三星eMMC4.5协议详解与开发指南

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"eMMC4.5协议是JEDEC（固态技术协会）制定的一个嵌入式多媒体卡（Embedded Multi-Media Card）的电气标准，旨在规范4.5版本设备的相关技术规格。这份文档对于开发三星eMMC产品具有很高的参考价值，能够帮助开发者理解和实现eMMC4.5协议中的各项功能和特性。" eMMC4.5协议是固态存储设备领域的一个重要标准，主要应用于移动设备如智能手机、平板电脑等，它定义了嵌入式多媒体卡的电气接口、命令集、数据传输方式以及错误处理机制等关键部分。以下是eMMC4.5协议的一些核心知识点： 1. **接口规范**：eMMC4.5协议在物理层上通常采用HS200高速模式，支持高达200MB/s的数据传输速率，比之前的版本有了显著提升。同时，它采用了DDR（Double Data Rate）模式，能够在时钟的上升沿和下降沿同时传输数据，进一步提高了数据吞吐量。 2. **命令集**：eMMC4.5协议定义了一套丰富的命令集，包括读写命令、状态查询命令、擦除命令等，以满足不同操作需求。例如，CMD16用于设置块长度，CMD51用于读取器件的SRAM信息，CMD27用于写单个块等。 3. **错误处理**：协议中包含了错误检测和恢复机制，如CRC（Cyclic Redundancy Check）用于检测数据传输错误，以及自动重试和错误纠正功能，确保数据的正确性和可靠性。 4. **电源管理**：考虑到移动设备的电池寿命，eMMC4.5协议提供了多种电源模式，包括低功耗模式和深度休眠模式，以便设备在不同工作状态下优化能耗。 5. **安全性**：协议还涉及到了数据安全相关功能，如加密和安全分区，以保护存储在eMMC上的敏感信息。 6. **硬件兼容性**：eMMC4.5协议保持与早期版本的向后兼容，允许设备制造商在不改变硬件接口的情况下升级固件。 7. **主机控制器接口**：eMMC与主机之间的通信是通过一个专用的控制器进行的，这个控制器负责协议转换、数据缓冲和错误处理等功能，简化了主机系统的设计。 8. **性能测试**：协议规定了一系列的性能测试方法，包括读写速度、随机访问性能等，以验证设备是否符合标准要求。 eMMC4.5协议是现代移动设备中存储技术的重要组成部分，其详细的技术规范为开发者提供了实现高效、可靠且节能的存储解决方案的基础。通过深入理解并遵循这一协议，开发者可以设计出更符合市场需求的产品。

JEDEC Standard No. 84-B45

-xii-

EMBEDDED MULTI-MEDIA CARD (e•MMC), ELECTRICAL STANDARD (4.5 Device)

List of Tables (cont'd)

Page

Table 33 - RTC_INFO_TYPE Field Description ....................................................................................... 83

Table 34 - Command Format ...................................................................................................................... 88

Table 35 - Supported Device command classes (0–56) .............................................................................. 89

Table 36 - Basic commands (class 0 and class 1) ....................................................................................... 90

Table 37 - Block-oriented read commands (class 2) ................................................................................... 91

Table 38 - Class 3 commands ..................................................................................................................... 91

Table 39 - Block-oriented write commands (class 4) ................................................................................. 92

Table 40 - Block-oriented write protection commands (class 6) ................................................................ 94

Table 41 - Erase commands (class 5) .......................................................................................................... 95

Table 42- I/O mode commands (class 9) .................................................................................................... 96

Table 43 - Lock Device commands (class 7) .............................................................................................. 96

Table 44 - Application-specific commands (class 8) .................................................................................. 96

Table 45 - Device state transitions .............................................................................................................. 97

Table 46 - R1 response ............................................................................................................................... 99

Table 47 - R2 response ............................................................................................................................... 99

Table 48 - R3 Response ............................................................................................................................ 100

Table 49 - R4 response ............................................................................................................................. 100

Table 50 - R5 response ............................................................................................................................. 100

