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首页IEEE 802.11s: 网状网络与无线局域网同步规范
"802.11s原版协议规范是无线局域网(WLAN)媒体访问控制(MAC)和物理层(PHY)规格的修正案10,专门针对Mesh网络。此规范由IEEE LAN/MAN标准委员会赞助,旨在增强802.11系列标准,如802.11k、802.11r、802.11y、802.11w、802.11n、802.11p、802.11z、802.11v和802.11u等。文档的日期为2011年9月10日,由John McBrayne于2016年7月8日从IEEE Xplore下载。"
802.11s协议规范详细解释了如何在无线网络中实现Mesh网络的构建和操作。Mesh网络是一种自组织、自修复的网络架构,其中每个设备(称为Mesh接入点,简称Mesh STA)不仅可以直接与其他设备通信,还可以作为数据传输的中继,增强了网络的覆盖范围和可靠性。
在传统的基础结构BSS(Infrastructure Basic Service Set)中,一个无线设备(STA)通过特定的同步过程加入网络,如描述中提到的11.1.3.4章节所述。当STA开启、关闭或进出范围时,其在网络中的成员身份会动态变化。为了使用基础设施BSS的所有服务,STA需要“关联”到网络,这个过程涉及分布系统服务(DSS),在5.3.2章节有详细介绍。
然而,在Mesh BSS(Mesh Basic Service Set,MBSS)中,情况有所不同。由于没有中心实体,Mesh STA不会进行关联。相反,它们通过建立对等连接(peer-to-peer)与其他Mesh STA交互,共同形成MBSS。这一过程包括启动信标广播以及11C.12章节中描述的同步维护程序。
802.11s规范引入了Mesh网络的几个关键特性,例如多路径路由(Multi-Path Routing),允许数据包通过多个路径传输,提高网络的容错性和性能。此外,还包括节点间的链路质量测量和评估,以便优化路由决策。还有Mesh连接性状态维护、身份验证和加密机制,确保网络的安全性和稳定性。
802.11s标准为无线Mesh网络提供了全面的框架,使得无线设备能够构建可靠、灵活的网络,适用于需要广泛覆盖和高可用性的场景,如智慧城市、远程监控和大型公共场所的无线网络覆盖。理解并应用这些规范对于设计和部署高效的Mesh网络至关重要。
xiv Copyright © 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved.
9.1.3a Mesh coordination function (MCF)......................................................................... 114
9.6 Multirate support...................................................................................................................... 114
9.6.0c1 Basic Rate Set and Basic MCS Set for mesh STA .................................................. 114
9.7d A-MPDU operation.................................................................................................................. 115
9.7d.4 A-MPDU aggregation of group addressed data frames........................................... 115
9.9 HCF.......................................................................................................................................... 115
9.9.1 HCF contention-based channel access (EDCA) ...................................................... 115
9.9.1.2 EDCA TXOPs...................................................................................... 115
9.9a Mesh coordination function (MCF)......................................................................................... 116
9.9a.1 General..................................................................................................................... 116
9.9a.2 MCF contention-based channel access .................................................................... 116
9.9a.3 MCF controlled channel access (MCCA)................................................................ 116
9.9a.3.1 General................................................................................................. 116
9.9a.3.2 MCCA activation................................................................................. 117
9.9a.3.3 MCCAOP reservations ........................................................................ 117
9.9a.3.4 Neighborhood MCCAOP periods at a mesh STA ............................... 118
9.9a.3.5 MCCA access fraction (MAF)............................................................. 119
9.9a.3.6 MCCAOP setup procedure .................................................................. 119
9.9a.3.7 MCCAOP advertisement ..................................................................... 120
9.9a.3.8 MCCAOP teardown............................................................................. 125
9.9a.3.9 Access during MCCAOPs ................................................................... 126
9.9a.3.10 Interaction with time synchronization ................................................. 127
9.13 Protection mechanisms ............................................................................................................ 127
9.13.2 Protection mechanisms for non-ERP receivers ....................................................... 127
9.13.3 Protection mechanisms for transmissions of HT PPDUs ........................................ 128
9.13.3.1 General................................................................................................. 128
9.13.3.4a Protection rules for an HT mesh STA in an MBSS............................. 128
9.13.5 L-SIG TXOP protection........................................................................................... 129
9.13.5.1 General rules ........................................................................................ 129
9.22 Mesh forwarding framework ...................................................................................................129
9.22.1 General..................................................................................................................... 129
9.22.2 Forwarding information........................................................................................... 130
9.22.3 Frame addressing in an MBSS................................................................................. 130
9.22.4 Addressing and forwarding of individually addressed Mesh Data frames.............. 132
9.22.4.1 At source mesh STAs (individually addressed)................................... 132
9.22.4.2 At intermediate and destination mesh STAs
(individually addressed)....................................................................... 133
9.22.5 Addressing and forwarding of group addressed Mesh Data frames ........................ 134
9.22.5.1 At source mesh STAs (group addressed)............................................. 134
9.22.5.2 At recipient mesh STAs (group addressed) ......................................... 134
9.22.6 Addressing of Management frames and MMPDU forwarding ............................... 135
9.22.6.1 General................................................................................................. 135
9.22.6.2 MMPDU forwarding using individually addressed Multihop
Action frames....................................................................................... 135
9.22.6.3 MMPDU forwarding using group addressed Multihop Action
frames................................................................................................... 136
9.22.7 Detection of duplicate MSDUs/MMPDUs .............................................................. 137
