Oracle DataGuard 11g 高可用性指南

5星 · 超过95%的资源需积分: 10 187 浏览量更新于2024-07-31 收藏 6.49MB PDF 举报

"Oracle Dataguard 11g Handbook 是一份英文版的文档，详细介绍了Oracle DataGuard在11g版本中的应用，主要关注高可用性和灾难恢复技术。该手册由Oracle公司的专家撰写，旨在帮助用户理解和实施Oracle的数据库保护策略。" Oracle DataGuard是Oracle数据库系统的一个关键组件，专为实现高可用性和灾难恢复而设计。在11g版本中，DataGuard提供了多种功能和特性，以确保关键业务数据的安全和连续性。 1. **物理 standby数据库**：DataGuard支持创建物理standby数据库，它是主数据库的一个实时副本。当主数据库发生故障时，可以无缝切换到standby数据库，最大限度地减少服务中断。 2. **逻辑 standby数据库**：除了物理standby，11g版本还支持逻辑standby数据库，它允许在standby数据库上执行SQL操作，如报表生成，而不会影响主数据库的性能。 3. **快速故障转移（RAC与DataGuard的结合）**：结合Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) 和 DataGuard，可以实现更快的故障转移，因为RAC可以在同一集群内的多个节点之间自动分布工作负载。 4. **redo应用和同步策略**：DataGuard提供不同的redo应用和同步级别，如同步、半同步和异步模式，以平衡性能和保护级别。 5. **数据保护模式**：包括最大保护、最大可用性和最大性能模式，根据业务需求选择合适的保护级别。 6. **管理工具与API**：Oracle Enterprise Manager提供了一套全面的工具，用于管理和监控DataGuard配置，同时，还提供了API供开发人员自定义集成。 7. **增强的故障检测与恢复**：11g版本增强了故障检测机制，能够快速识别并响应各种类型的数据库故障，包括网络故障、硬件故障和软件故障。 8. **数据库恢复顾问（DBRA）**：DBRA是DataGuard的一项功能，它分析潜在的问题并提出恢复建议，帮助管理员在灾难发生后迅速恢复服务。 9. **闪回数据守护**：此特性允许在standby数据库上进行闪回操作，以便在不中断主数据库的情况下回滚错误的数据更改。 10. **GoldenGate集成**：11g版本开始支持与Oracle GoldenGate的集成，扩展了DataGuard的功能，允许在不同平台和异构环境间的实时数据复制。通过 Larry Carpenter 和 Joe Meeks 这样的专家编写的《Oracle Dataguard 11g Handbook》，读者可以深入理解这些概念，并学习如何有效地配置、管理和优化DataGuard环境，以满足企业对高可用性和灾难恢复的需求。手册中包含的实际案例和最佳实践将指导用户成功部署和维护复杂的Oracle灾难恢复解决方案。

xiv

Oracle Data Guard 11g Handbook

Contents

xiv

Oracle Data Guard 11g Handbook

Helpful Hints and Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

Avoid Refreshing the Standby Control File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

Avoid Using the NOLOGGING Clause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

OMF—Copying Control File ....................................... 469

Conclusion .......................................................... 470

14 Deployment Architectures ....................................... 471

Manufacturing Company: HA Configuration ................................. 473

Utility Company: Zero Data Loss HA/DR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476

Retail Brokerage Firm: HA/DR with Zero Data Loss and

Extended Geographic Separation ....................................... 478

Government Agency: Protection from Multi-site Threats ........................ 480

Pharmaceutical Company: Centralized HA/DR and Data Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483

Web Retailer: HA/DR with Reader-farm Scale Out ............................ 484

Insurance Company: Maximum Availability Architecture ....................... 486

Conclusion .......................................................... 488

A Data Guard vs. Array-based Remote Mirroring Solutions ................ 491

The Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492

Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493

Performance ......................................................... 493

Reliability ........................................................... 494

Final Thoughts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495

Index ....................................................... 497

Foreword

I’ve often said that there is one thing a DBA is not allowed to get wrong, and that is

recovery. To be more general, it is the DBA’s job to ensure that data that cannot ever be

lost is never lost. If you cannot provide for continuous, no data loss access to all of your

corporate data, you have not done the primary job a DBA should do. Providing a solid

disaster recovery contingency is part of the job of the DBA, and Oracle Data Guard is the

way to provide for it.

Oracle provides many features and functions to facilitate data backup, recovery, and

availability. However, there are so many features that at times the implementation and

configuration can be daunting. You’ll have questions such as “What is the ‘best way’ to

provide continuous availability given my circumstances?” “How do I decide between all of

the configurations possible?” “What is the tradeoff of doing it one way versus the other?”

“How does it all actually work under the covers?” This book covers in depth all of these

questions, plus others. The authors, Larry Carpenter, Joe Meeks, Charles Kim, Bill Burke,

Sonya Carothers, Joydip Kundu, Michael Smith, and Nitin Vengurlekar, are experts in the

field. They are the people I go to in order to get answers myself.

