Laravel 5入门指南：Laraboot

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"Laraboot: Laravel 5 For Beginners" 是一本由 Bill Keck 编写的书籍，旨在引导初学者入门 Laravel 5.2 框架。这本书于2016年4月4日发布，通过 Leanpub 平台出版，采用 Lean Publishing 方法，即在开发过程中不断迭代并收集读者反馈，以最终形成完善的教材。本书首先介绍了 Laravel 框架的特点，包括其特殊性，如优雅的语法、强大的功能以及对开发者友好的特性。Laravel 的优点包括它丰富的功能集、强大的路由系统、数据库迁移工具、单元测试支持以及Eloquent ORM。然而，它也有一些不足，例如学习曲线相对较陡峭，以及与其他PHP框架相比，可能需要更多的时间来熟悉。作者 Bill Keck 选择 Laravel 是因为它提供了高效的工作流程和卓越的开发体验。他写作本书的目的是为了让新手能够快速掌握 Laravel 的基础知识，并通过实践操作来理解这个框架。书中的“Artisan”章节讨论了Laravel自带的命令行工具，用于简化许多开发任务。此外，书中还提到了 MySql，作为Laravel常用的数据存储解决方案。对于想要学习 Laravel 的读者，本书建议具备基本的PHP知识，可以通过 W3 Schools 进行学习。同时，了解HTML和CSS的基础，以及JavaScript的基本概念也是必要的。如果在阅读过程中发现错误或需要更新，可以通过联系作者 Bill Keck 或访问 Laraboot 在GitHub上的页面来获取最新信息。接下来的章节深入到开发环境的设置，包括在MAC或Windows环境下使用MAMP、选择合适的集成开发环境(IDE)、理解Composer（PHP的依赖管理工具）的作用，以及确保使用符合要求的PHP版本。安装过程中还会涉及Homebrew（MAC上的包管理器）、Git版本控制系统以及熟悉命令行界面的使用。在后续章节，书中将详细介绍如何通过Composer安装Laravel，如何在IDE中创建项目，以及如何配置本地主机文件和虚拟主机条目以启动和运行Laravel应用。总结起来，"Laraboot: Laravel 5 For Beginners" 是一本面向PHP初学者的教程，它系统地介绍了如何搭建Laravel开发环境，以及如何安装和使用Laravel框架。通过这本书，读者可以逐步掌握Laravel的基础知识，从而开启他们的Web开发之旅。

Chapter 1: Introduction 5

and documentation that often seemed intentionally obscure. I found plenty of tutorials that will

show you how something works without explaining why it works. But the why is important. It

provides context. And until I got to a certain level with programming, people seemed unwilling to

help me understand it, almost rude in their responses to questions.

On the other hand, there were some that really were willing to go the extra step. Ever since then,

I’ve made it my mission to try to be as clear as possible with my tutorials and books, to try to explain

the “why” behind what we are doing.

When I had to start over with Laravel, I had the obvious pain of having to learn everything from

scratch. So I took notes and I started my Laravel Tips blog as way to help remember what I was

doing and to also share what I was learning.

That worked out well and the blog gets a lot of traffic and a lot of positive comments from

programmers from all over the world. It’s satisfying to know that it helps people.

Then one day I realized I reached a level where I knew enough to help people with the deeper parts

of the framework by writing this book, going into longer examples that weren’t as well suited to

online tutorials, so I jumped in and did it and the Laraboot template was born.

So let me sum up by saying I’m committed to helping you learn Laravel, committed to helping

you learn how to build the re-usable template, because I know exactly how you feel when you get

frustrated, if something you are trying to learn isn’t clear. I will do my best to make things clear and

be as helpful as I can to help you meet your programming goals.

Artisan

Laravel has this wonderful command line tool name Artisan. You will find yourself typing the

following on the command line:

php artisan make:

I will explain how we use this tool in detail, but notice the choice of words in the command. Imagine

you are the artisan in command of the code. You are the php Artisan. It’s a nice feeling. Eventually,

you will experience this for yourself.

