10Gb/s网络开发：深入理解802.3ae协议

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"802.3ae协议是网络开发中的一个重要标准，它定义了10吉比特以太网（10 Gigabit Ethernet）的媒体访问控制（MAC）参数、物理层规范和管理参数。这份文档是IEEE Std 802.3ae-2002，是对IEEE Std 802.3-2002的修正版，由电气和电子工程师协会（IEEE）发布，旨在提供高速率的数据传输解决方案，主要应用于局域网（LAN）和城域网（MAN）环境。" 802.3ae协议是IEEE 802.3标准的一个扩展，这个标准是定义以太网技术的基础，而802.3ae专注于10吉比特以太网的实现，即10Gbps的网络速度。协议的组成部分包括以下几个关键方面： 1. **媒体访问控制（MAC）参数**：802.3ae规定了在高带宽环境下如何有效管理多个设备同时访问网络的机制。这涉及到CSMA/CD（载波监听多路访问/冲突检测）的适应性，尽管在10吉比特速率下，由于极短的冲突检测时间，CSMA/CD的实际应用已经不再适用。 2. **物理层（PHY）规范**：该标准定义了用于10吉比特以太网的物理层接口，包括光缆和电缆传输。物理层负责数据编码、信号传输和接收，以及与物理介质的连接。802.3ae支持多种物理层实现，如单模光纤、多模光纤和铜线，以满足不同应用场景的需求。 3. **管理参数**：这部分涵盖了网络设备管理和配置的协议，如SNMP（简单网络管理协议）和其他网络管理框架，确保设备能够正确地识别、配置和监控10吉比特以太网链路。 802.3ae标准的发布对于推动高速网络的发展起到了关键作用，使得数据中心、企业网络、高性能计算等领域能够实现快速、可靠的数据传输。随着技术的进步，后来的修订和更新，如802.3ak（40 Gigabit Ethernet）和802.3ba（100 Gigabit Ethernet），进一步提升了以太网的速度上限，但802.3ae作为10吉比特以太网的基石，其影响至今仍然显著。由于这份标准已被后续的标准所取代，例如被标记为"Superseded"，意味着可能有新的修正或修正案来改进或更新原始规范。不过，对于理解10吉比特以太网的起源和技术基础，802.3ae仍然是一个重要的参考文献。对于网络开发者、系统架构师和IT专业人士来说，了解并掌握这些基础知识是至关重要的。

IEEE

CSMA/CD Std 802.3ae-2002

Change the ﬁrst sentence in 1.1.2 to read as follows:

There are two important ways to view local area

network (LAN) design, corresponding to the following:

1.1.2.2 Compatibility interfaces

Change the ﬁrst sentence in 1.1.2.2 to read as follows:

veThe following important compatibility interfaces are deﬁned within what is architecturally the Physical

Layer.

Change item d) in 1.1.2.2 to read as follows:

Gigabit Media Independent Interface (GMII).

The GMII is designed to connect a 1 Gb/s capable

gigabit-capable MAC or repeater unit to a 1 Gb/s gigabit PHY. While conformance with implemen-

tation of this interface is not strictly necessary to ensure communication, it is highly recommended,

since it allows maximum ﬂexibility in intermixing PHYs and DTEs at 1 Gb/s

gigabit speeds. The

GMII is intended for use as a chip-to-chip interface. No mechanical connector is speciﬁed for use

with the GMII. The GMII is optional.

Insert the following lettered items at the end of subclause 1.1.2.2:

10 Gigabit Media Independent Interface (XGMII).

The XGMII is designed to connect a 10 Gb/s

capable MAC to a 10 Gb/s PHY. While conformance with implementation of this interface is not

strictly necessary to ensure communication, it is highly recommended, since it allows maximum

ﬂexibility in intermixing PHYs and DTEs at 10 Gb/s speeds. The XGMII is intended for use as a

chip-to-chip interface. No mechanical connector is speciﬁed for use with the XGMII. The XGMII is

optional.

10 Gigabit

Attachment Unit Interface (XAUI).

The XAUI is designed to extend the connection

between a 10 Gb/s capable MAC and a 10 Gb/s PHY. While conformance with implementation of

this interface is not strictly necessary to ensure communication, it is highly recommended, since it

allows maximum ﬂexibility in intermixing PHYs and DTEs at 10 Gb/s speeds. The XAUI is

intended for use as a chip-to-chip interface. No mechanical connector is speciﬁed for use with the

XAUI. The XAUI is optional.

