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IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD标准详解与学习
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IEEE 802.3标准,尤其是2002年的修订版,是信息技术领域中关于局域网(LAN)和城域网(MAN)通信技术的重要规范。该标准由电气和电子工程师协会(IEEE)发布,旨在定义本地和广域网络间的特定要求,重点关注载波监听多路访问及碰撞检测(CSMA/CD)接入方法和物理层规格。这一标准是LAN/MAN标准委员会的支持项目,对于早期的网络设计和实现具有深远影响。
IEEE Std 802.3-2002规定了数据在以太网环境中如何通过CSMA/CD协议进行传输,这是一种广泛应用于小型办公室和家庭网络的技术,其核心机制包括:
1. **载波监听** (Carrier Sense): 设备在发送数据之前先监听网络上的信号,避免在同一时间发送导致冲突。
2. **多路访问** (Multiple Access): 多个设备共享同一传输介质,如双绞线或光纤,每个设备都有机会发送数据。
3. **碰撞检测** (Collision Detection): 当两个或多个设备同时发送,信号会因碰撞而干扰,接收端检测到碰撞并停止发送,等待一个随机的时间后重新尝试。
物理层规范则涵盖了信号的编码、频率、时钟同步以及接口标准,确保数据能够准确无误地在不同设备之间传递。此外,标准还规定了网络的带宽、数据速率、帧格式和错误检测与纠正机制。
然而,值得注意的是,这个标准已被后续版本更新,2002版可能不再是最新的技术指南,存在不准确或过时的信息。用户在参考时应谨慎,因为技术发展迅速,可能存在被取代或修正的内容。对于已废弃的标准,IEEE提供了一个操作手册链接<http://standards.ieee.org/guides/opman/index.html>,其中包含有关过期标准的替代方案和指导。
总结来说,学习和理解IEEE 802.3-2002标准对网络工程和维护人员至关重要,它奠定了现代以太网技术的基础,但使用时需考虑技术的演变和更新。
Copyright © 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved. xv
8. Medium Attachment Unit and baseband medium specifications, type 10BASE5 .......................... 136
8.1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................... 136
8.2 MAU functional specifications .............................................................................................. 138
8.3 MAU–medium electrical characteristics ................................................................................ 143
8.4 Characteristics of the coaxial cable ........................................................................................ 151
8.5 Coaxial trunk cable connectors .............................................................................................. 154
8.6 System considerations ............................................................................................................ 157
8.7 Environmental specifications ................................................................................................. 159
8.8 Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 8,
Medium Attachment Unit and baseband medium specifications, type 10BASE5................. 162
9. Repeater unit for 10 Mb/s baseband networks................................................................................. 178
9.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................ 178
9.2 References .............................................................................................................................. 179
9.3 Definitions .............................................................................................................................. 179
9.4 Compatibility interface........................................................................................................... 179
9.5 Basic functions ....................................................................................................................... 180
9.6 Detailed repeater functions and state diagrams...................................................................... 184
9.7 Electrical isolation.................................................................................................................. 191
9.8 Reliability ............................................................................................................................... 191
9.9 Medium attachment unit and baseband medium specification for a vendor-independent
FOIRL .................................................................................................................................... 192
10. Medium attachment unit and baseband medium specifications, type 10BASE2 ............................ 208
10.1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................... 208
10.2 References .............................................................................................................................. 210
10.3 MAU functional specifications .............................................................................................. 210
10.4 MAU–medium electrical characteristics ................................................................................ 216
10.5 Characteristics of coaxial cable system.................................................................................. 219
10.6 Coaxial trunk cable connectors .............................................................................................. 222
10.7 System considerations ............................................................................................................ 223
10.8 Environmental specifications ................................................................................................. 226
11. Broadband medium attachment unit and broadband medium specifications, type 10BROAD36 .. 227
11.1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................... 227
11.2 MAU functional specifications .............................................................................................. 230
11.3 MAU characteristics............................................................................................................... 237
11.4 System considerations ............................................................................................................ 251
11.5 Characteristics of the coaxial cable system............................................................................ 252
11.6 Frequency translator requirements for the single-cable version ............................................ 253
11.7 Environmental specifications ................................................................................................. 253
12. Physical signaling, medium attachment, and baseband medium specifications, type 1BASE5...... 255
12.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 255
12.2 Architecture ............................................................................................................................ 256
12.3 DTE physical signaling (PLS) specification .......................................................................... 260
12.4 Hub specification.................................................................................................................... 267
12.5 Physical medium attachment (PMA) specification ................................................................ 274
12.6 Medium Dependent Interface (MDI) specification ................................................................ 282
SUPERSEDED
xvi Copyright © 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.
