《Android Cookbook》：开发者问题与解决方案

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"Android-Cookbook-Problems-and-Solutions-for-Android-Developers.pdf" 是一本专注于Android开发问题解决的书籍，由Ian F. Darwin撰写，涵盖了Android Nougat 7.0的内容。这本书旨在帮助Android开发者社区共享知识，以提升应用的质量，使后续的开发者能更轻松地进行Android开发。在众多的移动操作系统竞争中，Android以其开源特性脱颖而出，被广泛应用于全球各地的经济型手机上，估计占据了全球智能手机市场的90%份额。书中的内容包括了Android开发中可能遇到的各种问题及其解决方案，从而协助开发者们在面对挑战时能够找到有效的方法。该书的第二版于2017年5月发布，经过了编辑、制作和设计团队的专业处理，确保了内容的准确性和易读性。作者 Ian F. Darwin 作为一名经验丰富的技术专家，通过此书分享了他的专业知识，涵盖了错误修复、性能优化、用户界面设计等多个方面的问题，帮助开发者解决实际工作中遇到的难题。书中的问题和解决方案涵盖了多个主题，可能包括但不限于以下几点： 1. **应用程序架构**：如何设计可维护和可扩展的代码结构，遵循最佳实践。 2. **用户界面（UI）与用户体验（UX）**：创建吸引人的布局，响应式设计，以及适配不同屏幕尺寸和方向的策略。 3. **性能优化**：如何减少内存消耗，提高应用速度，以及进行性能分析和调试。 4. **数据存储**：使用SQLite数据库，SharedPreferences，或云同步数据的最佳方法。 5. **网络通信**：实现RESTful API调用，处理JSON或XML数据，以及网络连接的错误处理。 6. **多线程和异步处理**：使用Handler，AsyncTask，或者新的Android架构组件来处理后台任务。 7. **安全性**：加密数据，保护用户隐私，防止恶意软件攻击。 8. **权限管理**：理解并适配Android的运行时权限系统。 9. **通知和消息推送**：正确使用通知API，包括本地通知和远程推送服务。 10. **设备兼容性**：处理不同设备硬件和Android版本的差异。 11. **测试和自动化**：编写单元测试，集成测试，以及使用持续集成工具。 12. **发布和更新**：应用的签名，发布到Google Play Store，以及版本控制策略。书中的每个章节都可能包含具体的代码示例和实战案例，以帮助开发者解决实际开发过程中遇到的问题。通过这本书，开发者不仅可以学习到如何解决问题，还能了解到问题背后的原因，从而提升他们的技能水平和开发效率。此外，书中的链接到在线资源，如O'Reilly的在线版（http://www.oreilly.com/safari），提供了更多实时更新和补充信息，帮助开发者保持与时俱进。《Android Cookbook: Problems and Solutions for Android Developers》是Android开发者的重要参考资料，无论你是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从中获益，提升你的Android开发能力。

before it outsourced the remains of its smartphone business, BlackBerry’s last devices

only ran Android.

It’s now generally believed that Android has almost three-quarters of the world

smartphone market, although it has not displaced Apple’s iPad in the tablet market.

Sales figures change all the time, but it is clear that Android is, and will remain, one

of the dominant players in the mobile space.

Android is also available for several specialized platforms. Android Wear brings

Android’s programming model to the smartwatch and wearable environment for uses

such as fitness trackers. Android Auto is designed for controlling the entertainment

units in automobiles. Android TV runs in smart TVs and controllers for not-so-

smart TVs. Finally, Android Things is designed for the embedded market, now

known as “the internet of things” (IoT). Each of these platforms is fascinating, but to

keep the book to a reasonable size, we focus primarily on “regular Android,” Android

for smartphone and tablet applications.

Who This Book Is By

This book was co-written by several dozen Android developers from the Android

community at large. Development occurred in the open, on the Android Cookbook

website, which I built (using Java, of course) to allow people to contribute, view,

review, and comment on the recipes that would make up this book. A complete list

can be found in “Acknowledgments” on page xxi. I am deeply grateful to all the con‐

tributors, who have helped move this book from a dream to the reality that you have

in your hands (or onscreen if you are reading the ebook format). Thank you all!

