低损耗艾里表面等离子激元的传播方案

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本文研究了在二维光子晶体与负折射指数材料(Negative Index Metamaterials, NIMMs)界面实现低损耗空气波表面等离子体极化子(Airy Surface Plasmon Polaritons, Airy SPPs)的新型策略。作者们提出了一种利用横磁模式以及电场和磁场吸收响应之间的相互作用来抑制光传播损失的方法。当光学频率接近NIMM的无损耗点时，这种机制能够显著降低Airy SPP的衰减，从而极大地提高了等离子体波的传播效率。在传统的介电-金属界面中，支持的表面等离子体极化子由于金属的高吸收性，其传播距离受到限制。然而，通过引入负折射材料，其特有的性质可以抵消部分吸收效应，使得Airy SPPs能够在更接近理想无损状态的条件下传播。在本文的实验设计中，作者们利用了Airy光束的特性，这种光束具有自聚焦和自愈合的特性，进一步增强了等离子体波的稳定性。研究表明，与常规介电-金属界面相比，采用此方法的Airy SPPs可以实现超过六倍以上的长距离传播，这在光通信、纳米传感器和集成光子学等领域具有巨大的应用潜力。文章还提到了相关的光学信息技术（Optical Codes）分类，包括光子晶体和表面等离子体效应，以及其在240.0240、240.6680和160.3918类别中的应用。这项工作不仅拓展了对低损耗表面等离子体的研究，而且可能开启新的设计思路，用于开发高性能的光子设备，如高效能的光波导、低损耗的光信号处理单元，甚至在量子信息传输等领域中的潜在应用。该研究为实现长距离、低损耗的光等离子体传输提供了一种创新且实用的技术手段。

Low-loss Airy surface plasmon polaritons

Qi Zhang (张琦), Chaohua Tan (谭超华), Chao Hang (杭超),

and Guoxiang Huang (黄国翔)*

State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy and Department of Physics, East China Normal University,

Shanghai 200062, China

*Corresponding author: gxhuang@phy.ecnu.edu .cn

Received March 14, 2015; accepted May 27, 2015; posted online July 8, 2015

We propose a scheme to obtain a low-loss propagation of Airy surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) along the

interface between a dielectric and a negative-index metamaterial (NIMM). We show that by using the trans-

verse-magnetic mode and the related destructive interference effect between electric and magnetic absorption

responses, the propagation loss of the Airy SPPs can be largely suppressed when the optical frequency is close to

the lossless point of the NIMM. As a result, the Airy SPPs obtained in our scheme can propagate more than a 6

times longer distance than that in conventional dielectric–metal interfaces.

OCIS codes: 240.0240, 240.6680, 160.3918.

doi: 10.3788/COL201513.082401.

Dielectric–metal interfaces are known to support surface

plasmon polaritons (SPPs), i.e., surface electromagnetic

waves propagating along the planar interface between a

metal and a dielectric material. These particular electro-

magnetic modes are sustained by collective electronic

oscillations in the metal near the interface, and are essen-

tially two-dimensional waves with field components

decaying exponentially with distance from the interface.

The fact that SPPs can overcome the diffraction limit

and localize light within a subwavelength volume makes

them ideal tools for enhancing light–matter interactions

[1]

In recent years, much attention has been paid to the

study of Airy light beams

[2]

. Unlike most types of light

waves, Airy beams have the ability to resist diffraction,

and can freely bend without requiring waveguiding struc-

tures or external potentials

[3]

. Up until now, Airy beams

have been found in various fields of physics including

optics

[2,4–6]

, spin waves

[7]

, plasma

[8]

, and electron beams

[9]

They also have a wide range of applications including

trapping, guiding, manipulation of objects

[10,11]

and slow

lights in cold atomic gases

[12,13]

, signal processing

[14]

molecular diagnostics, and biosensing applications.

Recently, Airy beams have been introduced theoreti-

cally by Salandrino and Christodoulides for controlling

SPPs along dielectric– metal interfaces

[15]

. This work pre-

sented an opportunity for realizing nondiffracting SPPs,

and stimulated flourishing experimental activities on Airy

SPPs along dielectric–metal interfaces

[16]

(also see referen-

ces therein). However, Airy SPPs found up until now have

had a very short propagation distance due to the large

Ohmic loss inherent in metals, which severely limits prac-

tical applications of Airy SPPs.

In this work, we suggest a scheme to generate low-loss

Airy SPPs, which propagate along the interface between a

dielectric and a negative-index metamaterial (NIMM)

[17,18]

By using the transverse-magnetic mode and the related

destructive interference effect between the electric and

magnetic absorption responses, we show that the

propagation loss of the Airy SPPs can be suppressed

significantly. As a result, the Airy SPPs obtained in

our work can propagate more than a 6 times longer

distance than that in conventional dielectric–metal

interfaces, after taking the inherent diffraction effect into

account.

The system we consider consists of two superposed pla-

nar materials, i.e., a dielectric and a NIMM (which could

be replaced by a metal for comparison), with a planar

dielectric–NIMM interface, as shown in Fig.

1(a). The

NIMM in the lower half-plane (x < 0) has permittivity

and permeability μ

(which are frequency-dependent),

and the dielectric in the upper half-plane (x > 0) has

permittivity ε

and permeability μ

(which are taken as

frequency-independent constants).

We choose the Drude model to describe the electric

permittivity and magnetic permeability of the NIMM

[19]

i.e., ε

NIMM

ðωÞ¼ε

∞

− ω

∕ðω

þ iγ

ωÞ and μ

NIMM

ðωÞ¼

∞

− ω

∕ðω

þ iγ

ωÞ, where ω

and ω

are the electric

and magnetic plasmon frequencies, γ

and γ

are the cor-

responding decay rates, and ε

∞

and μ

∞

are background

Fig. 1. (a) Dielectric-NIMM interface. NIMM (in the lower half-

plane, x < 0) has frequency-dependent permittivity ε

and

permeability μ

. Dielectric (in the upper half-plane, x > 0) has

frequency-independent permittivity ε

and permeability μ

SPP propagates along z-direction; (b) ImðβÞ (blue solid line)

and Reð1∕k

Þ (red dashed line) as functions of oscillating

frequency ω.

COL 13(8), 082401(2015) CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS August 10, 2015

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