Java Message Service深入解析

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"Java Message Service (JMS) 是一种用于在分布式系统中交换消息的标准API，由Java平台提供。本书《Java Message Service, Second Edition》由Mark Richards、Richard Monson-Haefel和David A. Chappell共同撰写，详细介绍了JMS的使用和原理，适合Java开发者学习和参考。" 在Java世界中，Java Message Service (JMS) 是一个重要的组件，它允许应用程序创建、发送、接收和读取消息。JMS 提供了一种标准的方式，使得不同的应用和服务器可以异步地交换数据，增强了系统的可扩展性和可靠性。通过使用消息中间件，JMS可以帮助解耦发送和接收消息的组件，使它们能够在不同时刻运行，甚至在不同的网络环境中。第二版的《Java Message Service》详细涵盖了以下几个关键知识点： 1. **消息模型**：JMS支持两种消息模型，点对点（Point-to-Point）和发布/订阅（Publish/Subscribe）。点对点模型中，消息被一个消费者接收并处理，而发布/订阅模型中，消息可以被多个订阅者接收。 2. **消息与队列**：在JMS中，消息是数据传输的基本单元，它们可以被放入消息队列（Queue）或主题（Topic）。队列遵循点对点模型，每个消息只被一个消费者消费；主题遵循发布/订阅模型，一个消息可以被多个订阅者消费。 3. **消息类型**：JMS支持三种消息类型——文本消息、二进制消息和对象消息。文本消息是最常见的，以字符串形式存储；二进制消息可以传输任意字节流；对象消息则允许直接传递Java对象。 4. **JMS API**：JMS提供了一套API，包括ConnectionFactory、Destination、MessageProducer、MessageConsumer和Message接口等。ConnectionFactory用于创建与消息提供者的连接，Destination定义了消息的目标，MessageProducer和MessageConsumer分别用于发送和接收消息。 5. **事务管理**：JMS支持事务操作，确保消息的可靠传递。可以使用本地JMS事务或与JTA（Java Transaction API）集成进行分布式事务。 6. **持久化**：JMS允许配置消息的持久性，即使在消息代理（如消息队列服务器）重启后，消息也不会丢失。 7. **消息选择器**：在接收消息时，可以使用消息选择器来过滤出符合特定条件的消息。 8. **JMS Provider**：实际实现JMS规范的软件，如Apache ActiveMQ、IBM WebSphere MQ和OracleAQ等。《Java Message Service, Second Edition》这本书不仅讲解了这些基本概念，还深入探讨了JMS在实际应用中的最佳实践、性能优化以及如何处理错误和异常。对于想要理解和使用JMS的开发者来说，这本书是一份宝贵的资源，可以帮助他们构建健壮、可扩展的分布式系统。

With the exception of the Chat application found in Chapter 2, all of the sample code

has been changed to reflect more up-to-date messaging use cases and to illustrate some

additional features of JMS that were not included in the first edition.

I added several new chapters that were not included in the first edition, for obvious

reasons. You will find new sections in the first chapter on the JMS API, updated

messaging use cases, and a discussion of how messaging has changed how we design

systems. You will also find new chapters on message filtering, Java EE and message-

driven beans, Spring JMS and message-driven POJOs, and messaging design.

In addition to adding new chapters, I significantly revised the existing chapters. Because

I updated the sample code used to illustrate various points throughout the book, I was

in turn forced to rewrite much of the corresponding text. This provided me with the

opportunity to add additional sections and topics, particularly in Chapter 4, Point-to-

Point Messaging, and Chapter 5, Publish-and-Subscribe Messaging. I also reversed these

chapters from the first edition with the belief that it is easier to jump into messaging

with the point-to-point messaging model using queues rather than the publish-and-

subscribe messaging model using topics and subscribers.

I hope you find the new edition of this book helpful in terms of understanding the Java

Message Service and messaging in general.

—Mark Richards

Who Should Read This Book?

This book explains and demonstrates the fundamentals of Java Message Service. It

provides a straightforward, no-nonsense explanation of the underlying technology,

Java classes and interfaces, programming models, and various implementations of the

JMS specification.

Although this book focuses on the fundamentals, it’s no “dummy’s” book. While the

JMS API is easy to learn, the API abstracts fairly complex enterprise technology. Before

reading this book, you should be fluent with the Java language and have some practical

experience developing business solutions. Experience with messaging systems is not

required, but you must have a working knowledge of the Java language.

