使用HTML, CSS和JavaScript开发Windows 8应用

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"《Programming Window8 App with HTML,CSS, and JavaScript》是微软出版社出版的一本关于开发Windows 8应用程序的书籍，主要介绍了使用HTML、CSS和JavaScript这三种技术进行应用开发的方法。" 本书深入浅出地讲解了如何利用Web开发技术来构建Windows 8平台的应用程序。HTML、CSS和JavaScript作为Web开发的三大基础，也被广泛应用在Windows 8应用开发中，这是因为Windows 8引入了基于Web技术的Modern UI（也称为Metro风格）应用模型。这种模型允许开发者使用他们熟悉的Web技术来构建原生的、具有现代用户界面的应用。首先，HTML在书中被用来定义应用的结构和内容。学习如何创建响应式布局，适应不同设备的屏幕尺寸，以及如何使用HTML5的新特性，如离线存储、拖放功能和媒体元素，来提升用户体验，是开发Windows 8应用的基础。其次，CSS则用于设计和美化应用的外观。理解如何使用CSS3的边框和阴影效果、转换和动画，以及响应式设计策略，可以帮助开发者创建美观且动态的界面。同时，书中还会涵盖如何使用CSS对Windows 8特有的UI元素进行样式控制，如Charms栏和应用栏。再者，JavaScript是实现应用逻辑的关键。通过JavaScript，开发者可以处理用户交互、数据管理和网络通信。书中将介绍如何使用WinJS库（Windows JavaScript库），它是专门为Windows 8应用设计的一个强大的工具集，包含了许多用于事件处理、异步编程和UI操作的功能。此外，书中还会涉及Windows 8应用的生命周期管理，包括如何在启动、暂停、恢复和关闭等状态之间进行操作。开发者还需要了解如何利用Windows API来访问系统资源，如文件系统、通知中心和设备传感器。在开发过程中，调试和测试是不可或缺的部分。本书将指导读者使用Visual Studio的调试工具，以便有效地定位和修复代码中的问题。同时，也会介绍如何进行应用性能优化，确保应用在各种硬件配置上运行流畅。最后，书中可能会讨论提交应用到Windows Store的过程，包括应用的打包、认证和发布策略，帮助开发者将他们的作品推向市场。《Programming Window8 App with HTML,CSS, and JavaScript》是一本全面的指南，旨在帮助开发者利用Web技术构建高质量、互动性强的Windows 8应用。无论你是Web开发者希望扩展技能，还是Windows开发者想了解新的开发范式，这本书都将提供宝贵的知识和实践经验。

Chapter 16: WinRT Components: An Introduction .............................................................. 716

Choosing a Mixed Language Approach (and Web Workers) ...................................................................................... 718

Quickstarts: Creating and Debugging Components ....................................................................................................... 720

Quickstart #1: Creating a Component in C# ................................................................................................................. 721

Quickstart #2: Creating a Component in C++ ............................................................................................................. 726

Comparing the Results .......................................................................................................................................................... 729

Key Concepts for WinRT Components ................................................................................................................................ 731

Implementing Asynchronous Methods ........................................................................................................................... 733

JavaScript Workers ................................................................................................................................................................. 734

Async Basics in WinRT Components ................................................................................................................................ 737

Arrays, Vectors, and Other Alternatives .......................................................................................................................... 742

Projections into JavaScript ................................................................................................................................................... 746

Scenarios for WinRT Components ......................................................................................................................................... 748

Higher Performance .............................................................................................................................................................. 748

Access to Additional APIs..................................................................................................................................................... 750

Obfuscating Code and Protecting Intellectual Property ........................................................................................... 752

Library Components .............................................................................................................................................................. 753

Concurrency ............................................................................................................................................................................. 753

What We’ve Just Learned ......................................................................................................................................................... 754

Chapter 17: Apps for Everyone: Accessibility, World-Readiness,

and the Windows Store ........................................................................................................... 755

Your App, Your Business ........................................................................................................................................................... 757

Side Loading ............................................................................................................................................................................. 758

Planning: Can the App Be a Windows Store App? ...................................................................................................... 760

Planning for Monetization (or Not) ................................................................................................................................. 761

Free Apps .................................................................................................................................................................................. 762

Ad-Supported Apps .............................................................................................................................................................. 763

Paid Apps and Trial Versions .............................................................................................................................................. 764

In-App Purchases ................................................................................................................................................................... 766

Revenue Sharing and Custom Commerce for In-App Purchases .......................................................................... 767

The Windows Store APIs ........................................................................................................................................................... 768

The CurrentAppSimulator Object ..................................................................................................................................... 770

Trial Versions and App Purchase ....................................................................................................................................... 774

Listing and Purchasing In-App Products ........................................................................................................................ 776

Receipts ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 780

Accessibility ................................................................................................................................................................................... 781

Screen Readers and Aria Attributes .................................................................................................................................. 784

The ARIA Sample .................................................................................................................................................................... 785

Handling Contrast Variations ............................................................................................................................................. 788

CSS Styling for High Contrast ............................................................................................................................................ 790

High Contrast Resources ..................................................................................................................................................... 793

Scale + Contrast = Resource Qualifiers .......................................................................................................................... 794

High Contrast Tile and Toast Images .............................................................................................................................. 795

World Readiness and Localization......................................................................................................................................... 795

Globalization ............................................................................................................................................................................ 797

User Language and Other Settings .................................................................................................................................. 798

Formatting Culture-Specific Data and Calendar Math ............................................................................................. 801

Sorting and Grouping ........................................................................................................................................................... 803

Fonts and Text Layout .......................................................................................................................................................... 803

Preparing for Localization ................................................................................................................................................... 805

