现代数据中心和企业网络对高带宽需求的增长。 25GBASE-T和40GBASE-T技术旨在通过铜质双绞线提供比以前标准更高的数据传输速率，这对于数据中心内部的连接以及云计算和物联网应用至关重要。这些标准规定了信号的传输、噪声容限、功率消耗、电缆长度限制等相关参数，确保了在不同类型的双绞线介质上实现高效和可靠的数据传输。 LAN/MAN Standards Committee（局域网/城域网标准化委员会）是IEEE Std 802.3bq-2016的主要赞助者，他们负责推动这一标准的发展，以适应不断增长的网络带宽需求。此外，标准还强调了对于大学等教育机构的授权使用，但下载自IEEE Xplore的文档可能存在使用限制。 IEEE Std 802.3bq-2016不仅定义了物理层规范，还涉及了管理功能，如错误检测、流量控制、链路认证和速率自适应等，以确保在高数据速率下系统的稳定性和安全性。它对于网络设备制造商、系统集成商以及网络管理员来说，是一个重要的指导文件，帮助他们在部署和维护高密度以太网基础设施时做出正确的决策。 IEEE Std 802.3bq-2016是现代网络技术的重要里程碑，它通过标准化25GBASE-T和40GBASE-T技术，推动了数据中心和企业网络向更高带宽、更低延迟和更大容量的方向发展。遵循这一标准，工程师们可以设计出更高效的网络架构，满足日益增长的数据流量需求。

45.2.3.14.1 Latched block lock (3.33.15).......................................... 45

45.2.3.14.2 Latched high BER (3.33.14)........................................... 46

45.2.3.14.3 BER (3.33.13:8).............................................................. 46

45.2.3.14.4 Errored blocks (3.33.7:0)................................................ 46

45.2.7 Auto-Negotiation registers ...................................................................................... 46

45.2.7.10 10MultiGBASE-T AN control 1 register (Register 7.32)...................... 47

45.2.7.10.4a 40GBASE-T capability (7.32.11) ................................... 48

45.2.7.10.4b 25GBASE-T capability (7.32.10)................................... 48

45.2.7.10.4c 25GBASE-T Fast retrain ability (7.32.9) ....................... 48

45.2.7.10.4d 40GBASE-T Fast retrain ability (7.32.3) ....................... 48

45.2.7.10.5 10GBASE-T LD PMA training reset request

(7.32.2)............................................................................ 48

45.2.7.10.6 10GBASE-T Fast retrain ability (7.32.1) ....................... 49

45.2.7.10.7 10GBASE-T LD loop timing ability (7.32.0)................. 49

45.2.7.11 10MultiGBASE-T AN status 1 register (Register 7.33)........................ 49

45.2.7.11.1 MASTER-SLAVE configuration fault (7.33.15) ........... 49

45.2.7.11.2 MASTER-SLAVE configuration resolution

(7.33.14).......................................................................... 50

45.2.7.11.7 10GBASE-T Link partner PMA training

reset request (7.33.9) ...................................................... 50

45.2.7.11.7a Link partner 40GBASE-T capability (7.33.8) ................ 50

45.2.7.11.7b Link partner 25GBASE-T capability (7.33.7) ................ 50

45.2.7.11.7c 25GBASE-T Fast retrain ability (7.33.2) ....................... 50

45.2.7.11.8 10GBASE-T Fast retrain ability (7.33.1) ....................... 51

45.2.7.11.9 40GBASE-T Fast retrain ability (7.33.0) ....................... 51

45.2.7.13 EEE advertisement (Register 7.60)........................................................ 51

45.2.7.13.4a 40GBASE-T EEE supported (7.60.9)............................. 52

45.2.7.13.12a 25GBASE-T EEE supported (7.60.0)............................. 52

45.2.7.14 EEE link partner ability (Register 7.61) ................................................ 52

45.2.7.14a MultiGBASE-T AN control 2 (Register 7.64)....................................... 52

45.2.7.14a.1 25GBASE-T THP Bypass Request ................................ 53

45.2.7.14a.2 40GBASE-T THP Bypass Request ................................ 53

45.2.7.14b MultiGBASE-T AN status 2 (Register 7.65)......................................... 53

45.2.7.14b.1 25GBASE-T Link Partner THP Bypass Request ........... 54

45.2.7.14b.2 40GBASE-T Link Partner THP Bypass Request ........... 54

45.5 Protocol implementation conformance statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 45,

Management Data Input/Output (MDIO) interface ............................................................... 55

45.5.3 PICS proforma tables for the Management Data Input Output (MDIO)

interface ................................................................................................................... 55