12.7 Cable medium characteristics ................................................................................................ 284
12.8 Special link specification ....................................................................................................... 287
12.9 Timing .................................................................................................................................... 287
12.10 Safety...................................................................................................................................... 289
13. System considerations for multisegment 10 Mb/s baseband networks ........................................... 291
13.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................ 291
13.2 Definitions .............................................................................................................................. 292
13.3 Transmission System Model 1 ............................................................................................... 292
13.4 Transmission System Model 2 ............................................................................................... 297
13.5 Full duplex topology limitations............................................................................................. 299
14. Twisted-pair medium attachment unit (MAU) and baseband medium, type 10BASE-T................ 300
14.1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................... 300
14.2 MAU functional specifications............................................................................................... 303
14.3 MAU electrical specifications ................................................................................................ 314
14.4 Characteristics of the simplex link segment ........................................................................... 323
14.5 MDI specification ................................................................................................................... 326
14.6 System considerations ............................................................................................................ 327
14.7 Environmental specifications ................................................................................................. 327
14.8 MAU labeling ......................................................................................................................... 330
14.9 Timing summary..................................................................................................................... 331
14.10Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 14,
Twisted-pair medium attachment unit (MAU) and baseband medium, type 10BASE-T ...... 332
15. Fiber optic medium and common elements of medium attachment units and star,
type 10BASE-F................................................................................................................................ 349
15.1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................... 349
15.2 MDI optical characteristics..................................................................................................... 354
15.3 Characteristics of the fiber optic medium............................................................................... 362
15.4 MAU reliability ...................................................................................................................... 365
15.5 MAU–AUI specification ........................................................................................................ 365
15.6 Environmental specifications ................................................................................................. 366
15.7 MAU labeling ......................................................................................................................... 367
15.8 Protocol implementation conformance statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 15,
Fiber optic medium and common elements of medium attachment units and star,
type 10BASE-F....................................................................................................................... 368
16. Fiber optic passive star and medium attachment unit, type 10BASE-FP ........................................ 373
16.1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................... 373
16.2 PMA interface messages ........................................................................................................ 374
16.3 10BASE-FP MAU functional specifications.......................................................................... 376
16.4 Timing summary..................................................................................................................... 390
16.5 10BASE-FP Star functional specifications............................................................................. 390
16.6 Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 16,
Fiber optic passive star and medium attachment unit, type 10BASE-FP............................... 392
SUPERSEDED
Copyright © 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved. xvii
17. Fiber optic medium attachment unit, type 10BASE-FB.................................................................. 409
17.1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................... 409
17.2 PMA interface messages ........................................................................................................ 410
17.3 MAU functional specifications .............................................................................................. 412
17.4 Timing summary .................................................................................................................... 420
17.5 Protocol implementation conformance statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 17,
Fiber optic medium attachment unit, type 10BASE-FB ........................................................ 420
18. Fiber optic medium attachment unit, type 10BASE-FL .................................................................. 434
18.1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................... 434
18.2 PMA interface messages ........................................................................................................ 434
18.3 MAU functional specifications .............................................................................................. 436
18.4 Timing summary .................................................................................................................... 447
18.5 Protocol implementation conformance statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 18,
Fiber optic medium attachment unit, type 10BASE-FL ........................................................ 448
19. Layer Management for 10 Mb/s baseband repeaters ....................................................................... 463
19.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 463
19.2 Managed objects..................................................................................................................... 465
20. Layer Management for 10 Mb/s baseband medium attachment units ............................................. 480
20.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 480
20.2 Managed objects..................................................................................................................... 480
Annex A(informative) Additional reference material.................................................................................. 486
Annex B (informative) System guidelines................................................................................................... 489
Annex C (informative) State diagram, MAC sublayer ................................................................................ 512
Annex D (informative) Application context, selected medium specifications ............................................ 513
Annex E (informative) Receiver wavelength design considerations (FOIRL)............................................ 520
Annex F (normative) Additional attributes required for systems ................................................................ 521
Annex G (normative) Additional material required for conformance testing ............................................. 523
Annex H (normative) GDMO specifications for CSMA/CD managed objects .......................................... 524
SECTION TWO
21. Introduction to 100 Mb/s baseband networks, type 100BASE-T ........................................................ 1
21.1 Overview................................................................................................................................... 1
21.2 References................................................................................................................................. 3
21.3 Definitions................................................................................................................................. 3
21.4 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................ 3
SUPERSEDED
xviii Copyright © 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.
