MATLAB自定义函数解析

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“MATLAB课件中的第五章主要讲解了用户自定义函数的使用,包括函数的基本结构、输入输出参数、实际参数与虚拟参数的概念,以及MATLAB中的变量传递机制。” 在MATLAB编程环境中,用户自定义函数是提高代码复用性和模块化的重要工具。这一章(CH5)深入探讨了如何在MATLAB中创建和使用这些函数。 **2. 函数基本结构** MATLAB函数定义的基本格式如下: ```matlab function [outarg1, outarg2, ...] = functionName(inarg1, inarg2, ...) % comment line % other comment lines ... (executable code) ... (return) ``` 其中,`functionName`是函数名,`outarg1, outarg2, ...`是输出参数,`inarg1, inarg2, ...`是输入参数。函数体内部包含可执行的MATLAB代码,并在执行完毕后返回结果。 **3. 输入输出参数** - **输入参数列表**:这是函数调用时需要提供的值,它们被用来计算或处理。 - **输出参数列表**:函数执行后,这些变量将接收计算结果。 - **虚拟参数**(dummy arguments):在函数定义中使用的参数,仅用于接收输入数据,不占用实际内存空间。 - **实际参数**(actual arguments):函数调用时传入的值,对应于函数定义中的虚拟参数。 **4. 示例** 以下是一个名为`dist2`的示例函数,用于计算二维笛卡尔坐标系中两点之间的距离: ```matlab function distance = dist2(x1, y1, x2, y2) % function dist2.m % The 'dist2' function is used to calculate % the distance between two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) % in a Cartesian coordinate system. distance = sqrt((x2 - x1)^2 + (y2 - y1)^2); ``` **5. 变量传递机制** MATLAB采用**按值传递**(pass-by-value)策略。当调用函数时,MATLAB会为每个输入参数创建副本并传递给函数。这意味着函数内部对参数的任何修改不会影响到函数外部的原始数据,从而确保了数据的安全性。例如: ```matlab >> distance = dist2(0, 0, 1, 1) distance = 1 ``` 通过`help dist2`可以查看函数的帮助信息,了解其功能和用法。 MATLAB中的用户自定义函数提供了强大的功能,使得程序员能够根据特定需求定制功能,同时保持代码的清晰和模块化。了解函数的定义、参数处理以及变量传递机制是高效使用MATLAB的关键。

7月 11 10:15:09 zhang-virtual-machine systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Community Server... zhang@zhang-virtual-machine:~$ journalctl -xeu mysql.service ░░ Defined-By: systemd ░░ Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support ░░ ░░ An ExecStart= process belonging to unit mysql.service has exited. ░░ ░░ The process' exit code is 'exited' and its exit status is 1. 7月 11 10:16:07 zhang-virtual-machine systemd[1]: mysql.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'. ░░ Subject: Unit failed ░░ Defined-By: systemd ░░ Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support ░░ ░░ The unit mysql.service has entered the 'failed' state with result 'exit-code'. 7月 11 10:16:07 zhang-virtual-machine systemd[1]: Failed to start MySQL Community Server. ░░ Subject: A start job for unit mysql.service has failed ░░ Defined-By: systemd ░░ Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support ░░ ░░ A start job for unit mysql.service has finished with a failure. ░░ ░░ The job identifier is 11397 and the job result is failed. 7月 11 10:16:07 zhang-virtual-machine systemd[1]: mysql.service: Scheduled restart job, restart counter is at 48. ░░ Subject: Automatic restarting of a unit has been scheduled ░░ Defined-By: systemd ░░ Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support ░░ ░░ Automatic restarting of the unit mysql.service has been scheduled, as the result for ░░ the configured Restart= setting for the unit. 7月 11 10:16:07 zhang-virtual-machine systemd[1]: Stopped MySQL Community Server. ░░ Subject: A stop job for unit mysql.service has finished ░░ Defined-By: systemd ░░ Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support ░░ ░░ A stop job for unit mysql.service has finished. ░░ ░░ The job identifier is 11470 and the job result is done. 7月 11 10:16:07 zhang-virtual-machine systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Community Server... ░░ Subject: A start job for unit mysql.service has begun execution ░░ Defined-By: systemd ░░ Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support ░░ ░░ A start job for unit mysql.service has begun execution. ░░ ░░ The job identifier is 11470. lines 2126-2168/2168 (END)

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