Table 51 - Device status ............................................................................................................................ 102

Table 52 - Device Status field/command - cross reference ....................................................................... 104

Table 53 - Response 1 Status Bit Valid .................................................................................................... 105

Table 54 - Timing Parameters ................................................................................................................... 116

Table 55 – Timing Parameters for HS200 mode ...................................................................................... 117

Table 56 - H/W reset timing parameters ................................................................................................... 120

Table 57 - OCR register definitions .......................................................................................................... 121

Table 58 - CID Fields ............................................................................................................................... 122

Table 59 - Device Types ........................................................................................................................... 122

Table 60 - CSD Fields ............................................................................................................................... 124

Table 61 - CSD register structure ............................................................................................................. 125

Table 62 - System specification version ................................................................................................... 125

Table 63 - TAAC access-time definition .................................................................................................. 125

Table 64 - Maximum bus clock frequency definition ............................................................................... 126

Table 65 - Supported Device command classes ........................................................................................ 126

Table 66 - Data block length ..................................................................................................................... 127

Table 67 - DSR implementation code table .............................................................................................. 127

Table 68 - V

(min) current consumption ............................................................................................... 128

Table 69 - V

(max) current consumption .............................................................................................. 128

Table 70 - Multiplier factor for device size .............................................................................................. 129

Table 71 - R2W_FACTOR ....................................................................................................................... 130

Table 72 - File formats .............................................................................................................................. 131

Table 73 - ECC type ................................................................................................................................. 131

Table 74 - CSD field command classes .................................................................................................... 132

Table 75 - Extended CSD ......................................................................................................................... 134

JEDEC Standard No. 84-B45

-xiii-

EMBEDDED MULTI-MEDIA CARD (e•MMC), ELECTRICAL STANDARD (4.5 Device)

List of Tables (cont'd)

Page

Table 76 - Device-supported command sets ............................................................................................. 138

Table 77 - HPI features ............................................................................................................................. 138

Table 78 - Background operations support ............................................................................................... 138

Table 79 - Context Management Context Capabilities ............................................................................. 139

Table 80 - Extended CSD Register Support ............................................................................................. 140

Table 81 - Generic Switch Timeout Definition ......................................................................................... 140

Table 82 - Power off long switch timeout definition ................................................................................ 140

Table 83 - Background operations status .................................................................................................. 141

Table 84 - Correctly programmed sectors number ................................................................................... 141

Table 85 - Initialization Time out value .................................................................................................... 141

Table 86 - TRIM/DISCARD Time out value ........................................................................................... 142

Table 87 - SEC Feature Support ............................................................................................................... 142

Table 88 - Boot information ..................................................................................................................... 143

Table 89 - Boot partition size .................................................................................................................... 143

Table 90 - Access size ............................................................................................................................... 144

Table 91 - Superpage size ......................................................................................................................... 144

Table 92 - Erase-unit size ......................................................................................................................... 144

Table 93 - Erase timeout values ................................................................................................................ 145

Table 94 - Reliable write sector count ...................................................................................................... 145

Table 95 - Write protect group size .......................................................................................................... 145

Table 96 - S_C_VCC, S_C_VCCQ timeout values .................................................................................. 146

Table 97 - Sleep/awake timeout values ..................................................................................................... 146

Table 98 - R/W access performance values .............................................................................................. 147

Table 99 - Power classes ........................................................................................................................... 148

Table 100 - Partition switch timeout definition ........................................................................................ 149

Table 101 - Out-of-interrupt timeout definition ........................................................................................ 149

Table 102 – Supported Driver Strengths ................................................................................................... 149

Table 103 - Device types .......................................................................................................................... 150

Table 104 - CSD register structure ........................................................................................................... 150

Table 105 - Extended CSD revisions ........................................................................................................ 150

Table 106 - Standard MMC command set revisions ................................................................................. 151

Table 107 - Power class codes .................................................................................................................. 151

Table 108 - HS_TIMING (timing and driver strength) ............................................................................ 152

Table 109 - HS_TIMING values .............................................................................................................. 152

