精通Java 7并发编程:实战示例解析

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"《JAVA 7 并发手册( Java 7 Concurrency Cookbook)》是Javier Fernández González撰写的一本关于Java多线程编程的实战指南,包含60多个实例,旨在帮助读者掌握并发应用开发。书中涵盖了从基础到高级的线程管理技术,如创建、中断和监控线程,深入讲解了Java 5的Executor框架以及Java 7引入的Fork/Join框架。" 在Java 7中,多线程编程是提高应用程序性能和响应能力的关键技术。本书首先介绍了线程的基本概念,包括线程的生命周期、同步机制以及如何创建和管理线程。线程的创建通常通过实现Runnable接口或继承Thread类来完成,而中断线程则可以通过调用`interrupt()`方法实现。监控线程状态,如线程是否存活、是否阻塞等,可以使用`isAlive()`、`isInterrupted()`等方法。 Java 5引入的Executor框架是一个强大的工具,它提供了一种更灵活的方式来管理线程池和任务执行。ExecutorService允许开发者创建和管理线程池,通过`execute()`方法提交Runnable任务。线程池可以根据需要动态调整大小,从而更好地控制系统资源的使用。此外,Future和Callable接口提供了对异步任务结果的处理和获取。 Java 7的Fork/Join框架是为了解决大规模计算问题而设计的,它基于工作窃取算法。ForkJoinPool是主要的执行组件,可以将大任务拆分为小任务,然后并行执行这些子任务。RecursiveTask和RecursiveAction是Fork/Join框架的核心抽象类,它们代表可分解的任务。通过递归地fork(拆分)任务和join(合并结果),Fork/Join框架能够高效地处理计算密集型任务。 书中还可能涉及其他并发相关的高级主题,如锁(Locks)、条件变量(Conditions)、原子变量(Atomic Variables)以及并发集合(Concurrent Collections)。锁提供了比`synchronized`关键字更细粒度的控制,如ReentrantLock允许尝试获取锁、公平锁和非公平锁的选择。条件变量允许线程等待特定条件满足后再继续执行。原子变量类如AtomicInteger、AtomicLong等提供了一组无锁操作,能够在不使用同步的情况下保证数据的一致性。并发集合,如ConcurrentHashMap、CopyOnWriteArrayList等,设计时考虑了并发访问的效率,可以在多线程环境中提供更好的性能。 此外,书中可能还会讨论线程安全的编程实践,包括避免死锁、活锁和饥饿,以及正确使用同步块和同步方法。理解并发中的可见性和有序性问题,如volatile关键字的作用,以及内存模型对多线程编程的影响也是至关重要的。最后,书中可能会涵盖一些调试和测试并发程序的技巧,以便开发者能有效诊断和修复并发问题。 《JAVA 7 并发手册》是一本全面介绍Java多线程编程的书籍,无论你是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者,都能从中受益,提升你的并发编程技能。
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When you work with a computer, you can do several things at once. You can hear music while you edit a document in a word processor and read your e-mail. This can be done because your operating system allows the concurrency of tasks. Concurrent programming is about the elements and mechanisms a platform offers to have multiple tasks or programs running at once and communicate with each other to exchange data or to synchronize with each other. Java is a concurrent platform and offers a lot of classes to execute concurrent tasks inside a Java program. With each version, Java increases the functionalities offered to programmers to facilitate the development of concurrent programs. This book covers the most important and useful mechanisms included in Version 7 of the Java concurrency API, so you will be able to use them directly in your applications, which are as follows: f f t e n . d u o l Basic thread management w.codec w w Thread synchronization mechanisms f f Thread creation and management delegation with executors f f Fork/Join framework to enhance the performance of your application f f Data structures for concurrent programs f f Adapting the default behavior of some concurrency classes to your needs f f Testing Java concurrency applications f f What this book covers Chapter 1, Thread Management will teach the readers how to make basic operations with threads. Creation, execution, and status management of the threads are explained through basic examples. Chapter 2, Basic Thread Synchronization will teach the readers to use the low-level Java mechanisms to synchronize a code. Locks and the synchronized keyword are explained in detail. Chapter 3, Thread Synchronization Utilities will teach the readers to use the high-level utilities of Java to manage the synchronization between the threads in Java. It includes an explanation of how to use the new Java 7 Phaser class to synchronize tasks divided into phases. Chapter 4, Thread Executors will teach the readers to delegate the thread management to executors. They allow running, managing, and getting the results of concurrent tasks. Chapter 5, Fork/Join Framework will teach the readers to use the new Java 7 Fork/Join framework. It’s a special kind of executor oriented to execute tasks that will be divided into smaller ones using the divide and conquer technique. Chapter 6, Concurrent Collections will teach the readers to how to use some concurrent data structures provided by the Java language. These data structures must be used in concurrent programs to avoid the use of synchronized blocks of code in their implementation. Chapter 7, Customizing Concurrency Classes will teach the readers how to adapt some of the most useful classes of the Java concurrency API to their needs. Chapter 8, Testing Concurrent Applications will teach the readers how to obtain information about the status of some of the most useful structures of the Java 7 concurrency API. The readers will also learn how to use some free tools to debug concurrent applications, such as the Eclipse, NetBeans IDE, or FindBugs applications to detect possible bugs on their applications.