精通vi与Vim编辑器：权威指南

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"Learning the vi and Vim Editors 是一本权威的关于vi和Vim编辑器的使用教程，适合想要深入理解和掌握这两个编辑器的用户。这本书可能涵盖了vi和Vim的基础操作、高级技巧、快捷键、宏定义、插件使用等方面的内容，旨在帮助用户提高编辑效率，提升编程和文本处理的能力。此外，书中可能还会介绍如何在不同的Unix或类Unix系统中使用这些编辑器，以及如何将它们集成到日常的工作流中。" 在IT行业中，vi和Vim编辑器是极其重要的工具，尤其对于系统管理员、程序员以及任何需要高效编辑文本的用户来说。vi（Visual Editor）是Unix系统中的一个标准文本编辑器，而Vim（Vi IMproved）是vi的增强版本，添加了更多的功能和改进，例如支持语法高亮、可视化模式和脚本扩展等。 1. **基础操作**：vi/Vim启动后默认处于命令模式，此时用户可以移动光标、删除文本、复制和粘贴。按`i`进入插入模式，可以直接输入文本；按`Esc`返回命令模式。 2. **命令模式**：在命令模式下，可以执行如`dd`删除一行，`yy`复制一行，`p`粘贴，`u`撤销，`/pattern`搜索模式等操作。 3. **可视模式**：通过`:Visual`或`V`进入可视行模式，或`Ctrl + v`进入可视块模式，可以选中文本进行操作，如删除、复制和替换。 4. **寄存器**：vi/Vim有多个寄存器，可以存储复制或删除的文本，用`"0`到`"`9`和`"a`到`"z`来引用。 5. **宏**：录制和播放一系列操作，通过`q`开始录制，`q`停止并保存到指定寄存器，`@`加寄存器名来播放。 6. **模式匹配与替换**：`:s/pattern/replacement`命令用于替换当前行中的模式，`:g/pattern/s//replacement`则在整个文件中替换所有匹配的模式。 7. **脚本和插件**：Vim支持自定义脚本，允许用户编写插件以扩展其功能，如NERDCommenter用于代码注释，YouCompleteMe提供智能补全等。 8. **配置文件**：`.vimrc`是Vim的配置文件，用户可以在其中设定个人偏好，如颜色方案、快捷键绑定等。 9. **学习路径**：初学者可以从基础操作开始，逐渐掌握高级技巧，如使用`:help`命令获取内置的帮助，参与在线社区讨论，阅读相关书籍和教程。 10. **相关资源**：除了本书，O'Reilly还提供了其他相关书籍，如《vi Editor Pocket Reference》、《Unix in a Nutshell》、《Classic Shell Scripting》等，帮助读者进一步提升Unix技能。通过深入学习和实践vi/Vim，用户不仅可以提高文本编辑效率，还能更好地理解和适应Unix/Linux环境，提升自身的IT专业素养。O'Reilly Media的在线平台，如Safari Bookshelf，提供了丰富的参考材料和即时解答问题的功能，是学习和提升技能的重要资源。

Chapter 8, Introduction to the vi Clones, provides an introduction to the extensions

available in the four vi clones covered in this book. It centralizes in one place the

descriptions of multiwindow editing, GUI interfaces, extended regular expressions,

facilities that make editing easier, and several other features, providing a roadmap to

what follows in the rest of this book. It also provides a pointer to source code for the

original vi, which can be compiled easily on modern Unix systems (including GNU/

Linux).

Part II, Vim, describes Vim, the most popular vi clone in the early part of the 21st

century.

Chapter 9, Vim (vi Improved): An Introduction, provides a general introduction to Vim,

including where to get binary versions for popular operating systems and some of the

different ways to use Vim.

Chapter 10, Major Vim Improvements over vi, describes the major improvements in

Vim over vi, such as built-in help, control over initialization, additional motion com-

mands, and extended regular expressions.

Chapter 11, Multiple Windows in Vim, focuses on multiwindow editing, which is per-

haps the most significant additional feature over standard vi. This chapter provides all

the details on creating and using multiple windows.

Chapter 12, Vim Scripts, looks into the Vim command language, which lets you write

scripts to customize and tailor Vim to suit your needs. Much of Vim’s ease of use “out

of the box” comes from the large number of scripts that other users have already written

and contributed to the Vim distribution.

Chapter 13, Graphical Vim (gvim), looks at Vim in modern GUI environments, such

as those that are now standard on commercial Unix systems, GNU/Linux and other

Unix work-alikes, and MS Windows.

Chapter 14, Vim Enhancements for Programmers, focuses on Vim’s use as a program-

mer’s editor, above and beyond its facilities for general text editing. Of particular value

are the folding and outlining facilities, smart indenting, syntax highlighting, and edit-

compile-debug cycle speedups.

Chapter 15, Other Cool Stuff in Vim, is a bit of a catch-all chapter, covering a number

of interesting points that don’t fit into the earlier chapters.

Part III, Other vi Clones, describes three other popular vi clones: nvi, elvis, and vile.

Chapter 16, nvi: New vi, Chapter 17, Elvis, and Chapter 18, vile: vi Like Emacs, cover

the various vi clones—nvi, elvis, and vile—showing you how to use their extensions

to vi and discussing the features that are specific to each one.

Part IV, Appendixes, provides useful reference material.

xiv | Preface

Appendix A, The vi, ex, and Vim Editors, lists all vi and ex commands, sorted by func-

tion. It also provides an alphabetical list of ex commands. Selected vi and ex commands

from Vim are also included.