10 Gigabit Sixteen-Bit Interface (XSBI).

The XSBI is provided as a physical instantiation of the

PMA service interface for 10GBASE-R and 10GBASE-W PHYs. While conformance with

implementation of this interface is not strictly necessary to ensure communication, it is highly rec-

ommended, since it provides a convenient partition between the high-frequency circuitry associated

with the PMA sublayer and the logic functions associated with the PCS and MAC sublayers. The

XSBI is intended for use as a chip-to-chip interface. No mechanical connector is speciﬁed for use

with the XSBI. The XSBI is optional.

1.1.4 Application areas

Change 1.1.4 to read as follows:

The applications en

vironment for the LAN is intended to be commercial and light industrial. Use of CSMA/

CD LANs in home or heavy industrial environments, while not precluded, is not considered within the scope

of this standard.

Use of this standard is not restricted to any speciﬁc environments or applications.

SUPERSEDED

IEEE

Std 802.3ae-2002 AMENDMENT TO IEEE Std 802.3

In the conte

xt of this standard, the term “LAN” is used to indicate all networks that utilize the 802.3 (Ether-

net) protocol for communication. These may include (but are not limited to) LANs and MANs.

1.2.1 State diagram conventions

Change the ﬁfth paragraph in 1.2.1 to read as follows:

Some devices described in this standard (e.g., repeaters) are allowed to have two or more ports. State dia-

grams that are capable of describing the operation of devices with an unspeciﬁed number of ports,

require a

qualiﬁer notation that allows testing for conditions at multiple ports. The notation used is a term that

includes a description in parentheses of which ports must meet the term for the qualiﬁer to be satisﬁed (e.g.,

ANY and ALL). It is also necessary to provide for term-assignment statements that assign a name to a port

that satisﬁes a qualiﬁer. The following convention is used to describe a term-assignment statement that is

associated with a transition:

Add the following subclause after 1.2.4:

1.2.5

Hexadecimal notation

Numerical v

alues designated by the 0x preﬁx indicate a hexadecimal interpretation of the corresponding

number. For example: 0x0F represents an 8-bit hexadecimal value of the decimal number 15; 0x00000000

represents a 32-bit hexadecimal value of the decimal number 0; etc.

1.3 Normative references

Insert the following references in alphabetic order into the reference list in 1.3:

ANSI

T1.105-1995, Telecommunications—Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)—Basic Description

including Multiplex Structure, Rates and Formats.

ANSI T1.269-2000, Information Interchange—Structure and Representation of Trace Message formats for

the North American Telecommunications System.

ANSI T1.416-1999, Telecommunications—Network to Customer Installation Interfaces—Synchronous

Optical Network (SONET) Physical Layer Speciﬁcation: Common Criteria.

ANSI X3.230-1994 (FC-PH), Information Technology—Fibre Channel—Physical and Signaling Interface.

ANSI/TIA/EIA-455-175A-92; Chromatic Dispersion Measurement of Single-Mode Optical Fibers by the

Differential Phase-Shift Method.

ANSI/TIA/EIA-455-203-2001; Launched Power Distribution Measurement Procedure for Graded-Index

Multimode Transmitters.

ANSI/TIA/EIA-455-204-2000; Measurement of Bandwidth on Multimode Fiber.

ANSI/TIA/EIA-526-4A-1997 (OFSTP-4A), Optical Eye Pattern Measurement Procedure.

SUPERSEDED

IEEE

CSMA/CD Std 802.3ae-2002

ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3-2000; Optical Fiber Cabling Components Standard.

EIA/JEDEC Standard EIA/JESD8-6, High Speed Transceiver Logic (HSTL), August 1995.

IEC 60793-1-41: 2001, Optical ﬁbres—Part 1-41: Measurement methods and test procedures—Bandwidth.

IEC 60825-1: 2001, Edition 1.2, Consolidated Edition; Safety of Laser Products—Part 1: Equipment classi-

ﬁcation, requirements and user’s guide.

IEC 61753-1-1: 2000, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components performance standard -

Part 1-1: General and guidance—Interconnecting devices (connectors).

IEC 61753-021-2 (2002-07), Fibre optic passive component performance standard—Part 021-2: Fibre optic

connectors terminated on single-mode ﬁbre to category C Controlled environment.

IEC 61753-022-2, Performance standard—Part 022-2: Fibre optic connectors terminated on multimode ﬁbre

for Category C—Controlled environment.