9.22.8 Mesh STAs that do not forward............................................................................... 137
9.22.9 Frame forwarding and unknown destination ........................................................... 137
10. Layer management................................................................................................................................. 139
10.3 MLME SAP interface .............................................................................................................. 139
10.3.2 Scan.......................................................................................................................... 139
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10.3.2.1 MLME-SCAN.request......................................................................... 139
10.3.2.2 MLME-SCAN.confirm........................................................................ 140
10.3.3 Synchronization ....................................................................................................... 141
10.3.3.1 MLME-JOIN.request........................................................................... 141
10.3.4 Authenticate ............................................................................................................. 141
10.3.4.1 MLME-AUTHENTICATE.request..................................................... 141
10.3.4.2 MLME-AUTHENTICATE.confirm.................................................... 142
10.3.4.3 MLME-AUTHENTICATE.indication ................................................ 143
10.3.4.4 MLME-AUTHENTICATE.response .................................................. 144
10.3.5 Deauthenticate ......................................................................................................... 145
10.3.5.1 MLME-DEAUTHENTICATE.request................................................ 145
10.3.10 Start.......................................................................................................................... 145
10.3.10.1 MLME-START.request....................................................................... 145
10.3.10.2 MLME-START.confirm...................................................................... 147
10.3.15 Channel switch......................................................................................................... 147
10.3.15.1 MLME-CHANNELSWITCH.request ................................................. 147
10.3.15.3 MLME-CHANNELSWITCH.indication............................................. 148
10.3.15.4 MLME-CHANNELSWITCH.response............................................... 149
10.3.35 Extended channel switch announcement ................................................................. 150
10.3.35.1 MLME-EXTCHANNELSWITCH.request ......................................... 150
10.3.35.3 MLME-EXTCHANNELSWITCH.indication..................................... 151
10.3.35.4 MLME-EXTCHANNELSWITCH.response....................................... 152
10.3.77 Mesh peering management ...................................................................................... 153
10.3.77.1 Introduction.......................................................................................... 153
10.3.77.2 MLME-MESHPEERINGMANAGEMENT.request........................... 153
10.3.77.3 MLME-MESHPEERINGMANAGEMENT.confirm.......................... 154
10.3.77.4 MLME-MESHPEERINGMANAGEMENT.indication ...................... 154
10.3.77.5 MLME-MESHPEERINGMANAGEMENT.response ........................ 155
10.3.78 Mesh power management ........................................................................................ 156
10.3.78.1 Introduction.......................................................................................... 156
10.3.78.2 MLME-MESHPOWERMGT.request.................................................. 156
10.3.78.3 MLME-MESHPOWERMGT.confirm ................................................ 157
10.3.79 Mesh neighbor offset synchronization..................................................................... 157
10.3.79.1 Introduction.......................................................................................... 157
10.3.79.2 MLME-MESHNEIGHBOROFFSETSYNCSTART.request .............. 157
10.3.79.3 MLME-MESHNEIGHBOROFFSETSYNCSTART.confirm ............. 158
10.3.79.4 MLME-MESHNEIGHBOROFFSETCALCULATE.request.............. 158
10.3.79.5 MLME-MESHNEIGHBOROFFSETCALCULATE.confirm ............ 159
10.3.79.6 MLME-MESHNEIGHBOROFFSETSYNCSTOP.request................. 160
10.3.79.7 MLME-MESHNEIGHBOROFFSETSYNCSTOP.confirm................ 161
10.3.80 Mesh TBTT adjustment ........................................................................................... 162
10.3.80.1 Introduction.......................................................................................... 162
10.3.80.2 MLME-MESHTBTTADJUSTMENT.request .................................... 162
10.3.80.3 MLME-MESHTBTTADJUSTMENT.confirm ................................... 163
10.3.80.4 MLME-MESHTBTTADJUSTMENT.indication................................ 163
10.3.80.5 MLME-MESHTBTTADJUSTMENT.response.................................. 164
10.3.81 MCCA management interface ................................................................................. 165
10.3.81.1 Introduction.......................................................................................... 165
10.3.81.2 MLME-ACTIVATEMCCA.request.................................................... 165
10.3.81.3 MLME-ACTIVATEMCCA.confirm................................................... 166
10.3.81.4 MLME-MCCASETUP.request............................................................ 167
10.3.81.5 MLME-MCCASETUP.confirm .......................................................... 168
10.3.81.6 MLME-MCCASETUP.indication ....................................................... 169
10.3.81.7 MLME-MCCASETUP.response ......................................................... 170
Authorized licensed use limited to: John McBrayne. Downloaded on July 08,2016 at 00:44:15 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
xvi Copyright © 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved.
