Physics Letters B 785 (2018) 175–183
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Physics Letters B
www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb
An analogue of Schur functions for the plane partitions
A. Morozov
a,b,∗
a
ITEP, Moscow, Russia
b
IITP, Moscow, Russia
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history:
Received
6 August 2018
Received
in revised form 20 August 2018
Accepted
23 August 2018
Available
online 30 August 2018
Editor:
M. Cveti
ˇ
c
An attempt is described to extend the notion of Schur functions from Young diagrams to plane partitions.
The suggestion is to use the recursion in the partition size, which is easily generalized and deformed. This
opens a possibility to obtain Macdonald polynomials by a change of recursion coefficients and taking
appropriate limit from three to two dimensions – though details still remain to be worked out.
© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP
3
.
1. Introduction
Characters are the central objects in physical applications of group theory, because they describe invariant objects, which take values in
numbers, still are often sufficient to capture important properties of correlators, amplitudes and partition functions. Especially interesting
from this point of view is reformulation [1]of matrix models in terms of remarkable identity
character
=
charact er (1)
where “characters” at the two sides are basically the same Schur functions, only of different arguments – quantum fields at the l.h.s.
and couplings (including matrix sizes) at the r.h.s. This result reflects superintegrability (a combination of ordinary KP integrability and
Ward–Virasoro constraints, reviewed in [2]) and is closely related to combinatorial treatment of matrix models in [3], see [4]for details
and references. In [5], following the general logic of non-linear algebra [6], this relation was extended from matrix to tensor models, where
one can find a very nice tensorial analogue of Schur functions, despite most group theory structures are lost. Another extension [7]is to
discrete matrix models, where ordinary integrals become Jackson sums and Schur functions are substituted by Macdonald polynomials.
However, in this direction one naturally wants to go further – to full-fledged generalization from Young diagrams to plane partitions
and from matrix to network models [8], AGT-related to 6d SYM theories. An important step of this kind was made in [9], but fully-3d
formulation
was not quite achieved. In this paper we make a kind of a complementary attempt – from another side. Hopefully, the two
approaches can be unified and provide a much better understanding. In this paper we concentrate on ideally-symmetric 3d extension of
Schur functions and only comment on the way to Macdonald deformation.
Schur
functions S
λ
{p
k
} are labeled by Young diagrams (integer partitions) λ and therefore depend on the one-parametric family of
time-variables p
k
, which are the variables in the corresponding partition function. Indeed, the states are
{
m}
=
∞
k=1
p
m
k
k
, and their
generating function is
{m}
∞
k=1
p
m
k
k
q
km
k
=
∞
k=1
1
1 − p
k
q
k
, (2)
so that the number of states is described by
*
Correspondence to: ITEP, Moscow, Russia.
E-mail
address: morozov@itep.ru.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.08.042
0370-2693/
© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by
SCOAP
3
.