H.264/SVC编码性能与位流分析
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"H.264/SVC性能与编码位流分析"
本文是关于H.264/SVC（Scalable Video Coding）编码技术的性能评估和位流分析，作者包括Amina Kessentini、Imen Werda、Amine Samet、Mohamed Ali Ben Ayed和Nouri Masmoudi，发表在2011年12月的《国际计算机应用》期刊（International Journal of Computer Applications）第36卷第8期。研究重点在于深入解析H.264/SVC的位流结构，评估其在不同网络带宽限制下的表现，并突出其相对于H.264/AVC的增益。
H.264/SVC是联合视频团队（JVT）为应对各种显示传输、分辨率和信道容量需求而开发的H.264/AVC的扩展。这种编码技术的核心特点是提供了一个具有多个可扩展性层的单一压缩位流，使得数据可以根据不同的网络条件进行灵活的解码和呈现。文章首次对H.264/SVC的位流进行了详尽的剖析，旨在揭示其贡献并分析各个子位流模块的大小和重要性。
初步分析结果显示，使用H.264/SVC进行多播编码相比于传统的 simulcast（同时发送多个独立编码的流）可以平均降低18%的比特率。这表明H.264/SVC在节省带宽资源方面具有显著优势，特别是在需要向不同接收端提供相同视频内容时。
其次，文章强调了跨层预测的重要性。跨层预测是H.264/SVC的一个关键特性，它允许上层图像利用下层图像的信息进行编码，从而提高了编码效率。分析证明，这一机制对于提高视频质量并减少编码复杂性至关重要。
进一步的研究中，作者探讨了两种最佳的组合策略，以适应两种不同的网络带宽限制情况。这些策略可能涉及到如何有效地分配和调整各层的编码参数，以达到最佳的性能和用户体验。
最后，通过分析构成H.264/SVC位流的不同子字段，研究发现残留模块占据了总数据输出的大部分，最高可达72%。残留模块通常包含原始图像与预测图像之间的差异信息，是编码过程中的关键部分。此外，对于B帧，基层信息占据了大部分比特消耗，这是因为B帧依赖于前后帧的预测，因此其编码需要更多的信息来确保解码质量。
H.264/SVC通过其可扩展性和高效的跨层预测机制，实现了比特率的有效优化，尤其适合于需要适应多种网络条件和显示设备的多媒体传输场景。通过对位流的深入分析，本文为理解和优化H.264/SVC编码提供了宝贵的见解。
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 36– No.8, December 2011
30
H.264/SVC Performance and Encoder Bit-
stream Analysis
Amina Kessentini, Imen Werda, Amine Samet, Mohamed Ali Ben Ayed, Nouri Masmoudi
Laboratory of Electronics and Information Technologies (LETI)
University of Sfax, National school of Engineering
B.P.W, 3038 Sfax, TUNISIA
ABSTRACT
With the introduction of diverse variety of display transmission
and resolutions channel capacities, the Joint Video Team (JVT)
has developed the H.264/SVC as an extension of H.264/AVC. In
fact, it provides a single compressed bit-stream with several
scalability levels. Such a dataflow needs to be analyzed.
Consequently, this paper is the first that decorticates and
investigates the H264/SVC bit-stream in order to highlight its
contribution from one hand and to analyze deeply the different
sub bit-stream modules in terms of size and importance on the
other hand. Results of a first analysis shows that multicast
coding using H264/SVC standard provides an average bit rate
reduction of 18% compared to simulcast. Second analysis
demonstrates the importance of inter layer prediction. Then a
third study illustrates two best combinations for two network
bandwidth limitation. Finally, analysis of different subfields that
constitute H264/SVC bit stream shows the importance of the
residual module which can form up to 72% of the total data
output. Results also illustrate the significance of the inter-layer
prediction. In fact, base layer information takes the lion’s share
of bit consumption mainly for B frame.
General Terms
Signal processing, video compression.
Keywords
Scalable Video Coding, bit-stream, complexity, inter-layer
prediction.
1. INTRODUCTION
Currently, the real-time video transmission over the Internet is
more and more used in several applications. This heterogeneity
causes problems of bit-stream adaptation to ensure a good
quality of customer service. One solution to this problem is to
deliver the same video with different characteristics such as
resolution, video quality and frame rate. Thus, the user can
choose the video according to his needs. Despite the efficiency
of this solution, it causes numerous problems for instance:
storage, video management at server level and redundancy
packages from the video. Certainly, this redundancy is due to the
fact that two versions of the same video have several packages
in common. To overcome these problems, scalable video coding
(SVC) standard was adopted. In fact, SVC is the recent
development of the Joint Video Team (JVT) of ITU-T Video
Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and ISO/IEC Moving Pictures
Experts Group (MPEG) [1]. It can be considered as an extension
of the H.264/AVC [2, 3, 4]. It is designed to offer temporal,
quality (SNR), and spatial scalability. The resulting SVC bit
stream is scalable thus; an explicit part can be deserted to get a
sub-stream which may be decoded in order to provide an output
video sequence with reduced frame-rate or for targeted spatial
resolution or quality in terms of PSNR. In this paper, a survey of
the complexity of this standard was developed in order to
highlight the complexity source of this standard. No H264/SVC
bit stream analysis was performed in literature to emphasis the
size and the importance of the different modules that constitute
the sub-streams that insure the scalability. In fact, using the
video scalability, different versions of a single video sequence is
stored in one file. Therefore, it can serve different users with a
single stream and limits the amount of data flowing over the
network. In fact, many features or tools are introduced in order
to lead a better coding efficiency which causes a major increase
of the video encoder [5, 6]. The remainder of this paper is
structured as follows. In section II, an overview of the scalable
video coding extension is introduced in order to underline the
SVC features. Then a modular bit stream description is detailed
in section III. This is followed by SVC performance analysis in
section IV. Then, a bit stream analysis is detailed in section V.
Finally, conclusion and perspectives are presented in section VI.
2. SCALABLE VIDEO CODING
EXTENSION OVERVIEW
Application areas today, range from video telephony and video
conferencing over mobile TV to DVD, and HD DVD. For these
applications a variety of video transmission and storage systems
may be employed. Scalable video coding is considered as a
suitable solution to the problems caused by the characteristics of
modern video transmission systems. With the introduction of the
H.264/AVC video coding standard [2, 3, 4] several
amendment in video compression have been established. Then,
the scalable video coding SVC standard is recently developed by
the JVT [1, 7, 8, 9]. The term “scalability” passes on to the
removal of parts of the video bit stream in rank to adjust it to the
various needs of end users. Thus, a video bit stream is called
scalable while parts of the stream can be unconcerned in a way
that the resulting sub-stream forms an additional valid bit stream
for some target decoder. The H.264/SVC encoder is shown in
Figure 1. We may observe that video source is undergone using
a down sampling, thus the base layer encoder, Layer 0, takes a
lower resolution video sequence as input and encodes it with
ordinary H.264/AVC standard. For the enhancement layer,
Layer1, the input is in a higher resolution and be coded as an
ordinary H.264/AVC moreover interlayer predictions provide
additional coding choices such as motion vectors, intra
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