Appendix B, Setting Options, lists set command options for vi and for all four clones.

Appendix C, Problem Checklists, consolidates checklists found earlier in the book.

Appendix D, vi and the Internet, describes vi’s place in the larger Unix and Internet

culture.

How the Material Is Presented

Our philosophy is to give you a good overview of what we feel are vi survival materials

for the new user. Learning a new editor, especially an editor with all the options of

vi, can seem like an overwhelming task. We have made an effort to present basic con-

cepts and commands in an easy-to-read and logical manner.

After providing the basics for vi, which are usable everywhere, we move on to cover

Vim in depth. We then round out our coverage of the vi landscape by looking at nvi,

elvis, and vile. The following sections describe the conventions used in this book.

Discussion of vi Commands

A picture of a keyboard button, like the one on the left, marks the main discussion

of that particular keyboard command or of related commands. You will find a

brief introduction to the main concept before it is broken down into task-oriented

sections. We then present the appropriate command to use in each case, along with a

description of the command and the proper syntax for using it.

Conventions

In syntax descriptions and examples, what you would actually type is shown in the

Courier font, as are all command names. Filenames are also shown in Courier, as are

program options. Variables (which you would not type literally, but would replace with

an actual value when you type the command) are shown in Courier italic. Brackets

indicate that a variable is optional. For example, in the syntax line:

vi [filename]

filename would be replaced by an actual filename. The brackets indicate that the vi

command can be invoked without specifying a filename at all. The brackets themselves

are not typed.

Preface | xv

Certain examples show the effect of commands typed at the Unix shell prompt. In such

examples, what you actually type is shown in Courier Bold, to distinguish it from the

system response. For example:

$ ls

ch01.xml ch02.xml ch03.xml ch04.xml

In code examples, italic indicates a comment that is not to be typed. Otherwise, italic

introduces special terms and emphasizes anything that needs emphasis.

Following traditional Unix documentation convention, references of the form

printf(3) refer to the online manual (accessed via the man command). This example refers

to the entry for the printf( ) function in section 3 of the manual (you would type man

3 printf on most systems to see it).

Keystrokes

Special keystrokes are shown in a box. For example:

iWith a ESC

Throughout the book, you will also find columns of vi commands and their results:

Keystrokes Results

"practice" [New file] 6 lines, 320 characters

Give the write and save command, ZZ. Your file is saved as a regular Unix file.

In the preceding example, the command ZZ is shown in the left column. In the window

to the right is a line (or several lines) of the screen that show the result of the command.

Cursor position is shown in reverse video. In this instance, since ZZ saves and writes

the file, you see the status line shown when a file is written; the cursor position is not

shown. Below the window is an explanation of the command and its result.

Sometimes vi commands are issued by pressing the CTRL key and another key si-

multaneously. In the text, this combination keystroke is usually written within a box

(for example, CTRL-G). In code examples, it is written by preceding the name of the

key with a caret (^). For example, ^G means to hold down CTRL while pressing the

G key.

Problem Checklist

A problem checklist is included in those sections where you may run into some trouble.

You can skim these checklists and go back to them when you actually encounter a

problem. All of the problem checklists are also collected in Appendix C, for ease of

reference.

xvi | Preface

and find quick answers when you need the most accurate, current information. Try it

for free at http://safari.oreilly.com.

About the Previous Editions

In the fifth edition of this book (then called Learning the vi Editor), the ex editor com-

mands were first discussed more fully. In Chapters 5, 6, and 7, the complex features of

ex and vi were clarified by adding more examples, in topics such as regular expression

syntax, global replacement, .exrc files, word abbreviations, keyboard maps, and edit-

ing scripts. A few of the examples were drawn from articles in Unix World magazine.

Walter Zintz wrote a two-part tutorial

on vi that taught us a few things we didn’t

know, and that also had a lot of clever examples illustrating features we did already

cover in the book. Ray Swartz also had a helpful tip in one of his columns.

†

We are

grateful for the ideas in these articles.

The sixth edition of Learning the vi Editor introduced coverage of four freely available

“clones,” or work-alike editors. Many of them have improvements over the original

vi. One could thus say that there is a “family” of vi editors, and the book’s goal was

to teach you what you need to know to use them. That edition treated nvi, Vim,

elvis, and vile equally.

The sixth edition also added the following features:

• Many minor corrections and additions were made to the basic text.

• For each chapter where appropriate, a command summary was added at the end.

• New chapters covered each vi clone, the features and/or extensions common to

two or more of the clones, and multiwindow editing.

• The chapters for each vi clone described a bit of that program’s history and goals,

its unique features, and where to get it.

• A new appendix described vi’s place in the larger Unix and Internet culture.

Preface to the Seventh Edition

This seventh edition of Learning the vi and Vim Editors retains all the good features of

the sixth edition. Time has proven Vim to be the most popular vi clone, so this edition

adds considerably expanded coverage of that editor (and gives it a place in the title).

However, to be relevant for as many users as possible, we have retained and updated

the material on nvi, elvis, and vile.

“vi Tips for Power Users,” Unix World, April 1990; and “Using vi to Automate Complex Edits,” Unix

World, May 1990. Both articles by Walter Zintz. (See Appendix D for the web location of these articles.)

†

“Answers to Unix,” Unix World, August 1990.

xviii | Preface

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