Oracle 12c Linux安装指南：详细英文版操作文本

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Oracle 12c Release 2 (12.2) for Linux 安装指南是一份详细的英文文档，适用于在 Linux 平台上进行 Oracle Database 12c 的安装操作。这份文档由 Oracle 公司编写，版权归属Oracle 和其关联公司，享有2015年和2019年的版权。主要作者是 Prakash Jashnani，而其他多位贡献者包括 Douglas Williams、Sunil Surabhi 以及多个来自 Oracle 团队的专业人士，如 David Austin、Mark Bauer 等。该指南提供了对 RAC (Real Application Cluster) 环境下的安装过程的深入指导，这意味着它不仅涉及单个数据库服务器的安装，还包括了集群环境中的配置和设置。RAC 是一种高可用性和可扩展性解决方案，允许多个数据库实例同时运行，通过共享的网络资源实现数据的一致性和无单点故障特性。文档中包含了详细的步骤，涵盖了从准备工作（如操作系统检查、硬件配置、网络配置等）到安装过程（包括软件下载、文件解压、创建安装目录、执行安装脚本、配置数据库选项、安装数据库组件、创建实例和数据库、配置监听器和网络服务、安装归档日志和备份解决方案，以及最后的系统测试）的全过程。每个步骤都配有详细的说明和可能遇到的问题及解决策略。此外，文档还特别强调了与 Grid Infrastructure（网格基础设施）的集成，这是Oracle 12c 中用于管理和协调分布式资源的关键组件，包括资源管理器、共享存储和动态资源规划等功能。由于篇幅较长，没有列出所有具体的章节和详细内容，但可以肯定的是，这份安装指南为数据库管理员和 IT 专业人员提供了一套全面且实用的工具，帮助他们在 Oracle 12c Linux 环境中高效地完成数据库集群的部署和维护。对于那些需要在生产环境中实施或升级 Oracle 数据库的读者来说，这是一个不可或缺的参考资料。

• Direct NFS Dispatcher Support

Starting with Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2), Oracle Direct NFS Client

supports adding a dispatcher or I/O slave infrastructure. For very large database

deployments running Direct NFS client, this feature facilitates scaling of sockets

and TCP connections to multi-path and clustered NFS storage.

For more information, see About Direct NFS Client Mounts to NFS Storage

Devices

• Kerberos Authentication for Direct NFS

Starting with Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2), Oracle Database supports

Kerberos implementation with Direct NFS communication. This feature solves the

problem of authentication, message integrity, and optional encryption over

unsecured networks for data exchanged between Oracle Database and NFS

servers using Direct NFS protocols.

For more information, see Creating an oranfstab File for Direct NFS Client

• Separation of Duty for Administering Oracle Real Application Clusters

Starting with Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2), Oracle Database provides

support for separation of duty best practices when administering Oracle Real

Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) by introducing the SYSRAC administrative

privilege for the clusterware agent. This feature removes the need to use the

powerful SYSDBA administrative privilege for Oracle RAC.

SYSRAC, like SYSDG, SYSBACKUP, and SYSKM, helps enforce separation of

duties and reduce reliance on the use of SYSDBA on production systems. This

administrative privilege is the default mode for connecting to the database by the

clusterware agent on behalf of the Oracle RAC utilities such as srvctl.

For more information, see Extended Oracle Database Groups for Job Role

Separation

• AL32UTF8 As the Default Database Character Set

Starting with Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2), the default database

character set of a database created from the General Purpose/Transaction

Processing or the Data Warehousing template is Unicode AL32UTF8. Oracle

recommends that you use Unicode AL32UTF8 as the database character set.

For more information, see About Character Set Selection During Installation

• Single-instance Configurations and Operations supported by Rapid Home

Provisioning

Starting with Oracle Grid Infrastructure 12c Release 2 (12.2), Rapid Home

Provisioning adds support for installing and configuring single-instance Oracle

Databases. These may be on nodes with or without Oracle Grid Infrastructure

installed. Rapid Home Provisioning does not support single-instance databases for

Oracle Restart configurations.

Starting with Oracle Grid Infrastructure 12c Release 2 (12.2), Rapid Home

Provisioning also supports Oracle Database upgrades.

For more information, see About Deploying Oracle Database Using Rapid Home

Provisioning

• Preserve Home Path during Updates with Rapid Home Provisioning

Rapid Home Provisioning leverages a new filesystem capability which allows for

separation of gold image software from the site-specific configuration changes, so

Changes in this Release for Oracle Database

xvi

the home path remains unchanged throughout updates. This capability is available

starting with Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2) and Oracle Grid Infrastructure

12c Release 2 (12.2), and combines the benefits of in-place and out-of-place

patching.

This feature does not apply to Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server or

Oracle Restart configurations.

• Postinstallation Configuration of Oracle Software using the -executeConfigTools

option

Starting with Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2), you can perform

postinstallation configuration of Oracle products by running the Oracle Database

or Oracle Grid Infrastructure installer with the -executeConfigTools option.

You can use the same response file created during installation to complete

postinstallation configuration.

For more information, see Installing and Configuring Oracle Database Using

Response Files

New Features for Oracle Automatic Storage Management 12c Release 2 (12.2)

• Automatic Configuration of Oracle ASM Filter Driver

Starting with Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2), you can enable and automate

the configuration of Oracle ASM Filter Driver (Oracle ASMFD) with a check box

during the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation.

