H.264/SVC编码性能与位流分析

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"H.264/SVC性能与编码位流分析" 本文是关于H.264/SVC（Scalable Video Coding）编码技术的性能评估和位流分析，作者包括Amina Kessentini、Imen Werda、Amine Samet、Mohamed Ali Ben Ayed和Nouri Masmoudi，发表在2011年12月的《国际计算机应用》期刊（International Journal of Computer Applications）第36卷第8期。研究重点在于深入解析H.264/SVC的位流结构，评估其在不同网络带宽限制下的表现，并突出其相对于H.264/AVC的增益。 H.264/SVC是联合视频团队（JVT）为应对各种显示传输、分辨率和信道容量需求而开发的H.264/AVC的扩展。这种编码技术的核心特点是提供了一个具有多个可扩展性层的单一压缩位流，使得数据可以根据不同的网络条件进行灵活的解码和呈现。文章首次对H.264/SVC的位流进行了详尽的剖析，旨在揭示其贡献并分析各个子位流模块的大小和重要性。初步分析结果显示，使用H.264/SVC进行多播编码相比于传统的 simulcast（同时发送多个独立编码的流）可以平均降低18%的比特率。这表明H.264/SVC在节省带宽资源方面具有显著优势，特别是在需要向不同接收端提供相同视频内容时。其次，文章强调了跨层预测的重要性。跨层预测是H.264/SVC的一个关键特性，它允许上层图像利用下层图像的信息进行编码，从而提高了编码效率。分析证明，这一机制对于提高视频质量并减少编码复杂性至关重要。进一步的研究中，作者探讨了两种最佳的组合策略，以适应两种不同的网络带宽限制情况。这些策略可能涉及到如何有效地分配和调整各层的编码参数，以达到最佳的性能和用户体验。最后，通过分析构成H.264/SVC位流的不同子字段，研究发现残留模块占据了总数据输出的大部分，最高可达72%。残留模块通常包含原始图像与预测图像之间的差异信息，是编码过程中的关键部分。此外，对于B帧，基层信息占据了大部分比特消耗，这是因为B帧依赖于前后帧的预测，因此其编码需要更多的信息来确保解码质量。 H.264/SVC通过其可扩展性和高效的跨层预测机制，实现了比特率的有效优化，尤其适合于需要适应多种网络条件和显示设备的多媒体传输场景。通过对位流的深入分析，本文为理解和优化H.264/SVC编码提供了宝贵的见解。

International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)

Volume 36– No.8, December 2011

H.264/SVC Performance and Encoder Bit-

stream Analysis

Amina Kessentini, Imen Werda, Amine Samet, Mohamed Ali Ben Ayed, Nouri Masmoudi

Laboratory of Electronics and Information Technologies (LETI)

University of Sfax, National school of Engineering

B.P.W, 3038 Sfax, TUNISIA

ABSTRACT

With the introduction of diverse variety of display transmission

and resolutions channel capacities, the Joint Video Team (JVT)

has developed the H.264/SVC as an extension of H.264/AVC. In

fact, it provides a single compressed bit-stream with several

scalability levels. Such a dataflow needs to be analyzed.

Consequently, this paper is the first that decorticates and

investigates the H264/SVC bit-stream in order to highlight its

contribution from one hand and to analyze deeply the different

sub bit-stream modules in terms of size and importance on the

other hand. Results of a first analysis shows that multicast

coding using H264/SVC standard provides an average bit rate

reduction of 18% compared to simulcast. Second analysis

demonstrates the importance of inter layer prediction. Then a

third study illustrates two best combinations for two network

bandwidth limitation. Finally, analysis of different subfields that

constitute H264/SVC bit stream shows the importance of the

residual module which can form up to 72% of the total data

output. Results also illustrate the significance of the inter-layer

prediction. In fact, base layer information takes the lion’s share

of bit consumption mainly for B frame.

General Terms

Signal processing, video compression.

Keywords

Scalable Video Coding, bit-stream, complexity, inter-layer

prediction.

1. INTRODUCTION

Currently, the real-time video transmission over the Internet is

more and more used in several applications. This heterogeneity

causes problems of bit-stream adaptation to ensure a good

quality of customer service. One solution to this problem is to

deliver the same video with different characteristics such as

resolution, video quality and frame rate. Thus, the user can

choose the video according to his needs. Despite the efficiency

of this solution, it causes numerous problems for instance:

storage, video management at server level and redundancy

packages from the video. Certainly, this redundancy is due to the

fact that two versions of the same video have several packages

in common. To overcome these problems, scalable video coding

(SVC) standard was adopted. In fact, SVC is the recent

development of the Joint Video Team (JVT) of ITU-T Video

Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and ISO/IEC Moving Pictures

Experts Group (MPEG) [1]. It can be considered as an extension

of the H.264/AVC [2, 3, 4]. It is designed to offer temporal,

quality (SNR), and spatial scalability. The resulting SVC bit

stream is scalable thus; an explicit part can be deserted to get a

sub-stream which may be decoded in order to provide an output

video sequence with reduced frame-rate or for targeted spatial

resolution or quality in terms of PSNR. In this paper, a survey of

the complexity of this standard was developed in order to

highlight the complexity source of this standard. No H264/SVC

bit stream analysis was performed in literature to emphasis the

size and the importance of the different modules that constitute

the sub-streams that insure the scalability. In fact, using the

video scalability, different versions of a single video sequence is

stored in one file. Therefore, it can serve different users with a

single stream and limits the amount of data flowing over the

network. In fact, many features or tools are introduced in order

to lead a better coding efficiency which causes a major increase

of the video encoder [5, 6]. The remainder of this paper is

structured as follows. In section II, an overview of the scalable

video coding extension is introduced in order to underline the

SVC features. Then a modular bit stream description is detailed

in section III. This is followed by SVC performance analysis in

section IV. Then, a bit stream analysis is detailed in section V.

Finally, conclusion and perspectives are presented in section VI.

2. SCALABLE VIDEO CODING

EXTENSION OVERVIEW

Application areas today, range from video telephony and video

conferencing over mobile TV to DVD, and HD DVD. For these

applications a variety of video transmission and storage systems

may be employed. Scalable video coding is considered as a

suitable solution to the problems caused by the characteristics of

modern video transmission systems. With the introduction of the

H.264/AVC video coding standard [2, 3, 4] several

amendment in video compression have been established. Then,

the scalable video coding SVC standard is recently developed by

the JVT [1, 7, 8, 9]. The term “scalability” passes on to the

removal of parts of the video bit stream in rank to adjust it to the

various needs of end users. Thus, a video bit stream is called

scalable while parts of the stream can be unconcerned in a way

that the resulting sub-stream forms an additional valid bit stream

for some target decoder. The H.264/SVC encoder is shown in

Figure 1. We may observe that video source is undergone using

a down sampling, thus the base layer encoder, Layer 0, takes a

lower resolution video sequence as input and encodes it with

ordinary H.264/AVC standard. For the enhancement layer,

Layer1, the input is in a higher resolution and be coded as an

ordinary H.264/AVC moreover interlayer predictions provide

additional coding choices such as motion vectors, intra

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