I just wanted to point this out as an example of Laravel’s superior syntax. It reinforces your

relationship to the work. It’s baked into everything you do and promotes a pleasurable coding

experience. These little syntactic hooks work wonders…

MySql

Throughout this book we use Mysql as the database, which, in addition to being free, is capable of

powering enterprise data for web applications.

Chapter 1: Introduction 6

Because of the structure of the database, with its indexes and primary keys, a database can serve

data very efficiently. In the simplest terms, this means it is very fast. It’s also very deep. It can hold

millions of records, which can be retrieved, if structured properly, in milliseconds.

Another key aspect of the database is that it allows us to structure the data in such a way as to

connect things like the user’s address and their username as if they were one record, but hold them

in separate tables as separate records. The more you can break down the data structure into discrete

components like that, the more powerful it is. This is called normalization of data.

The problem is that the more refined the database is, the more effectively normalized it is, the more

complex it is to deal with in PHP. You end up having to connect a lot of PHP models together to

represent the data correctly.

Now this might be getting too granular for an introduction, so we won’t take this much further for

now, but the point is to understand the nature of the problem that the framework helps to solve. The

easier it is for you to connect the models via the framework, the more power you derive from your

database. Laravel is awesome at this task as we will see later in the book.

Documentation

Taylor Otwell personally wrote the documentation for Laravel and he did an excellent job. His feel

for programming syntax is matched by his feel for English syntax. The docs are well-organized and

easy to understand.

It’s important for you to be used to referencing the docs because you will have to do so often, unless

you have a photographic memory. I will show you how great the docs are later in the book when

we are in workflow.

I don’t know if you will do it, but I highly recommend you read the documentation start to finish,

it will help you be familiar with where everything is. Don’t worry if you don’t understand it all, we

will explore things in detail in this book with specific examples.

Minimum PHP Skills

Franz Kafka once said, “The Messiah will only come when he is no longer needed…”

It’s another way of saying you only get the answer when you no longer need it. Learning a Php

framework is simple as long as you are a skilled PHP programmer. Quite often PHP is a second or

third language for a programmer who is already proficient in an object oriented language like C or

Java, so learning PHP is just a matter of adjusting syntax and they pick it up quickly. That’s great

for ninjas, but what happens if you are just learning your first programming language?

I’ve already mentioned how difficult learning can be, and as someone who learned PHP as a first

programming language, I can tell you from direct experience that moving from beginner to advanced

is hard because there is not a lot of support for the middle ground.

Chapter 1: Introduction 7

If you search online, you either find incredibly complex examples involving multiple interfaces with

nested objects or examples that are so rudimentary that, while they are easy to understand, they do

nothing to advance your abilities.

Working with Laravel will help you enormously along this path, but you need some understanding

of object-oriented PHP before diving in. You can get this from a variety of sources online.

I got my first taste of PHP from thenewboston.org, which has 200 videos on PHP. Great for an

introduction, but not much more, since it’s kind of dated at this point.

I followed that up with a quick read of Richard Reese’s book on Java, which helped me understand

object-oriented programming better, since everything in Java involves a class. Also, when I looked

at PHP again, it seemed simpler. I also went through the basics at:

W3 Schools

W3schools.com is a great learning resource. You can play with the code online at that site.

And then of course there is:

Php.net

Php.net is where we find all the docs for the language and sometimes very complicated examples. I

learned a lot there and got lost a lot too, that’s the way it goes. Try it, you’ll see what I mean.

At any rate, to be able to work with Laravel, you should understand the basics about objects, arrays,

and control structures like foreach loops. You should know the components of a class, properties and

methods, etc. Take a look at:

OOP for Beginners

You should be able to get through that tutorial very easily. If not, go back and study it before trying

to tackle Laravel. Also, Laravel uses PHP 5.5.9 and above, which supports new array syntax and

namespaces, both of which will be utilized extensively. I never use the old array syntax.

If you are light on programming experience, but full of enthusiasm, you should do well, as long as

you are willing to do the work and are patient. At any point, if you don’t understand something,

you can stop and take the time to research it on Google or stackoverflow or PHP.net.