For more information, see About Oracle ASM with Oracle ASM Filter Driver

• Oracle ACFS Snapshot-Based Replication

The Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System (Oracle ACFS)

snapshot-based replication feature uses Oracle ACFS snapshot technology to

transfer the differences between successive snapshots to the standby file system

using standard ssh transport protocol. Oracle ACFS Snapshot-based replication is

more efficient with higher performance, lower overhead, and ease of management.

For more information, see Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's

Guide

• Oracle ACFS Compression

Oracle ACFS provides file system compression functionality, reducing storage

requirement, and resulting in lower costs. Oracle ACFS compression is managed

using the new

acfsutil compress

commands and updates to the

acfsutil info

command.

For more information, see Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's

Guide

• Oracle ACFS Defragger

Databases that share storage with snapshots or with the base of the file system

can become fragmented under active online transaction processing (OLTP)

workloads. This fragmentation can cause the location of the data in the volume to

be discontiguous for sequential scans. Oracle ACFS automatically defragments

these files in the background.

For more information, see Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's

Guide

• Oracle ACFS Support for 4K Sectors

Changes in this Release for Oracle Database

xvii

Oracle ACFS supports I/O requests in multiples of 4K logical sector sizes as well

as continued support for 512-byte logical sector size I/O requests. The i4096

option is provided with the acfsformat command on Microsoft Windows and the

mkfs command in Linux and Oracle Solaris environments.

For more information, see Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's

Guide

• Oracle ACFS Automatic Resize

Oracle ACFS provides an automatic resize option with the acfsutil size

command. This command enables you to specify an increment by which an Oracle

ACFS file system grows automatically if the amount of available free space in the

file system falls below a specified amount. There is also an option to specify the

maxiOracle ACFS plugins support file content data collection. Both polling and

interval based capture are supported with the file content collection.mum size

allowed when using the automatic resize option. The output of the acfsutil

info fs command displays the automatic resize increment and maximum

amounts.

For more information, see Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's

Guide

• Oracle ACFS Metadata Acceleration

Oracle ACFS supports accelerator metadata storage. This support enables many

critical Oracle ACFS metadata structures, including extent metadata, storage

bitmaps, volume logs, and some snapshot metadata to be placed on accelerator

storage.

For more information, see Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's

Guide

• Oracle ACFS Plugins for File Content Data Collection

Oracle ACFS plugins support file content data collection. Both, polling and interval

based capture are supported with the file content collection.

For more information, see Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's

Guide

• Oracle ACFS Sparse Files

Oracle ACFS provides support for sparse files. Oracle ACFS sparse files greatly

benefit NFS client write operations, which are commonly received out of order by

the NFS server and the associated Oracle ACFS file system.

For more information, see Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's

Guide

• Oracle ACFS Scrubbing Functionality

Oracle ACFS provides scrubbing functionality with the acfsutil scrub

command to check for and report any inconsistencies in the metadata or file data.

For more information, see Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's

Guide

• High Availability Common Internet File System

Release 12.2 enhances Oracle ACFS Common Internet File System (CIFS)

features to provide high availability for exported file systems with the Oracle ACFS

NAS Maximum Availability eXtensions (NAS MAX) technology. High Availability

Common Internet File System (HACIFS) and High Availability Network File System

Changes in this Release for Oracle Database

xviii

The Oracle ASM filter driver (Oracle ASMFD) feature is available starting with

Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2).

Oracle ASMFD is a kernel module that resides in the I/O path of the Oracle ASM

disks.

Oracle ASMFD rejects any write requests that are not issued by Oracle software.

This action eliminates accidental overwrites of Oracle ASM disks that can cause

corruption in an Oracle ASM disk and files within the disk group.

The filter has additional functionality to fence I/Os from entities that are no longer

communicating with Oracle ASM.

For more information, see:

Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide

• Root Scripts Automation

Starting with Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1), Oracle Universal Installer

provides options to automatically run root configuration scripts required during a

grid infrastructure installation. You also have the option to manually run the root

configuration scripts.

• Oracle Flex ASM

Oracle Flex ASM enables an Oracle ASM instance to run on a separate physical

server from the database servers. Many Oracle ASM instances can be clustered to

support a large number of database clients.

Oracle Database instances can be set up as clients to Oracle Flex ASM where

metadata is provided to the database instance by an Oracle Flex ASM instance

that may be on a different node than the database instance.

Note that Oracle Flex ASM can apply to a collection of databases, each one a

single instance but running in a Flex ASM Cluster.

For more information about Oracle Flex ASM, see:

Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide

• Deinstallation Tool Integrated with Installation Media

Starting with Oracle Database 12c, the deinstallation tool is integrated with the

database installation media and is no longer provided on a separate installation

media.

For more information, see:

Oracle Database Upgrade Guide

• Simplified Oracle Label Security Installation

Starting with Oracle Database 12c, Oracle Label Security is installed by default as

part of the Oracle Database installation. You can no longer select Oracle Label

Security as a custom component during an Enterprise Edition database

installation.

For more information, see:

Oracle Label Security Administrator's Guide

• Simplified Oracle Database Vault Installation

Starting with Oracle Database 12c, Oracle Database Vault is installed by default

as part of the Oracle Database installation. However, you can configure, enable, or

Changes in this Release for Oracle Database

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Oracle 12c Linux安装指南：详细英文版操作文本

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