45.5.3.2 PMA/PMD MMD options ..................................................................... 55

45.5.3.3 PMA/PMD Management functions ....................................................... 55

45.5.3.6 PCS options............................................................................................ 55

45.5.3.7 PCS management functions ................................................................... 56

45.5.3.8 Auto-Negotiation options ...................................................................... 56

45.5.3.9 Auto-Negotiation management functions.............................................. 57

55. Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS), Physical Medium Attachment (PMA) sublayer and

baseband medium, type 10GBASE-T................................................................................................ 58

55.3.4 PMA training side-stream scrambler polynomials.................................................. 58

55.6 Management interfaces .......................................................................................................... 58

55.6.1.2 10GBASE-T Auto-Negotiation page use .............................................. 58

55.6.2 MASTER-SLAVE configuration resolution ........................................................... 58

55.12.3 Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS) ............................................................................ 59

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78. Energy-Efficient Ethernet (EEE) ....................................................................................................... 60

78.1 Overview................................................................................................................................ 60

78.1.3 Reconciliation sublayer operation ........................................................................... 60

78.1.3.3.1 PHY LPI transmit operation ........................................... 60

78.1.4 PHY types optionally supporting EEE.................................................................... 60

78.2 LPI mode timing parameters description............................................................................... 60

78.3 Capabilities Negotiation ........................................................................................................ 61

78.5 Communication link access latency....................................................................................... 61

80. Introduction to 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s networks ................................................................................62

80.1 Overview................................................................................................................................ 62

80.1.3 Relationship of 40 Gigabit and 100 Gigabit Ethernet to the ISO OSI

reference model ....................................................................................................... 62

80.1.4 Nomenclature .......................................................................................................... 62

80.1.5 Physical Layer signaling systems............................................................................ 63

80.4 Delay Constraints................................................................................................................... 64

81. Reconciliation Sublayer (RS) and Media Independent Interface for 40 Gb/s and

100 Gb/s operation (XLGMII and CGMII) ....................................................................................... 65

81.1 Overview................................................................................................................................ 65

81.1.7.3 Mapping of PLS_CARRIER.indication ................................................ 65

81.3.4 Link fault signaling.................................................................................................. 66

81.3.4.1 Variables and counters........................................................................... 66

81.3.4.2 State diagram ......................................................................................... 67

81.5 Protocol implementation conformance statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 81,

Reconciliation Sublayer (RS) and Media Independent Interface for 40 Gb/s and

100 Gb/s operation................................................................................................................. 68

81.5.3.7 Link Interruption.................................................................................... 68

105. Introduction to 25 Gb/s networks ...................................................................................................... 69

105.1 Overview................................................................................................................................ 69

105.1.1 Scope ....................................................................................................................... 69

105.1.2 Relationship of 25 Gigabit Ethernet to the ISO OSI reference model .................... 69

105.1.3 Nomenclature .......................................................................................................... 70

105.2 Physical Layer signaling systems .......................................................................................... 70

105.3 Summary of 25 Gigabit Ethernet sublayers ........................................................................... 71

105.3.1 Reconciliation Sublayer (RS) and 25 Gigabit Media Independent Interface

(25GMII) ................................................................................................................. 71

105.3.6 Auto-Negotiation (AN) ........................................................................................... 71

105.5 Delay constraints.................................................................................................................... 71

113. Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS), Physical Medium Attachment (PMA) sublayer, and

baseband medium, types 25GBASE-T and 40GBASE-T ................................................................. 72

113.1 Overview................................................................................................................................ 72

113.1.1 Nomenclature .......................................................................................................... 72

113.1.2 Relationship of 25GBASE-T and 40GBASE-T to other standards......................... 73

113.1.3 Operation of 25GBASE-T and 40GBASE-T .......................................................... 73

113.1.3.1 Summary of Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS) ...................................... 77

113.1.3.2 Summary of Physical Medium Attachment (PMA) sublayer................ 78

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113.1.3.3 Summary of EEE capability .................................................................. 78

113.1.4 Signaling.................................................................................................................. 79

113.1.5 Interfaces ................................................................................................................. 80

113.1.6 Conventions in this clause....................................................................................... 80

113.2 25GBASE-T and 40GBASE-T service primitives and interfaces ......................................... 80

113.2.1 Technology Dependent Interface ............................................................................ 81

113.2.1.1 PMA_LINK.request............................................................................... 81

113.2.1.1.1 Semantics of the primitive.............................................. 81

113.2.1.1.2 When generated .............................................................. 81

113.2.1.1.3 Effect of receipt .............................................................. 81

113.2.1.2 PMA_LINK.indication .......................................................................... 81

113.2.1.2.1 Semantics of the primitive.............................................. 81

113.2.1.2.2 When generated .............................................................. 82

113.2.1.2.3 Effect of receipt .............................................................. 82

113.2.2 PMA service interface ............................................................................................. 82

