动手构建AngularJS：学习指南

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"构建你自己的angularjs" 本书是一本关于构建AngularJS 1.x的指南，旨在帮助读者从零开始学习并理解AngularJS的核心概念和机制。作者Tero Parviainen提供了详细步骤和实践项目，让读者能够亲手构建一个基础的AngularJS框架。在介绍中，作者强调了这本书的独特性，它不仅是一份教程，更是一个学习宝典，适合那些希望深入了解AngularJS 1.x工作原理的人。书中的内容包括了项目的设置、工具的安装、代码结构的创建以及一系列关键功能的实现。在项目设置部分，读者需要安装必要的开发工具，如Node.js、npm（Node包管理器）和Grunt（JavaScript任务运行器）。接着，创建项目目录和配置文件，如`package.json`用于管理依赖项，`Gruntfile.js`用于定义自动化任务。通过编写"Hello, World!"程序，读者可以快速上手，并开始进行静态分析和单元测试，使用JSHint进行代码质量检查，Jasmine和Sinon进行测试，以及Testem作为测试运行器。在深入讲解AngularJS的核心——Scope时，书中详细阐述了Scope和Digest循环的关系。Scope是AngularJS中数据绑定的基础，它连接了视图和应用模型。Scope对象是作用域树的一部分，用于存储和管理数据。$watch和$digest方法用于监视对象属性的变化，实现双向数据绑定。作者详细解释了如何检查脏值、初始化观察值，以及如何在脏值存在时持续进行Digest循环，直到所有观察者都达到稳定状态。同时，还讨论了如何在没有更多脏值时停止Digest循环，以及处理NaN等特殊情况的方法。 $eval函数在AngularJS中用于在特定Scope上下文中执行JavaScript代码，这在处理表达式和指令时非常关键。书中还可能涵盖了如何定义和使用自定义指令、服务、过滤器等AngularJS的重要组件。这本书通过实践的方式，逐步引导读者理解并实现AngularJS 1.x的核心功能，对于想要深入理解AngularJS的开发者来说，是一份宝贵的参考资料。通过跟随书中的步骤，读者不仅可以掌握AngularJS的基本用法，还能深入到框架内部，了解其设计思想和工作方式，从而提升自己的技能水平。

Build Your Own Angular Contents

21 Interpolation 971

The $interpolate service ........................... 971

Interpolating Strings .............................. 973

Value Stringiﬁcation .............................. 979

Supporting Escaped Interpolation Symbols ................. 981

Skipping Interpolation When There Are No Expressions .......... 983

Text Node Interpolation ............................ 984

Attribute Interpolation ............................. 991

Optimizing Interpolation Watches With A Watch Delegate ........ 1001

Making Interpolation Symbols Conﬁgurable ................. 1008

Summary .................................... 1014

22 Bootstrapping Angular 1017

Introduction

This book is written for the working programmer, who either wants to learn Angu-

larJS, or already knows AngularJS and wants to know what makes it tick.

AngularJS is not a small framework. It has a large surface area with many new

concepts to grasp. Its codebase is also substantial, with 35K lines of JavaScript in

it. While all of those new concepts and all of those lines of code give you powerful

tools to build the apps you need, they also come with a learning curve.

I hate working with technologies I don’t quite understand. Too often, it leads to

code that just happens to work, not b e cause you truly understand what it does, but

because you went through a lot of trial and error to make it work. Code like that is

diﬃcult to change and debug. You can’t reason your way through problems. You

just poke at the code until it all seems to align.

Frameworks like AngularJS, powerful as they are, are prone to this kind of code.

Do you understand how Angular does dependency injection? Do you know the

mechanics of sc ope inheritance? What exactly happens during directive transclusion?

When you don’t know how these things work, as I didn’t when I started working

with Angular, you just have to go by what the documentation says. When that isn’t

enough, you try diﬀerent things until you have what you need.

The thing is, while there’s a lot of code in AngularJS, it’s all just code. It’s no

diﬀerent from the code in your applications. Most of it is well-factored, readable

code. You can study it to learn how Angular does what it does. When you’ve done

that, you’re much better equipped to deal with the iss ues you face in your daily

application development work. You’ll know not only what features Angular provides

to solve a particular problem, but also how those features work, how to get the most

out of them, and where they fall short.

The purpose of this book is to help you demystify the inner workings of AngularJS.

To take it apart and put it back toge ther again, in order to truly understand how it

works.

A true craftsman knows their tools well. So well that they could in fact make their

own tools if needed. This book will help you get there with AngularJS.

Build Your Own Angular Chapter 0. Introduction

How To Read This Book

During the course of the book we will be building an implementation of AngularJS.

We’ll start from the very beginning, and in each chapter extend the implementation

with new capabilities.

While there are certain areas of functionality in Angular that are largely independent,

most of the code you’ll be writing builds on things implemented in previous chapters.

That is why a sequential reading will help you get the most out of this book.

The format of the book is simple: Each feature is introduced by discussing what it

is and why it’s needed. We will then proceed to implement the feature following

test-driven development practices: By writing failing tests and then writing the code

to make them pass. As a result, we will produce not only the framework c ode, but

also a test suite for it.

It is highly encouraged that you not only read the co de, but also actually type it in

and build your own Angular while reading the book. To really make sure you’ve

grasped a conce pt, poke it from diﬀerent directions: Write additional test cases. Try

to intentionally break it in a few ways. Refactor the code to match your own style

while keeping the tests passing.

If you’re only interested in certain parts of the framework, feel free to skip to the

chapters that interest you. While you may need to reference back occasionally,

you should be able to poach the best bits of Angular to your own application or

framework with little diﬃculty.

Source Code

The source code and tes t suite implemented in this book can be found on GitHub,

at https://github.com/teropa/build-your-own-angularjs/.

To make following along easier, commits in the repository are ordered to match the

order of events in the book. Each commit message references the corres ponding

section title in the book. Note that this means that during the production of the

book, the history of the code repository may change as revisions are made.

There is also a Git tag for each chapter, pointing to the state of the codebase at the

end of that chapter. You can download archives of the code corresponding to these

tags from https://github.com/teropa/build-your-own-angularjs/releases.

Contributors

I would like to thank the following people for their valuable feedback and help during

the writing of this book:

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动手构建AngularJS：学习指南

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