INCITS-TR-25:1999—Fibre Channel Methodologies for Jitter Speciﬁ

cation.

ITU-T Recommendation G.652, 2000—Characteristics of a single-mode optical ﬁbre cable.

ITU-T Recommendation G.691, 2000—Optical interfaces for single-channel STM-64, STM-256 and other

SDH systems with optical ampliﬁers.

ITU-T Recommendation G.957, 1999—Optical interfaces for equipments and systems relating to the syn-

chronous digital hierarchy (SDH).

ITU-T Recommendation O.150, 1996—General requirements for instrumentation for performance measure-

ments on digital transmission equipment.

ITU-T Recommendation O.172, 1999—Jitter and wander measuring equipment for digital systems which

are based on the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH).

TIA-492AAAC-2002; Detail Speciﬁcation for 850-nm Laser-Optimized, 50-um core diameter/125-um clad-

ding diameter class Ia graded-index multimode optical ﬁbers.

1.4 Deﬁnitions

Delete deﬁnition 1.4.250. Renumber the deﬁnitions that follow.

1.4.250 side str

eam scrambling

A data scrambling technique, used by 100BASE-T2 to randomize the

sequence of transmitted symbols and avoid the presence of spectral lines in the signal spectrum. Synchroni-

zation of the scrambler and descrambler of connected PHYs is required prior to operation.

EIA publications are available from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, Colorado 80112, USA

(http://global.ihs.com/). JEDEC publications are available from JEDEC, 2001 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA.

IEC 61753-022-2 is under development and not available at this time. Its anticipated publication date is April 2003. Until the IEC stan-

dard is available, users are encouraged to reference ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3-2000 in its place.

INCITS publications are available from http://www.incits.org.

SUPERSEDED

IEEE

Std 802.3ae-2002 AMENDMENT TO IEEE Std 802.3

Change deﬁnition 1.4.89 to read as follows:

1.4.89 compatibility interfaces:

The Medium Dependent Interf

ace (MDI) cable, the Attachment Unit Inter-

face (AUI) branch cable, and the Media Independent Interface (MII); the three points at which hardware

compatibility is deﬁned to allow connection of independently designed and manufactured components to a

baseband transmission medium. (See IEEE 802.3 Clause 8.) Several hardware points of attachment have

been deﬁned by this standard to allow connection of independently designed and manufactured components

to the transmission medium. See 1.1.2.2.

Insert the following deﬁnitions at the end of 1.4. These deﬁnitions will be renumbered in alphabetic order

in a future edition of this standard, placed in the proper sequence with other deﬁnitions.

1.4.xxx

10 Gigabit Attachment Unit Interface (XAUI):

The interface between two 10 Gigabit Extender

Sublayers (XGXS) to extend the reach of the XGMII for 10 Gb/s operation. (See IEEE 802.3 Clause 47.)

1.4.xxx

10 Gigabit Media Independent Interface (XGMII):

The interface between the Reconciliation

Sublayer (RS) and the Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS) for 10 Gb/s operation. (See IEEE 802.3 Clause 46.)

1.4.xxx

10 Gigabit Sixteen-Bit Interface (XSBI):

The interface between the Physical Coding Sublayer

(PCS) in 10GBASE-R or the WAN Interface Sublayer (WIS) in 10GBASE-W and the Physical Medium

Attachment (PMA) sublayer for 10 Gb/s operation. (See IEEE 802.3 Clause 51.)

1.4.xxx

anomaly:

A discrepanc

y between the actual and desired characteristics of an item. This deﬁnition is

derived from ANSI T1.416-1999 and ANSI T1.105-1995, which take precedence.

1.4.xxx

bit interleaved parity N (BIP-N):

A method of error monitoring using even (or odd) parity, such

that an N-bit codeword is generated over a speciﬁed portion of an input data stream in such a manner that the

i-th bit of the codeword provides even (or odd) parity over the i-th bit of all N-bit sequences in the covered

portion of the data stream. This deﬁnition is derived from ANSI T1.416-1999 and ANSI T1.105-1995, which

take precedence.

1.4.xxx

container:

An SDH term that is equivalent to the payload capacity of a synchronous payload enve-

lope. This deﬁnition is derived from ANSI T1.416-1999 and ANSI T1.105-1995, which take precedence.

1.4.xxx

defect:

A limited interruption in the ability of an item to perform a required function. This deﬁnition

is derived from ANSI T1.416-1999 and ANSI T1.105-1995, which take precedence.