113.2.2.1 PMA_TXMODE.indication................................................................... 83

113.2.2.1.1 Semantics of the primitive.............................................. 83

113.2.2.1.2 When generated .............................................................. 84

113.2.2.1.3 Effect of receipt .............................................................. 84

113.2.2.2 PMA_CONFIG.indication..................................................................... 84

113.2.2.2.1 Semantics of the primitive.............................................. 84

113.2.2.2.2 When generated .............................................................. 84

113.2.2.2.3 Effect of receipt .............................................................. 84

113.2.2.3 PMA_UNITDATA.request.................................................................... 84

113.2.2.3.1 Semantics of the primitive.............................................. 85

113.2.2.3.2 When generated .............................................................. 85

113.2.2.3.3 Effect of receipt .............................................................. 85

113.2.2.4 PMA_UNITDATA.indication ............................................................... 85

113.2.2.4.1 Semantics of the primitive.............................................. 85

113.2.2.4.2 When generated .............................................................. 86

113.2.2.4.3 Effect of receipt .............................................................. 86

113.2.2.5 PMA_SCRSTATUS.request.................................................................. 86

113.2.2.5.1 Semantics of the primitive.............................................. 86

113.2.2.5.2 When generated .............................................................. 86

113.2.2.5.3 Effect of receipt .............................................................. 86

113.2.2.6 PMA_PCSSTATUS.request .................................................................. 86

113.2.2.6.1 Semantics of the primitive.............................................. 86

113.2.2.6.2 When generated .............................................................. 86

113.2.2.6.3 Effect of receipt .............................................................. 87

113.2.2.7 PMA_RXSTATUS.indication ............................................................... 87

113.2.2.7.1 Semantics of the primitive.............................................. 87

113.2.2.7.2 When generated .............................................................. 87

113.2.2.7.3 Effect of receipt .............................................................. 87

113.2.2.8 PMA_REMRXSTATUS.request........................................................... 87

113.2.2.8.1 Semantics of the primitive.............................................. 87

113.2.2.8.2 When generated .............................................................. 87

113.2.2.8.3 Effect of receipt .............................................................. 88

113.2.2.9 PMA_ALERTDETECT.indication........................................................ 88

113.2.2.9.1 Semantics of the primitive.............................................. 88

113.2.2.9.2 When generated .............................................................. 88

113.2.2.9.3 Effect of receipt .............................................................. 88

113.2.2.10 PCS_RX_LPI_STATUS.request ........................................................... 88

113.2.2.10.1

Semantics of the primitive.............................................. 88

113.2.2.10.2 When generated .............................................................. 88

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113.2.2.10.3 Effect of receipt .............................................................. 88

113.2.2.11 PMA_PCSDATAMODE.indication...................................................... 89

113.2.2.11.1 Semantics of the primitive.............................................. 89

113.2.2.11.2 When generated .............................................................. 89

113.2.2.11.3 Effect of receipt .............................................................. 89

113.2.2.12 PMA_FR_ACTIVE.indication .............................................................. 89

113.2.2.12.1 Semantics of the primitive.............................................. 89

113.2.2.12.2 When generated .............................................................. 89

113.2.2.12.3 Effect of receipt .............................................................. 89

113.3 Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS) ........................................................................................... 89

113.3.1 PCS service interface (25GMII/XLGMII) .............................................................. 89

113.3.2 PCS functions .......................................................................................................... 90

113.3.2.1 PCS Reset function ................................................................................ 91

113.3.2.2 PCS Transmit function........................................................................... 91

113.3.2.2.1 Use of blocks .................................................................. 92

113.3.2.2.2 65B-LDPC transmission code ........................................ 92

113.3.2.2.3 Notation conventions...................................................... 92

113.3.2.2.4 Transmission order ......................................................... 95

113.3.2.2.5 Block structure................................................................ 95

113.3.2.2.6 Control codes.................................................................. 95

113.3.2.2.7 Ordered sets .................................................................. 100

113.3.2.2.8 Idle (/I/)......................................................................... 100

113.3.2.2.9 LPI (/LI/)....................................................................... 100

113.3.2.2.10 Start (/S/)....................................................................... 100

113.3.2.2.11 Terminate (/T/) ............................................................. 101

113.3.2.2.12 ordered set (/O/)............................................................ 101