21.5 State diagrams ........................................................................................................................... 3
21.6 Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma ....................................... 4
21.7 Relation of 100BASE-T to other standards .............................................................................. 6
21.8 MAC delay constraints (exposed MII)...................................................................................... 8
22. Reconciliation Sublayer (RS) and Media Independent Interface (MII)............................................... 9
22.1 Overview................................................................................................................................... 9
22.2 Functional specifications......................................................................................................... 11
22.3 Signal timing characteristics ................................................................................................... 36
22.4 Electrical characteristics.......................................................................................................... 38
22.5 Power supply........................................................................................................................... 42
22.6 Mechanical characteristics ...................................................................................................... 43
22.7 Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 22,
Reconciliation Sublayer (RS) and Media Independent Interface (MII).................................. 46
23. Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS), Physical Medium Attachment (PMA) sublayer and
baseband medium, type 100BASE-T4............................................................................................... 56
23.1 Overview................................................................................................................................. 56
23.2 PCS functional specifications ................................................................................................. 60
23.3 PMA service interface............................................................................................................. 74
23.4 PMA functional specifications................................................................................................ 79
23.5 PMA electrical specifications ................................................................................................. 87
23.6 Link segment characteristics................................................................................................. 100
23.7 MDI specification.................................................................................................................. 104
23.8 System considerations........................................................................................................... 105
23.9 Environmental specifications................................................................................................ 105
23.10 PHY labeling......................................................................................................................... 107
23.11 Timing summary ................................................................................................................... 108
23.12 Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 23, Physical
Coding Sublayer (PCS), Physical Medium Attachment (PMA) sublayer, and baseband
medium, type 100BASE-T4.................................................................................................. 117
24. Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS) and Physical Medium Attachment (PMA) sublayer, type
100BASE-X ..................................................................................................................................... 132
24.1 Overview............................................................................................................................... 132
24.2 Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS) .......................................................................................... 137
24.3 Physical Medium Attachment (PMA) sublayer .................................................................... 148
24.4 Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) sublayer service interface .......................................... 159
24.5 Compatibility considerations ................................................................................................ 162
24.6 Delay constraints................................................................................................................... 163
24.7 Environmental specifications................................................................................................ 164
24.8 Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 24,
Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS) and Physical Medium Attachment (PMA) sublayer, type
100BASE-X .......................................................................................................................... 165
25. Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) sublayer and baseband medium, type 100BASE-TX........... 168
25.1 Overview............................................................................................................................... 168
25.2 Functional specifications....................................................................................................... 168
25.3 General exceptions................................................................................................................ 168
25.4 Specific requirements and exceptions................................................................................... 169
SUPERSEDED
Copyright © 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved. xix
25.5 Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 25,
Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) sublayer and baseband medium, type
100BASE-TX........................................................................................................................ 173
26. Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) sublayer and baseband medium, type 100BASE-FX........... 176
26.1 Overview............................................................................................................................... 176
26.2 Functional specifications....................................................................................................... 176
26.3 General exceptions................................................................................................................ 176
26.4 Specific requirements and exceptions................................................................................... 177
26.5 Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 26,
Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) sublayer and baseband medium,
type 100BASE-FX ................................................................................................................ 178
27. Repeater for 100 Mb/s baseband networks...................................................................................... 180
27.1 Overview............................................................................................................................... 180
27.2 PMA interface messages....................................................................................................... 182
27.3 Repeater functional specifications ........................................................................................ 182
27.4 Repeater electrical specifications.......................................................................................... 201
27.5 Environmental specifications................................................................................................ 201
27.6 Repeater labeling................................................................................................................... 203
27.7 Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 27,
Repeater for 100 Mb/s baseband networks ........................................................................... 204
28. Physical Layer link signaling for 10 Mb/s, 100 Mb/s, and 1000 Mb/s Auto-Negotiation on
twisted pair....................................................................................................................................... 213
28.1 Overview............................................................................................................................... 213
28.2 Functional specifications....................................................................................................... 216
28.3 State diagrams and variable definitions ................................................................................ 234
28.4 Electrical specifications ........................................................................................................ 246
28.5 Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 28,
Physical Layer link signaling for 10 Mb/s, 100 Mb/s, and 1000 Mb/s Auto-Negotiation
on twisted pair ....................................................................................................................... 247
28.6 Auto-Negotiation expansion ................................................................................................. 260
29. System considerations for multisegment 100BASE-T networks..................................................... 261
29.1 Overview............................................................................................................................... 261
29.2 Transmission System Model 1.............................................................................................. 263
29.3 Transmission System Model 2.............................................................................................. 263
29.4 Full duplex 100 Mb/s topology limitations........................................................................... 268
30. 10 Mb/s, 100 Mb/s, 1000 Mb/s, MAC Control, and Link Aggregation Management .................... 269
30.1 Overview............................................................................................................................... 269
30.2 Managed objects.................................................................................................................... 272
30.3 Layer management for DTEs................................................................................................ 288
30.4 Layer management for 10, 100, and 1000 Mb/s baseband repeaters..................................... 301
30.5 Layer management for 10, 100, and 1000 Mb/s medium attachment units (MAUs)............ 312
30.6 Management for link Auto-Negotiation ................................................................................ 317
30.7 Management for Link Aggregation ....................................................................................... 320
SUPERSEDED
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