Part 1: Separating String Resources ................................................................................................................................. 805

Part 2: Structuring Resources for the Default Language .......................................................................................... 813

Creating Localized Resources: The Multilingual App Toolkit .................................................................................. 816

Testing with the Pseudo Language .................................................................................................................................. 821

Localization Wrap-Up ........................................................................................................................................................... 823

Releasing Your App to the World .......................................................................................................................................... 824

Promotional Screenshots, Store Graphics, and Text Copy ....................................................................................... 824

Testing and Pre-Certification Tools .................................................................................................................................. 825

Onboarding and Working through Rejection .............................................................................................................. 827

App Updates ............................................................................................................................................................................. 827

Introduction

Welcome, my friends, to Windows 8! On behalf of the thousands of designers, program managers,

developers, test engineers, and writers who have brought the product to life, I'm delighted to welcome

you into a world of Windows Reimagined.

This theme is no mere sentimental marketing ploy, intended to bestow an aura of newness to

something that is essentially unchanged, like those household products that make a big splash on the

idea of "New and Improved Packaging!" No, Microsoft Windows truly has been reborn—after more

than a quarter-century, something genuinely new has emerged.

I suspect—indeed expect—that you're already somewhat familiar with the reimagined user

experience of Windows 8. You're probably reading this book, in fact, because you know that the ability

of Windows 8 to reach across desktop, laptop, and tablet devices, along with the global reach of the

Windows Store, will provide you with tremendous business opportunities, whether you're in business, as

I like to say, for fame, fortune, fun, or philanthropy.

We'll certainly see many facets of this new user experience throughout the course of this book. Our

primary focus, however, will be on the reimagined developer experience.

I don't say this lightly. When I first began giving presentations within Microsoft about building

Windows Store apps, I liked to show a slide of what the world was like in the year 1985. It was the time

of Ronald Reagan, Margaret Thatcher, and Cold War tensions. It was the time of VCRs and the discovery

of AIDS. It was when Back to the Future was first released, Michael Jackson topped the charts with

Thriller, and Steve Jobs was kicked out of Apple. And it was when software developers got their first

taste of the original Windows API and the programming model for desktop applications.

The longevity of that programming model has been impressive. It's been in place for over a

quarter-century now and has grown to become the heart of the largest business ecosystem on the

planet. The API itself, known today as Win32, has also grown to become the largest on the planet! What

started out on the order of about 300 callable methods has expanded three orders of magnitude, well

beyond the point that any one individual could even hope to understand a fraction of it. I'd certainly

given up such futile efforts myself.

So when I bumped into my old friend Kyle Marsh in the fall of 2009 just after Windows 7 had been

released and heard from him that Microsoft was planning to reinvigorate native app development for

Windows 8, my ears were keen to listen. In the months that followed I learned that Microsoft was

introducing a completely new API called the Windows Runtime (or WinRT). This wasn't meant to replace

Win32, mind you; desktop applications would still be supported. No, this was a programming model

built from the ground up for a new breed of touch-centric, immersive apps that could compete with

those emerging on various mobile platforms. It would be designed from the app developer's point of

view, rather than the system's, so that key features would take only a few lines of code to implement

rather than hundreds or thousands. It would also enable direct native app development in multiple

programming languages. This meant that new operating system capabilities would surface to those

developers without having to wait for an update to some intermediate framework. It also meant that

developers who had experience in any one of those language choices would find a natural home when

writing apps for Windows 8.

This was very exciting news to me because the last time that Microsoft did anything significant to the

Windows programming model was in the early 1990s with a technology called the Component Object

Model (COM), which is exactly what allowed the Win32 API to explode as it did. Ironically, it was my role

at that time to introduce COM to the developer community, which I did through two editions of Inside

OLE (Microsoft Press, 1993 and 1995) and seemingly endless travel to speak at conferences and visit

partner companies. History, indeed, does tend to repeat itself, for here I am again!

In December 2010, I was part of the small team who set out to write the very first Windows Store

apps using what parts of the new WinRT API had become available. Notepad was the text editor of

choice, we built and ran apps on the command line by using abstruse Powershell scripts that required us

to manually type out ungodly hash strings, we had no documentation other than oft-incomplete

functional specifications, and we basically had no debugger to speak of other than the tried and true

window.alert and document.writeln. Indeed, we generally worked out as much HTML, CSS, and

JavaScript as we could inside a browser with F12 debugging tools, only adding WinRT-specific code at

the end because browsers couldn't resolve those APIs. You can imagine how we celebrated when we got

anything to work at all!

Fortunately, it wasn't long before tools like Visual Studio Express and Blend for Visual Studio became

available. By the spring of 2011, when I was giving many training sessions to people inside Microsoft on

building apps for Windows 8, the process was becoming far more enjoyable and exceedingly more

productive. Indeed, while it took us some weeks in late 2010 to get even Hello World to show up on the

screen, by the fall of 2011 we were working with partner companies who pulled together complete

Store-ready apps in roughly the same amount of time.

As we've seen—thankfully fulfilling our expectations—it's possible to build a great app in a matter of

weeks. I'm hoping that this ebook, along with the extensive resources on http://dev.windows.com

, will

help you to accomplish exactly that and to reimagine your own designs.

Who This Book Is For

This book is about writing Windows Store apps using HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript. Our primary focus

will be on applying these web technologies within the Windows 8 platform, where there are unique

considerations, and not on exploring the details of those web technologies themselves. For the most

part, then, I'm assuming that you're already at least somewhat conversant with these standards. We will

cover some of the more salient areas like the CSS grid, which is central to app layout, but otherwise I

trust that you're capable of finding appropriate references for most everything else.

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TC2014

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