1.4.xxx

fixed stuff:

Null or padding octets inserted to compensate for the bandwidth dif

ferences between the

byte interleaving and the concatenation rules of SONET/SDH. This deﬁnition is derived from ANSI T1.416-

1999 and ANSI T1.105-1995, which take precedence.

1.4.xxx

jitter:

The deviation from the ideal timing of an event at the mean amplitude of the signal popula-

tion. Low-frequency deviations are tracked by the clock recovery circuit, and do not directly affect the tim-

ing allocations within a bit cell. Jitter that is not tracked by the clock recovery circuit directly affects the

timing allocations in a bit cell. Total Jitter (TJ) is composed of Deterministic Jitter (DJ) and Random Jitter

(RJ). Deterministic Jitter is characterized by its bounded peak-to-peak value and a non-Gaussian probability

density function. Four kinds of Deterministic Jitter are identiﬁed by their speciﬁc causes: duty cycle distor-

tion, data dependent, sinusoidal, and uncorrelated (to the data). Random Jitter is characterized by a Gaussian

distribution. For example, Random Jitter is the peak-to-peak value at approximately 14 times the standard

deviation of the Gaussian distribution for a BER of 10E-12, if the jitter population consists of only Gaussian

components.

SUPERSEDED

IEEE

CSMA/CD Std 802.3ae-2002

1.4.xxx

lane:

A bundle of signals that constitutes a logical subset of a point-to-point interconnect. A lane

contains enough signals to communicate a quantum of data and/or control information between the two end-

points.

1.4.xxx Optical Modulation Amplitude (OMA):

The absolute difference between the optical power of a

logic one level and the optical power of a logic zero level.

1.4.xxx pointer:

See Payload pointer.

1.4.xxx payload pointer:

An indicator of the location of the beginning of the synchronous payload enve-

lope. This deﬁnition is derived from ANSI T1.416-1999 and ANSI T1.105-1995, which take precedence.

1.4.xxx RIN

OMA:

Relative Intensity Noise. Laser noise in dB/Hz with XdB optical return loss, with

respect to the optical modulation amplitude.

1.4.xxx

rising edge:

A rising edge for a dif

ferential signal pair, e.g. signal(P,N) is when, signal(P) transitions

from logic low to high and signal(N) transitions from logic high to low.

1.4.xxx

scrambler:

A randomizing mechanism that is used to eliminate long strings of consecutive identical

transmitted symbols and avoid the presence of spectral lines in the signal spectrum without changing the

data rate. A self-synchronous scrambler is one in which the current state of the scrambler is the prior n bits of

the scrambled output. Therefore, the descrambler can acquire the correct state directly from the received

stream. A side-stream scrambler is one in which the current state of the scrambler is dependent only on the

prior state of the scrambler and not on the transmitted data. Therefore, the descrambler must acquire state

either by searching for a state that decodes a known pattern or by agreement to start at a known state in syn-

chronization with the scrambler. A frame-synchronous scrambler is a side-stream scrambler that begins each

frame in a known state. This deﬁnition is derived from ANSI T1.416-1999 and ANSI T1.105-1995, which

take precedence.

1.4.xxx

Synchronous Payload Envelope (SPE):

A 125-microsecond frame structure composed of STS

Path Overhead and bandwidth for payload (payload capacity). The equivalent SDH term is Virtual Container

(VC). This deﬁnition is derived from ANSI T1.416-1999 and ANSI T1.105-1995, which take precedence.

1.4.xxx

WAN Interface Sublayer (WIS):

Within 10GBASE-W, a sublayer used to couple the Physical Cod-

ing Sublayer (PCS) and the Physical Medium Attachment (PMA) sublayer. The WIS contains functions to

perform SONET STS-192c/SDH VC-4-64c framing and scrambling. (See IEEE 802.3 Clause 50.)

1.5 Abbreviations

Insert the following abbreviations in alphabetic order into the abbreviations list in 1.5:

AIS

Alarm Indication Signal

BERT Bit Error Ratio Tester

BIP Bit Interleaved Parity

CDR Clock And Data Recovery Circuit

CID Consecutive Identical Digit

CJPAT Continuous Jitter Test Pattern

CRPAT Continuous Random Test Pattern

DCD Duty Cycle Distortion

DDJ Data Dependent Jitter

DJ Deterministic Jitter

ERDI Enhanced Remote Defect Indication

LCD Loss Of Code-Group Delineation

SUPERSEDED

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