压缩感知与稀疏表示:理论到信号处理的应用

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"Sparse and Redundant Representations: From Theory to Applications in Signal and Image Processing" 在信息技术领域,稀疏和冗余表示是至关重要的概念,它们在信号处理和图像处理中有着广泛的应用。稀疏表示是指一个信号或数据集可以用少量非零元素来有效地表示,这通常涉及到信号的压缩和编码。冗余表示则是在不同基或框架下对同一信号的多种表达,即使这些表示可能包含许多重复或无关的信息。这两个概念在压缩感知(Compressed Sensing)理论中得到了深度融合。 压缩感知是2006年由Emmanuel Candes、Justin Romberg、Terence Tao、David Donoho等研究人员开创的一门新兴学科,它颠覆了传统的奈奎斯特定理。根据奈奎斯特定理,一个信号需要以至少等于其最高频率的两倍的速率进行采样,以避免信息损失。然而,压缩感知理论表明,如果信号可以被表示为稀疏的,那么可以以远低于奈奎斯特定理所要求的速率进行采样,而不会丧失重构信号的能力。 这一理论的影响力巨大,吸引了众多信息论专家、数学家和其他科研人员的关注。压缩感知不仅仅是一个独立的领域,而且它与稀疏表示理论有着紧密的联系。尽管如此,压缩感知并非稀疏表示模型的全部,它只是其中的一个分支。本书作者Michael Elad强调,关于压缩感知的知识已经足够丰富,可以单独成书。 稀疏表示理论在信号处理中的应用包括但不限于信号恢复、噪声抑制和压缩编码。在图像处理方面,它可以用于图像去噪、超分辨率重建和图像压缩。通过寻找最优化的稀疏表示,这些问题可以得到高效且高质量的解决方案。 冗余表示在信息处理中的作用主要体现在容错能力、数据的多角度理解以及潜在模式的发现。例如,在无线通信中,冗余编码可以提高信号传输的可靠性;在机器学习和数据挖掘中,不同的特征表示可以揭示数据的不同特性,帮助模型更好地捕获数据的本质。 稀疏和冗余表示是现代信息技术的基础,它们不仅推动了压缩感知的发展,也在信号处理和图像处理等领域开辟了新的研究方向。通过深入理解和巧妙利用这些理论,我们可以设计出更高效、更鲁棒的数据处理算法,从而提升系统性能和用户体验。
2011-03-21 上传
This textbook introduces sparse and redundant representations with a focus on applications in signal and image processing. The theoretical and numerical foundations are tackled before the applications are discussed. Mathematical modeling for signal sources is discussed along with how to use the proper model for tasks such as denoising, restoration, separation, interpolation and extrapolation, compression, sampling, analysis and synthesis, detection, recognition, and more. The presentation is elegant and engaging. Sparse and Redundant Representations is intended for graduate students in applied mathematics and electrical engineering, as well as applied mathematicians, engineers, and researchers who are active in the fields of signal and image processing. * Introduces theoretical and numerical foundations before tackling applications * Discusses how to use the proper model for various situations * Introduces sparse and redundant representations * Focuses on applications in signal and image processing The field of sparse and redundant representation modeling has gone through a major revolution in the past two decades. This started with a series of algorithms for approximating the sparsest solutions of linear systems of equations, later to be followed by surprising theoretical results that guarantee these algorithms’ performance. With these contributions in place, major barriers in making this model practical and applicable were removed, and sparsity and redundancy became central, leading to state-of-the-art results in various disciplines. One of the main beneficiaries of this progress is the field of image processing, where this model has been shown to lead to unprecedented performance in various applications. This book provides a comprehensive view of the topic of sparse and redundant representation modeling, and its use in signal and image processing. It offers a systematic and ordered exposure to the theoretical foundations of this data model, the numerical aspects of the involved algorithms, and the signal and image processing applications that benefit from these advancements. The book is well-written, presenting clearly the flow of the ideas that brought this field of research to its current achievements. It avoids a succession of theorems and proofs by providing an informal description of the analysis goals and building this way the path to the proofs. The applications described help the reader to better understand advanced and up-to-date concepts in signal and image processing. Written as a text-book for a graduate course for engineering students, this book can also be used as an easy entry point for readers interested in stepping into this field, and for others already active in this area that are interested in expanding their understanding and knowledge.