The book begins by explaining the Data Guard Architecture, starting with the

transaction log (REDO) information—what role it plays, how it is transmitted, and how it is

ultimately used. The Data Guard architecture is built up, layer by layer, and presented in a

manner that’s easy to understand. You’ll learn not only how the redo is transmitted, but how

the receiving disaster recovery site applies (uses) the redo information. You’ll learn the

differences between a physical standby database and a logical standby database. You’ll be

introduced to Data Guard’s various configuration modes—either for extreme performance

on one hand or for guaranteed zero data loss on the other. You’ll also learn about some

everyday uses for your standby databases; they are not just for failures anymore.

The book progresses to describe the actual physical installation, setup, and configuration

of your standby instances. It starts with a section on “before you even think about setting this

xvii

xviii

Oracle Data Guard 11g Handbook

up, this is what you need to think about”—an approach I like. Rather than just plowing ahead and

making uninformed decisions, you’ll learn about what specifically you need to ask. Important

terms such as Recovery Point Objective (RPO) (the point in time to which data must be protected,

which is a measure of how much “loss” would be acceptable, say from zero to a lot) and Recovery

Time Objective (RTO) (the amount of time you can afford to have the data be unavailable, again

from zero to a lot) are introduced and discussed. Unless you can assign some values to those

metrics, you’ll find it difficult, if not impossible, to make decisions about how to configure your

disaster recovery solution.

After covering how to install and configure your installation, the book addresses performance

considerations, including frequently asked questions. (Believe me, I know. On http://asktom.

oracle.com/, I see them asked frequently.) How do you tune Data Guard? How do you measure

Data Guard response times? Where am I spending my time in Data Guard? All of these questions

and more are covered with sections on tuning the recovery rate (the rate of application of redo at

the disaster recovery site), how to perform Data Guard recovery in parallel, troubleshooting redo

apply issues, and understanding the operational aspects (how it all works). To me, that is key. If

you understand how something works, you are well equipped to “fix” it.

Next in line is a series of chapters on managing your Data Guard environment, either by

using automated tools such as Enterprise Manager or by taking a more “do-it-yourself scripting”

approach.

What follows are chapters covering something you hope never to have to do: failover. Well,

they actually cover switchover, a graceful, reversible process whereby you can turn production

into standby and standby into production, as well as failover. These are areas in which you will

need to practice; you don’t want to find out the day you need to failover that either you don’t

know how to failover, or, even worse, you cannot failover due to a mistake that was not

discovered previously.

The remainder of the book covers other very useful information such as “What else can I use

this standby thing for?” “How does this impact my backup and recovery procedures?” “How have

other people implemented Data Guard and why did they make the choices they did?” “Why is

Data Guard the right way to provide for disaster recovery for my database, and what is wrong

with other methods?” And more.

In short, if you need a roadmap describing how to implement disaster recovery, what you

need to think about, what are your options, and which ones you should explore, under what

circumstances, then this book is for you. It combines the “How does it work?” with “How do I

make it work?” in a practical, hands-on way.

—Thomas Kyte

asktom.oracle.com

xix

xviii

Oracle Data Guard 11g Handbook

Acknowledgments

We want to acknowledge our sponsoring editor, Lisa McClain, for her commitment to this

book and her patience with all the authors. Thank you for understanding our busy

schedules and personal conflicts while pushing us to deliver in a timely manner. This book

would be delayed by another year without her involvement and nurturing.

We also want to acknowledge our acquisitions coordinator, Meghan Riley, editorial

supervisor, Janet Walden, the meticulous work of copy editor Lisa Theobald, project

manager Vastavikta Sharma, proofreader Paul Tyler, and the entire production and

marketing team at Oracle Press. We would also like to extend our personal gratitude to our

incredible technical editors, Michael Powell and Sreekanth Chintala, for their great review

of all the chapters and contributions.

—Larry, Joe, Charles, Bill, Sonya, Joy, Mike, and Nitin

First and foremost, I’d like to thank Bernadette, my wife of 35-plus years, for putting up

with my insanity and late nights while we were all working on this book. I would not have

made it without her. I would also like to thank Rick Anderson and Mark W. Johnson of

Oracle for first introducing me to Database Disaster Recovery, first with Oracle Rdb

(originally from Digital and an Oracle product since 1994) and then with Oracle Data

Guard starting with Oracle8i. Their dedication to ensuring that our customers were

successful was my guide and support in my endeavors to do the same. Finally, my thanks to

my manager, Ashish Ray, and our senior VP, Juan Loaiza, for allowing me to contribute to

this book.

—Larry Carpenter

Many thanks to the development staff who have made Data Guard the best data

protection and data availability solution for enterprise databases. Additional thanks to the

members of Oracle’s Maximum Availability Architecture team who document and validate

xix

剩余544页未读，继续阅读

forjoy

粉丝: 0
资源: 1

Oracle DataGuard 11g 高可用性指南

Oracle DataGuard 11g完全参考手册(原版电子档).zip

OracleDataGuard管理维护资料合集

Oracle Data Guard 11g Handbook [中文翻译版].part1.rar

Oracle 11g Dataguard参数详解

Oracle Data Guard 11g Handbook [中文翻译版].part2.rar

Oracle11g DataGuard 实用手册

Oracle 11g DataGuard参数深度解析

Oracle10g Data Guard学习笔记

Oracle Data Guard 11g入门手册：专家详解与实战指南

Oracle+Data+Guard+11g完全参考手册.7z.005

最新资源