113.3.2.2.13 Error (/E/) ..................................................................... 101

113.3.2.2.14 Transmit process........................................................... 101

113.3.2.2.15 64B/65B to 512B/513B Transcoder ............................. 101

113.3.2.2.16 Aggregation .................................................................. 104

113.3.2.2.17 PCS Scrambler.............................................................. 104

113.3.2.2.18 LDPC framing and LDPC encoder............................... 106

113.3.2.2.19 Reed Solomon encoder................................................. 106

113.3.2.2.20 DSQ128 bit mapping .................................................... 107

113.3.2.2.21 DSQ128 to 4D-PAM16 ................................................ 109

113.3.2.2.22 Block-LDPC framer ..................................................... 109

113.3.2.2.23 EEE capability .............................................................. 109

113.3.2.3 PCS Receive function .......................................................................... 110

113.3.2.3.1 Frame and block synchronization................................. 111

113.3.2.3.2 PCS descrambler........................................................... 112

113.3.2.3.3 Invalid blocks ............................................................... 112

113.3.3 Test-pattern generators .......................................................................................... 112

113.3.4 PMA training side-stream scrambler polynomials................................................ 113

113.3.4.1 Generation of bits San, Sbn, Scn, Sdn ................................................. 113

113.3.4.2 Generation of 4D symbols TA

, TB

, TC

, TD

................................. 113

113.3.4.3 PMA training mode descrambler polynomials .................................... 113

113.3.5 LPI signaling ......................................................................................................... 114

113.3.5.1 LPI Synchronization ............................................................................ 115

113.3.5.2 Quiet period signaling.......................................................................... 116

113.3.5.3 Refresh period signaling ...................................................................... 116

113.3.6 Detailed functions and state diagrams................................................................... 117

113.3.6.1 State diagram conventions ................................................................... 117

113.3.6.2 State diagram parameters..................................................................... 117

113.3.6.2.1 Constants ...................................................................... 117

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113.3.6.2.2 Variables....................................................................... 118

113.3.6.2.3 Timers ........................................................................... 120

113.3.6.2.4 Functions ...................................................................... 120

113.3.6.2.5 Counters........................................................................ 122

113.3.6.3 State diagrams...................................................................................... 123

113.3.7 PCS management................................................................................................... 123

113.3.7.1 Status.................................................................................................... 123

113.3.7.2 Counters ............................................................................................... 124

113.3.7.3 Loopback ............................................................................................. 130

113.4 Physical Medium Attachment (PMA) sublayer................................................................... 130

113.4.1 PMA functional specifications .............................................................................. 130

113.4.2 PMA functions....................................................................................................... 131

113.4.2.1 PMA Reset function............................................................................. 131

113.4.2.2 PMA Transmit function ....................................................................... 131

113.4.2.2.1 Alert signal ................................................................... 131

113.4.2.2.2 Link failure signal......................................................... 133

113.4.2.3 PMA transmit disable function ............................................................ 133

113.4.2.3.1 Global PMA transmit disable function ......................... 133

113.4.2.3.2 PMA pair by pair transmit disable function ................. 133

113.4.2.3.3 PMA MDIO function mapping..................................... 133

113.4.2.4 PMA Receive function......................................................................... 134

113.4.2.5 PHY Control function.......................................................................... 135

113.4.2.5.1 Infofield notation .......................................................... 136

113.4.2.5.2 Start of Frame Delimiter............................................... 136

113.4.2.5.3 Current transmitter settings .......................................... 136

113.4.2.5.4 Next transmitter settings ............................................... 137

113.4.2.5.5 Requested transmitter settings ...................................... 137

113.4.2.5.6 Message Field ............................................................... 137

113.4.2.5.7 SNR_margin ................................................................. 138

113.4.2.5.8 Transition counter......................................................... 139

113.4.2.5.9 Coefficient exchange handshake .................................. 139

113.4.2.5.10 Ability Fields ................................................................ 139

113.4.2.5.11 Reserved fields ............................................................. 139

113.4.2.5.12 Vendor-specific field .................................................... 139

113.4.2.5.13 Coefficient Field ........................................................... 140

113.4.2.5.14 CRC16 .......................................................................... 140

113.4.2.5.15 Startup sequence ........................................................... 140

113.4.2.5.16 Fast retrain function...................................................... 143

113.4.2.6 Link Monitor function ......................................................................... 144

113.4.2.7 Refresh Monitor function..................................................................... 144

113.4.2.8 Clock Recovery function ..................................................................... 144

113.4.3 MDI ....................................................................................................................... 144

113.4.3.1 MDI signals transmitted by the PHY................................................... 144

113.4.3.2 Signals received at the MDI................................................................. 145

113.4.4 Automatic MDI/MDI-X configuration.................................................................. 146

113.4.5 State variables........................................................................................................ 146

113.4.5.1 State diagram variables........................................................................ 146

113.4.5.2 Timers .................................................................................................. 149

113.4.5.3 Functions.............................................................................................. 150

113.4.5.4 Counters ............................................................................................... 150

113.4.6 State diagrams ....................................................................................................... 151

113.4.6.1 PHY Control state diagram.................................................................. 151

113.4.6.2 Transition counter state diagrams ........................................................ 152

113.4.6.3 Link Monitor state diagram ................................................................. 154

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