Organization

The book is organized into 11 chapters and 4 appendixes. Chapter 1 explains messaging

systems, messaging use cases, centralized and distributed architectures, and why JMS

is important. Chapters 2 through 6 go into detail about developing JMS clients using

the two messaging models, point-to-point and publish-and-subscribe, including how

to filter messages using message selectors. Chapters 7 and 10 should be considered

“advanced topics,” covering deployment and administration of messaging systems.

Chapter 8 provides an overview of the Java 2, Enterprise Edition (Java EE) with regard

xiv | Preface

to JMS, including coverage of message-driven beans as part of the Enterprise JavaBeans

3.0 specification. Chapter 9 covers the Spring Framework as it relates to messaging.

Finally, Chapter 11 provides some insight into many of the design considerations and

anti-patterns associated with messaging.

Chapter 1, Messaging Basics

Defines enterprise messaging and common architectures used by messaging ven-

dors. JMS is defined and explained, as are its two programming models, publish-

and-subscribe and point-to-point. Many of the use cases and real-world scenarios

for messaging are described in this chapter, as are the basics of the JMS API.

Chapter 2, Developing a Simple Example

Walks the reader through the development of a simple publish-and-subscribe JMS

client.

Chapter 3, Anatomy of a JMS Message

Provides a detailed examination of the JMS message, the most important part of

the JMS API.

Chapter 4, Point-to-Point Messaging

Examines the point-to-point messaging model through the development of a sim-

ple borrower and lender JMS application. Also covers some of the finer points of

the point-to-point messaging model, including message correlation, dynamic

queues, load balancing, and queue browsing.

Chapter 5, Publish-and-Subscribe Messaging

Examines the publish-and-subscribe messaging model through the enhancement

of the borrower and lender application developed in Chapter 4. This chapter also

covers durable subscribers, nondurable subscribers, dynamic durable subscribers,

and temporary topics.

Chapter 6, Message Filtering

Provides a detailed explanation of message filtering using message selectors.

Chapter 7, Guaranteed Messaging and Transactions

Provides an in-depth explanation of advanced topics, including guaranteed mes-

saging, transactions, acknowledgments, message grouping, and failures.

Chapter 8, Java EE and Message-Driven Beans

Provides an overview of the Java 2, Enterprise Edition (Java EE) version 3.0 with

regard to JMS and includes coverage of message-driven beans (MDBs).

Chapter 9, Spring and JMS

Provides a detailed explanation of the Spring Framework with regards to JMS,

including the Spring JMS Template and message-driven POJOs (MDPs).

Chapter 10, Deployment Considerations

Provides an in-depth examination of features and issues that should be considered

when choosing vendors and deploying JMS applications.

Preface | xv

Chapter 11, Messaging Design Considerations

Provides insight into and explanation of several design considerations, including

the use of internal versus external destinations, request/reply processing, and a

discussion of some of the more common messaging anti-patterns.

Appendix A, The Java Message Service API

Provides a quick reference to the classes and interfaces defined in the JMS package.

Appendix B, Message Headers

Provides detailed information about message headers.

Appendix C, Message Properties

Provides detailed information about message properties.

Appendix D, Installing and Configuring ActiveMQ

Provides detailed information about installing and configuring ActiveMQ to run

the examples in this book.

Software and Versions

This book covers Java Message Service version 1.1. It uses Java language features from

the Java 6 platform. Because the focus of this book is to develop vendor-independent

JMS clients and applications, I have stayed away from proprietary extensions and

vendor-dependent idioms. Any JMS-compliant provider can be used with this book;

you should be familiar with that provider’s specific installation, deployment, and run-

time management procedures to work with the examples. To find out the details of

installing and running JMS clients for a specific JMS provider, consult your JMS ven-

dor’s documentation; these details aren’t covered by the JMS specification. We have

provided the details for running the examples with ActiveMQ, a popular open source

JMS provider, in Appendix D.

The source code examples and explanation in Chapter 8 refer to the Enterprise Java-

Beans 3.0 (EJB 3) specification. The source code examples and explanation in Chap-

ter 9 refer to version 2.5 of the Spring Framework

The examples developed in this book are available through the book’s catalog page at

http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596522049/examples. These examples are organized by

chapter. Special source code modified for specific vendors is also provided. These

vendor-specific examples include a readme.txt file that points to documentation for

downloading and installing the JMS provider, as well as specific instructions for setting

up the provider for each example.

Conventions Used in This Book

The following typographical conventions are used in this book:

xvi | Preface

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