《Java泛型与集合》2006年版：Naftalin & Wadler经典指南

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《Java泛型与集合：2006年10月版》是由Maurice Naftalin和Philip Wadler合著的一本专业书籍，专为Java开发者设计，深入讲解了Java中的泛型（Generics）和集合框架（Collections）。本书是O'Reilly Media在2007年的出版物，享有版权保护，旨在帮助读者理解和掌握Java 5及以上版本引入的泛型功能，这是一个重要的语言特性，它允许程序员编写更安全、更灵活的代码，减少类型不安全问题。泛型是Java语言的一项关键增强，通过参数化类型，它使得代码能够适应多种数据类型，增强了代码的可重用性和类型安全性。在本书中，作者详细介绍了泛型的概念，包括类型参数、上下文限定符、类型擦除等核心概念，以及如何在实际编程中有效地运用它们，比如创建泛型类、方法和接口。此外，书中的内容还将涵盖Java集合框架，这是Java标准库中处理大量数据和复杂数据结构的重要组件。作者会讲解诸如ArrayList、LinkedList、HashMap、HashSet等常见集合类的工作原理，以及如何通过泛型优化这些类的使用，提升性能和代码质量。书中还会涉及高级集合框架如Map接口、SortedMap、Queue、Deque等的使用，以及如何处理并发访问和线程安全问题。《Java泛型与集合：2006年10月版》是一本适合初级到中级Java开发者的实用指南，不仅提供理论知识，还包含了大量的实例和实战案例，有助于读者迅速理解和掌握泛型和集合在日常开发中的应用。对于希望通过学习泛型提升代码质量和效率的读者，这本书无疑是不可或缺的参考资料。如果你是从事Java开发的专业人士，或者希望深入了解Java语言的新特性，这本《Nutshell Handbook》将是你扩展知识库、提高编程技能的一个理想选择。同时，该书的电子版也在O'Reilly Safari平台上提供，方便随时随地学习。

• We often include code that corresponds to the body of an appropriate main method:

Stack<Integer> stack = new ArrayStack<Integer>();

for (int i = 0; i<4; i++) stack.push(i);

assert stack.toString().equals("stack[0, 1, 2, 3]");

• Code fragments are printed in fixed-width font when they appear within a para-

graph (as when we referred to a main method in the preceding item).

• We often omit standard imports. Code that uses the Java Collection Framework

or other utility classes should be preceded by the line:

import java.util.*;

• Sample interactive sessions, showing command-line input and corresponding out-

put, are shown in constant-width font, with user-supplied input preceded by a

percent sign:

% javac g/Stack.java g/ArrayStack.java g/Stacks.java l/Client.java

Note: Client.java uses unchecked or unsafe operations.

Note: Recompile with -Xlint:unchecked for details.

• When user-supplied input is two lines long, the first line is ended with a backslash:

% javac -Xlint:unchecked g/Stack.java g/ArrayStack.java \

% g/Stacks.java l/Client.java

l/Client.java:4: warning: [unchecked] unchecked call

to push(E) as a member of the raw type Stack

for (int i = 0; i<4; i++) stack.push(new Integer(i));

Using Code Examples

This book is here to help you get your job done. In general, you may use the code in

this book in your programs and documentation. You do not need to contact us for

permission unless you’re reproducing a significant portion of the code. For example,

writing a program that uses several chunks of code from this book does not require

permission. Selling or distributing a CD-ROM of examples from O’Reilly books does

require permission. Answering a question by citing this book and quoting example

code does not require permission. Incorporating a significant amount of example code

from this book into your product’s documentation does require permission.

We appreciate, but do not require, attribution. An attribution usually includes the title,

author, publisher, and ISBN. For example: "Java Generics and Collections, by Maurice

If you feel your use of code examples falls outside fair use or the permission given above,

feel free to contact us at permissions@oreilly.com.

xiv | Preface

PART I

Generics

Generics are a powerful, and sometimes controversial, new feature of the Java pro-

gramming language. This part of the book describes generics, using the Collections

Framework as a source of examples. A comprehensive introduction to the Collections

Framework appears in the second part of the book.

The first five chapters focus on the fundamentals of generics. Chapter 1 gives an over-

view of generics and other new features in Java 5, including boxing, foreach loops, and

functions with a variable number of arguments. Chapter 2 reviews how subtyping

works and explains how wildcards let you use subtyping in connection with generics.

Chapter 3 describes how generics work with the Comparable interface, which requires

a notion of bounds on type variables. Chapter 4 looks at how generics work with various

declarations, including constructors, static members, and nested classes. Chapter 5

explains how to evolve legacy code to exploit generics, and how ease of evolution is a

key advantage of the design of generics in Java. Once you have these five chapters under

your belt, you will be able to use generics effectively in most basic situations.

The next four chapters treat advanced topics. Chapter 6 explains how the same design

that leads to ease of evolution also necessarily leads to a few rough edges in the treat-

ment of casts, exceptions, and arrays. The fit between generics and arrays is the worst

rough corner of the language, and we formulate two principles to help you work around

the problems. Chapter 7 explains new features that relate generics and reflection, in-

cluding the newly generified type Class<T> and additions to the Java library that support

reflection of generic types. Chapter 8 contains advice on how to use generics effectively

in practical coding. We consider checked collections, security issues, specialized

classes, and binary compatibility. Chapter 9 presents five extended examples, looking

at how generics affect five well-known design patterns: Visitor, Interpreter, Function,

Strategy, and Subject-Observer.

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