Java泛型与集合详解：Naftalin & Wadler经典指南

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《Java泛型与集合》是一本由Maurice Naftalin和Philip Wadler合著的专业IT书籍，专为Java开发者提供深入理解和实践指导。该书于2007年首次出版，版权属于O'Reilly Media，并在包括北京、剑桥、费尔南姆、科隆、塞巴斯托波尔、台北和东京等多个地区发行。它作为一本Java领域的经典教材，主要关注Java中的泛型（Generics）和集合框架（Collections），这两个概念对于现代Java编程至关重要。 Java泛型是Java 5.0引入的一项重要特性，它允许程序员编写更为类型安全且可重用的代码。泛型通过参数化类型来实现，使得编译器可以在编译阶段检查类型兼容性，避免了类型转换异常，提高了代码的健壮性和效率。在本书中，作者详细讲解了泛型的设计原则、语法使用、类型推断以及在实际项目中的应用案例。集合框架是Java语言提供的一组类和接口，用于处理一组对象的抽象表示，如列表（List）、集合（Set）、映射（Map）等。Java的集合框架在Guava、Apache Commons Collections等库的基础上不断发展，提供了丰富的操作方法，支持排序、搜索、过滤等高级功能。作者通过深入浅出的方式介绍了各种集合接口及其子类，帮助读者理解其内部实现机制，并展示了如何利用这些工具优化代码结构。此外，《Java泛型与集合》还可能涵盖了泛型与集合框架的性能分析，以及在并发编程、泛型与其他设计模式（如装饰者模式、策略模式等）结合时的应用。书中可能还包含了一些实战项目的示例，使读者能够通过实际操作加深对概念的理解和掌握。总结来说，这本手册是Java开发者的必备参考资料，无论是初学者还是进阶开发者，都能从中受益匪浅，提升他们在Java语言中使用泛型和集合框架的能力。通过阅读和实践书中的内容，开发者将更好地理解如何编写更高效、安全、模块化的代码，以适应现代软件开发的需求。

• We often include code that corresponds to the body of an appropriate main method:

Stack<Integer> stack = new ArrayStack<Integer>();

for (int i = 0; i<4; i++) stack.push(i);

assert stack.toString().equals("stack[0, 1, 2, 3]");

• Code fragments are printed in fixed-width font when they appear within a para-

graph (as when we referred to a main method in the preceding item).

• We often omit standard imports. Code that uses the Java Collection Framework

or other utility classes should be preceded by the line:

import java.util.*;

• Sample interactive sessions, showing command-line input and corresponding out-

put, are shown in constant-width font, with user-supplied input preceded by a

percent sign:

% javac g/Stack.java g/ArrayStack.java g/Stacks.java l/Client.java

Note: Client.java uses unchecked or unsafe operations.

Note: Recompile with -Xlint:unchecked for details.

• When user-supplied input is two lines long, the first line is ended with a backslash:

% javac -Xlint:unchecked g/Stack.java g/ArrayStack.java \

% g/Stacks.java l/Client.java

l/Client.java:4: warning: [unchecked] unchecked call

to push(E) as a member of the raw type Stack

for (int i = 0; i<4; i++) stack.push(new Integer(i));

Using Code Examples

This book is here to help you get your job done. In general, you may use the code in

this book in your programs and documentation. You do not need to contact us for

permission unless you’re reproducing a significant portion of the code. For example,

writing a program that uses several chunks of code from this book does not require

permission. Selling or distributing a CD-ROM of examples from O’Reilly books does

require permission. Answering a question by citing this book and quoting example

code does not require permission. Incorporating a significant amount of example code

from this book into your product’s documentation does require permission.

We appreciate, but do not require, attribution. An attribution usually includes the title,

author, publisher, and ISBN. For example: "Java Generics and Collections, by Maurice

If you feel your use of code examples falls outside fair use or the permission given above,

feel free to contact us at permissions@oreilly.com.

xiv | Preface

PART I

Generics

Generics are a powerful, and sometimes controversial, new feature of the Java pro-

gramming language. This part of the book describes generics, using the Collections

Framework as a source of examples. A comprehensive introduction to the Collections

Framework appears in the second part of the book.

The first five chapters focus on the fundamentals of generics. Chapter 1 gives an over-

view of generics and other new features in Java 5, including boxing, foreach loops, and

functions with a variable number of arguments. Chapter 2 reviews how subtyping

works and explains how wildcards let you use subtyping in connection with generics.

Chapter 3 describes how generics work with the Comparable interface, which requires

a notion of bounds on type variables. Chapter 4 looks at how generics work with various

declarations, including constructors, static members, and nested classes. Chapter 5

explains how to evolve legacy code to exploit generics, and how ease of evolution is a

key advantage of the design of generics in Java. Once you have these five chapters under

your belt, you will be able to use generics effectively in most basic situations.

The next four chapters treat advanced topics. Chapter 6 explains how the same design

that leads to ease of evolution also necessarily leads to a few rough edges in the treat-

ment of casts, exceptions, and arrays. The fit between generics and arrays is the worst

rough corner of the language, and we formulate two principles to help you work around

the problems. Chapter 7 explains new features that relate generics and reflection, in-

cluding the newly generified type Class<T> and additions to the Java library that support

reflection of generic types. Chapter 8 contains advice on how to use generics effectively

in practical coding. We consider checked collections, security issues, specialized

classes, and binary compatibility. Chapter 9 presents five extended examples, looking

at how generics affect five well-known design patterns: Visitor, Interpreter, Function,

Strategy, and Subject-Observer.

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