Who This Book Is For

This book focuses on building Android applications using Java, the native language of

Android applications. It is of course possible to package up a web application as a

mobile app (see Recipe 19.10), but it will be difficult to get the all-important 100%-

correct user experience with all the current features of Android that way.

So. Java. We assume you know the basics of the Java language. If not, see Recipe 1.4.

We also assume you know the basics of the Java Standard Edition API (since this

forms the basis of Android’s runtime libraries) as well as the basics of Android. The

terms Activity, Intent, Service, and content provider, while not necessarily being what

you dream about at night, should at least be familiar to you. But if not, we’ve got you

covered: see Recipe 1.2.

This book differs from the Samples associated with the Android SDK in that it tries to

focus more on how a given piece of technology works, rather than giving you (as

many of the Samples do) a complete, working example that has both been simplified

xiv | Preface

(to use very simple data) and complicated by adding in several “neat” features that are

irrelevant to the problem at hand.

What’s in This Book?

Chapter 1 takes you through the steps of setting up the Android development envi‐

ronment and building several simple applications of the well-known “Hello, World”

type pioneered by Brian Kernighan.

Chapter 2 covers some of the differences in mobile computing that will hit developers

coming from desktop and enterprise software environments, and talks about how

mobile design (in particular, Android design) differs from those other environments.

Testing is often an afterthought for some developers, so we discuss this early on, in

Chapter 3. Not so that you’ll skip it, but so that you’ll read and heed. We talk about

unit testing individual components as well as testing out your entire application in a

well-controlled way.

Android provides a variety of mechanisms for communicating within and across

applications. In Chapter 4 we discuss Intents and broadcast receivers, Services,

AsyncTasks, and handlers.

Chapter 5 covers a range of topics related to graphics, including use of the graphical

drawing and compositing facilities in Android as well as using desktop tools to

develop graphical images, textures, icons, and so on that will be incorporated into

your finished application.

Every mobile app needs a GUI, so Chapter 6 covers the main ins and outs of GUI

development for Android. Examples are given both in XML and, in a few cases, in

Java-coded GUI development.

Chapter 7 covers all the pop-up mechanisms—menus, dialogs, and toasts—and one

that doesn’t pop up but is also for interaction outside your application’s window,

Android’s notification mechanism.

Lists of items are very common in mobile applications on all platforms. Chapter 8

focuses on the “list” components in Android: the ListView and its newer replacement,

the RecyclerView.

Android is rich in multimedia capabilities. Chapter 9 shows how to use the most

important of these.

Chapter 10 shows how to save data into files, databases, and so on—and how to

retrieve it later, of course. Another communication mechanism is about allowing

controlled access to data that is usually in a SQL database. This chapter also shows

you how to make application data available to other applications through something

Preface | xv

This element signifies a warning or caution.

And here is our first warning: the term “I” used in a given recipe

reflects the opinions or experience of that recipe’s contributor, not

necessarily of the book’s editor.

Getting and Using the Code Examples

The code examples in this book vary from a few lines pasted from a complete applica‐

tion through to fully working apps. For those at the “few lines” end of the spectrum,

you should not expect to be able to compile them from what we provide; these are

intended to be merged into your application. All the examples that we have code for

and that are compilable have been merged into a single GitHub repository, which is

the recommended way of getting the source code and keeping it up-to-date. This reposi‐

tory can be accessed at https://github.com/IanDarwin/Android-Cookbook-Examples.

Each directory in the repo contains one example program’s project. As you will see if

you visit this page, GitHub allows you to check out the source repository using the git

clone command. As well, the web page offers the option to download the entire repos‐

itory as a single (large) ZIP file as well as to browse portions of the repository in a

web browser. Using Git will allow you to receive corrections and updates.

Contributors of each recipe also have the option to provide a download URL for their

source code, hosted on some other public repository. These are listed as hyperlinks

for ebook users to download from at the end of each recipe. In each case the archive

file is expected to contain a complete Eclipse or Android Studio project. We have no

control over these other repositories, so if one of them is incomplete, or stops work‐

ing, please refer to the GitHub repository instead.

Almost all code examples originally written for Eclipse now also

contain a build.gradle file so they can be opened directly in

Android Studio as well (see Recipe 1.12 to see how we did this).

Code examples originally written for Android Studio can, in gen‐

eral, not be used by Eclipse without reorganizing the project struc‐

ture.

xviii | Preface

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