Table 110 - Bus mode values .................................................................................................................... 152

Table 111 - Erased memory content values .............................................................................................. 152

Table 112 - Boot configuration bytes ....................................................................................................... 153

Table 113 - Boot config protection ........................................................................................................... 154

Table 114 - Boot bus configuration .......................................................................................................... 155

Table 115 - Bus Width and Timing Mode Transition ............................................................................... 156

Table 116- ERASE_GROUP_DEF .......................................................................................................... 156

Table 117 - BOOT area write protection .................................................................................................. 157

Table 118 - User area write protection ...................................................................................................... 159

JEDEC Standard No. 84-B45

-xiv-

EMBEDDED MULTI-MEDIA CARD (e•MMC), ELECTRICAL STANDARD (4.5 Device)

List of Tables (cont'd)

Page

Table 119 - FW Update Disable ............................................................................................................... 160

Table 120 - RPMB Partition Size ............................................................................................................. 160

Table 121 - Write reliability setting .......................................................................................................... 161

Table 122 - Write reliability parameter register ........................................................................................ 162

Table 123 - Background operations enable ............................................................................................... 162

Table 124 - H/W reset function ................................................................................................................. 163

Table 125 - HPI management ................................................................................................................... 163

Table 126 - Partitioning Support ............................................................................................................... 164

Table 127 - Max. Enhanced Area Size ..................................................................................................... 164

Table 128 - Partitions Attribute ................................................................................................................ 165

Table 129 - Partition Setting ..................................................................................................................... 165

Table 130 - General Purpose Partition Size .............................................................................................. 166

Table 131 - Enhanced User Data Area Size .............................................................................................. 166

Table 132 - Enhanced User Data Start Address ........................................................................................ 167

Table 133 - Secure Bad Block management ............................................................................................. 167

Table 134 - Initialization Time out value .................................................................................................. 169

Table 135 – Class 6 usage ......................................................................................................................... 169

Table 136 - EXCEPTION_EVENTS_CTRL[56] ..................................................................................... 170

Table 137 - EXCEPTION_EVENTS_CTRL[57] ..................................................................................... 170

Table 138 - EXCEPTION_EVENTS_STATUS[54] ................................................................................ 170

Table 139 - EXCEPTION_EVENT_STATUS[55] .................................................................................. 170

Table 140 - First Byte EXT_PARTITIONS_ATTRIBUTE[52] .............................................................. 171

Table 141 - Second Byte EXT_PARTITIONS_ATTRIBUTE[53] .......................................................... 171

Table 142 - CONTEXT_CONF configuration format .............................................................................. 172

Table 143- Packed Command Status Register .......................................................................................... 172

Table 144 - Valid POWER_OFF_NOTIFICATION values ..................................................................... 173

Table 145 - Error correction codes ........................................................................................................... 174

Table 146 - DSR register content .............................................................................................................. 181

Table 147 - General operating conditions ................................................................................................. 183

Table 148 - e•MMC power supply voltage ............................................................................................... 185

Table 149 - e•MMC voltage combinations ............................................................................................... 185

Table 150 - Capacitance ............................................................................................................................ 186

Table 151 - Open-drain bus signal level ................................................................................................... 187

Table 152 - Push-pull signal level—high-voltage e•MMC ...................................................................... 187

Table 153 - Push-pull signal level—1.65-1.95 VCCQ voltage Range ..................................................... 188

Table 154 - Push-pull signal level—1.1V-1.3V VCCQ range e•MMC .................................................... 188

Table 155 – I/O driver strength types ....................................................................................................... 189

Table 156 - Driver Type-0 AC Characteristics ........................................................................................ 190

Table 157 - High-speed Device interface timing ...................................................................................... 191

Table 158 - Backward-compatible Device interface timing ..................................................................... 192

Table 159 - High-speed dual rate interface timing .................................................................................... 193

Table 160 - HS200 Clock signal timing .................................................................................................... 194

Table 161 - HS200 Device input timing ................................................................................................... 196

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三星eMMC4.5协议详解与开发指南

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