PHP is a well- documented and well-supported language, used by countless programmers who will

try to help you. Laravel itself is well-documented and well-supported.

Also, I took a lot of care to label the subsections of this book, so you can easily find what you

are looking for, if you need to refer back to it. Many times you will want to return to a section to

reference something and I’ve done my best to make that as intuitive as possible.

Chapter 1: Introduction 8

MInimum HTML and CSS skills

The purpose of building our template is to serve it on the web, so it’s inevitable that we will use html

and css. If they were handing out prizes for the world’s worst front-end designer, I would probably

be in the running to win.

Luckily, with Twitter Bootstrap, developing the front-end is a lot easier than it used to be, and

because of that, our Laraboot template is mobile responsive and very professional looking.

I don’t go too deep in teach html, so the more familiarity you have with it, the more you will

understand it. That said, all the html code you need for the Laraboot template will be provided.

Minimum Javascript Skills

I do my best to try to keep the use of javascript as minimal as possible. Obviously, since we are using

Twitter Bootstrap, we have a dependency on jquery. I provide full instructions on how to set all that

up, so you don’t have to be an expert with javascript to follow the book.

Errata

Although I have poured over every line of code in this book at least a hundred times and built the

examples from scratch twice just to make sure I could follow the directions, mistakes are bound to

happen, such is the nature of technical writing. I am actively updating errata as I go, so I do hope to

be able to quickly correct any errata I am made aware of. You can help by emailing me if you find

something, everyone will appreciate it.

Formatting Tip:

In certain cases, I had to format my code using two lines where one would be appropriate, in order

to avoid line breaks from the word-wrapping in PDF and other formats. The word-wrapping in PDF

causes special characters to appear, which break the code, so I had to avoid that the best I could.

As a result, I’m not recommending you follow the code examples as an example of style. I would

recommend following the PSR-2 Guide, available here:

PSR-2 Coding Style Guide

I will also be supplying Gists for each block of code that we write in the book, where the block of

code exceeds 3 lines. These come directly from my IDE, so it is verified working code. If you don’t

know what a Gist is, don’t worry, we will cover it in detail later.

Contact Bill Keck

LeanPub provides a contact link at the bottom of the book’s landing page, so feel free to contact me

there:

Chapter 1: Introduction 9

Email Bill Keck

You can also leave a comment for me at my Laravel Tips blog:

Laravel Tips

My blog is also a good source of tutorials and tips. Please feel free to leave a comment.

Please note the purchase price of this book does not include technical support. That said, I am actively

following the Laravel Tips blog, and generally, I do respond to questions.

The fastest way to overcome errors is to Google it, most likely someone has come accross the same

problem. Also, please keep in mind that Laravel is continually being developed and new versions

may not support the code offered in this book. This is not unusual for programming books.

I’m going to do my best to stay on top of that, but there can be times when Laravel has made a

version change that I have not accounted for yet. Once I’m aware of an issue, I can typically fix it

quickly, so please do your part and notify me if you notice a versioning problem.

I will mention it numerous times and in numerous places that updates to this book are available

to you for free for the life of the book. Simply login to your leanpub.com account to get the latest

version.

Update notices for major updates go out by email. Minor updates simply get published, and these

will typically just cover a typo.

To see if you have the latest version, you can go to the leanpub.com landing page for the book and

look at the last updated date, which will show you when my last commit was.

Also, beginners will face a high volume of error messages due to typos and missed code on their

part. It’s perfectly fine and part of the learning process. You will learn more from troubleshooting

bugs than you will from simply copying and pasting code.

In most cases, you will find the answers to your problems if you are patient. Laravel forums are an

excellent source of support and there are many great programmers that will help you. Always do

your best to try to solve the problem first because it would be foolish to tie up a programmer’s time

with support requests over typos. Nevertheless, that is bound to happen. Just remember to be polite

and considerate of others and you will do great.

Laraboot on Github

I have the repository for Laraboot live on Github here:

Laraboot

That is the repository for the full template. You might want to favorite it.

Something to keep in mind there. First, if you are working along in the book, use the book code

or even better, use the gists I supply because that will be the code relevant to the chapter you are

working on.

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