手动部署OpenStack 3.0 Grizzly安装与配置详解

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本指南详细介绍了OpenStack 3.0（Grizzly）的安装与配置过程，适合那些希望手动设置OpenStack环境的专业人士。《Red Hat OpenStack Red Hat OpenStack 3.0 (Grizzly) Installation and Configuration Guide》是专为读者提供一个实用且深入的教程，由经验丰富的作者Steve Gordon、Tim Hildred、Summer Long、Scott Radvan和Joshua Wulf共同编撰。他们分别是sgordon@redhat.com、thildred@redhat.com、slong@redhat.com、sradvan@redhat.com和jwulf@redhat.com。在阅读过程中，您将发现以下几个关键知识点： 1. **OpenStack 3.0概述**：Grizzly版本是OpenStack项目的一个里程碑，它在功能和性能上有所增强，支持云计算基础设施的扩展和管理，包括虚拟化、网络、存储和计算服务。 2. **文档特色**：手册特别设计了易读性和交互性，帮助读者快速找到相关信息，并鼓励反馈，以便不断优化和更新内容。 3. **安装流程**：涵盖从基础环境准备、软件包安装、硬件配置到各个组件（如Nova、Swift、Neutron等）的部署和配置步骤，确保逐步指导用户完成整个安装过程。 4. **安全性与许可**：所有内容遵循Creative Commons Attribution–ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA) 许可协议，这意味着用户可以在尊重原作者权益的前提下自由分享和修改文档，但必须注明原始来源。 5. **专家团队支持**：作者们是Red Hat资深专家，他们的专业知识和实践经验将帮助读者解决在安装和配置过程中可能遇到的问题。 6. **法律声明**：版权信息明确，强调Red Hat对文档内容的独家权利，以及在法律允许范围内关于版权和许可的灵活处理。《Red Hat OpenStack 3.0 (Grizzly) Installation and Configuration Guide》是一个全面的、实用的资源，对于希望深入了解和实践OpenStack 3.0技术的系统管理员、运维工程师和开发者来说，是不可或缺的参考资料。通过阅读和实践该指南，用户将能够掌握OpenStack平台的搭建和维护，为云计算项目的成功实施奠定坚实的基础。

Part I. Introduction

Red Hat OpenStack Red Hat OpenStack 3.0 (Grizzly) Installation and Configuration Guide

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Table 1.1. Services

Sectio n Code Description

Dashboard horizon A web-based dashboard for managing OpenStack

services.

Identity keyston

A centralized identit y service that provides

aut hent ication and authorization for other services, and

manages users, tenants, and roles.

OpenStack

Networking

quantu

A net working service that provides connectivity

between the int erfaces of ot her OpenSt ack services.

Block St orage cinder A service that manages persistent block storage

volumes for virtual machines.

Compute nova A service that launches and schedules networks of

machines running on nodes.

Image glance A registry service for virtual machine images.

Object St orage swift A service providing object st orage which allows users

to store and retrieve files (arbitrary data).

Metering

(Technical Preview)

ceilome

ter

A service providing measurement s of cloud resources.

Orchest ration

(Technical Preview)

heat A service providing a template-based orchestration

engine, which supports the automatic creation of

resource stacks.

The Service Details section provides more det ailed information about the Openstack service

components. Each OpenStack service is comprised of a collect ion of Linux services, MySQL

databases, or ot her components, which together provide a functional group. For example, the

glance-api and glance-registry Linux services, together with a MySQL database, implement

the Image service.

Import ant

For more information on the support scope for features marked as technology previews,

refer to https://access.redhat.com/support/offerings/t echpreview/

1.3. Service Details

1.3.1. Dashboard Service

The Dashboard service provides a graphical user int erface for end users and administrators,

allowing operations such as creating and launching instances, managing networking, and sett ing

access controls. Its modular design allows interfacing with other product s such as billing,

monitoring, and addit ional management tools. The service provides three basic dashboards:

user, system, and settings.

The following screenshot displays a user's dashboard aft er OpenStack is first inst alled:

Red Hat OpenStack Red Hat OpenStack 3.0 (Grizzly) Installation and Configuration Guide

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The Identity service uses the following concept s:

Users, which have associated information (such as a name and password). In addition to

custom users, a user must be defined for each cataloged service (for example, the 'glance'

user for the Image service).

Tenant s, which are generally the user's group, project, or organization.

Roles, which det ermine a user's permissions.

The Identity service is composed of:

keystone service, which provides the administ rative and public APIs.

Databases for each of the internal services.

1.3.3. OpenStack Net working Service

The OpenStack Net working service provides a scalable and API-driven system for managing the

network connectivit y, addressing, and services within an OpenStack IaaS cloud deployment .

Because the OpenStack network is soft ware-defined, it can easily and quickly react to

changing net work needs (for example, creating and assigning new IP addresses).

Advantages include:

Users can create networks, control traffic, and connect servers and devices to one or more

networks.

OpenStack offers flexible networking models, so that administ rators can change the

networking model to adapt to their volume and tenancy.

IPs can be dedicated or floating; floating IPs allow dynamic traffic rerouting.

OpenStack Networking is composed of:

quantum-server Python daemon, which manages user request s (and exposes the API).

The quantum-server daemon is configured with a plugin that implements the OpenStack

Networking API operations using a specific set of net working mechanisms. A wide choice of

plugins are also available. For example, the openvswitch and linuxbridge plugins utilize

native Linux net working mechanisms, while other plugins interface with external devices or

SDN cont rollers.

quantum-l3-agent, an agent providing L3/NAT forwarding.

quantum-*-agent, a plug-in agent that runs on each node to perform local networking

configuration for the node's VMs and net working services.

quantum-dhcp-agent, an agent providing DHCP services to tenant networks.

Database, for persistent st orage.

1.3.4. Block Storage Service

The Block Storage (or volume) service provides persistent block storage management for

virtual hard drives. The block st orage system manages the creation of block devices to

servers. Block storage volumes are fully integrated into both the Compute and Dashboard

services, which allows cloud users to manage their own storage needs (Compute handles the

att aching and detaching of devices). Both regions and zones (for det ails, refer to the Object

Storage section) can be used to handle distribut ed block storage host s.

Block storage is appropriate for performance-sensitive scenarios such as database storage,

expandable file systems, or providing a server with access to raw block-level storage.

Additionally, snapshots can be taken to eit her rest ore data or to create new block storage

volumes (snapshots are dependent upon driver support).

Basic operations include:

Create, list, and delete volumes.

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