10.3.81.8 MLME-MCCAADVERTISEMENT.request ...................................... 171
10.3.81.9 MLME-MCCAADVERTISEMENT.confirm ..................................... 172
10.3.81.10 MLME-MCCAADVERTISEMENT.indication.................................. 173
10.3.81.11 MLME-MCCAADVERTISEMENT.response.................................... 174
10.3.81.12 MLME-MCCATEARDOWN.request................................................. 174
10.3.81.13 MLME-MCCATEARDOWN.confirm................................................ 175
10.3.81.14 MLME-MCCATEARDOWN.indication ............................................ 176
10.3.82 MBSS congestion control ........................................................................................ 177
10.3.82.1 Introduction.......................................................................................... 177
10.3.82.2 MLME-MBSSCONGESTIONCONTROL.request ............................ 177
10.3.82.3 MLME-MBSSCONGESTIONCONTROL.confirm ........................... 178
10.3.82.4 MLME-MBSSCONGESTIONCONTROL.indication ........................ 178
10.3.83 MBSS proxy update................................................................................................. 179
10.3.83.1 Introduction.......................................................................................... 179
10.3.83.2 MLME-MBSSPROXYUPDATE.request............................................ 179
10.3.83.3 MLME-MBSSPROXYUPDATE.confirm .......................................... 180
10.3.83.4 MLME-MBSSPROXYUPDATE.indication ....................................... 181
10.3.83.5 MLME-MBSSPROXYUPDATE.response ......................................... 182
10.3.84 MBSS mesh gate announcement ............................................................................. 183
10.3.84.1 Introduction.......................................................................................... 183
10.3.84.2 MLME-MBSSGATEANNOUNCEMENT.request ............................ 183
10.3.84.3 MLME-MBSSGATEANNOUNCEMENT.confirm ........................... 184
10.3.84.4 MLME-MBSSGATEANNOUNCEMENT.indication ........................ 184
10.3.85 Mesh link metric ...................................................................................................... 185
10.3.85.1 Introduction.......................................................................................... 185
10.3.85.2 MLME-MESHLINKMETRICREAD.request..................................... 185
10.3.85.3 MLME-MESHLINKMETRICREAD.confirm.................................... 186
10.3.85.4 MLME-MESHLINKMETRICREPORT.request ................................ 187
10.3.85.5 MLME-MESHLINKMETRICREPORT.confirm ............................... 188
10.3.85.6 MLME-MESHLINKMETRICREPORT.indication ............................ 189
10.3.86 HWMP mesh path selection .................................................................................... 190
10.3.86.1 Introduction.......................................................................................... 190
10.3.86.2 MLME-HWMPMESHPATHSELECTION.request............................ 190
10.3.86.3 MLME-HWMPMESHPATHSELECTION.confirm........................... 191
10.3.86.4 MLME-HWMPMESHPATHSELECTION.indication ....................... 192
11. MLME ................................................................................................................................................... 194
11.1 Synchronization ....................................................................................................................... 194
11.1.1 Basic approach......................................................................................................... 194
11.1.1.3 TSF for an MBSS ................................................................................ 194
11.1.2 Maintaining synchronization ................................................................................... 194
11.1.2.2a Beacon generation in an MBSS ........................................................... 194
11.1.2.3 Beacon reception.................................................................................. 194
11.1.3 Acquiring synchronization, scanning ...................................................................... 194
11.1.3.2 Active scanning.................................................................................... 195
11.2 Power management.................................................................................................................. 196
11.2.2a Power management in an MBSS ............................................................................. 196
11.3 STA authentication and association......................................................................................... 196
11.3.1 Authentication and deauthentication ....................................................................... 197
11.3.1.1 Authentication—originating STA........................................................ 197
11.3.1.2 Authentication—destination STA........................................................ 197
11.3.1.3 Deauthentication—originating STA .................................................... 198
11.3.1.4 Deauthentication—destination STA .................................................... 198
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11.3.3 Additional mechanisms for an AP collocated with a mesh STA............................. 198
11.7 DLS operation.......................................................................................................................... 198
11.8 TPC procedures........................................................................................................................ 198
11.8.1a Peering based on transmit power capability ............................................................ 199
11.8.2 Specification of regulatory and local maximum transmit power levels .................. 199
11.9 DFS procedures........................................................................................................................ 200
11.9.2 Quieting channels for testing ................................................................................... 200
11.9.6 Requesting and reporting of measurements............................................................. 200
11.9.7 Selecting and advertising a new channel ................................................................. 200
11.9.7.2a MBSS channel switching..................................................................... 200
11.9a Extended channel switching (ECS) ......................................................................................... 202
11.9a.1 General..................................................................................................................... 202
11.9a.3 Selecting and advertising a new channel and/or regulatory class............................ 203
11.9a.3.3 Selecting and advertising a new channel in an MBSS......................... 203
11.19 STAs communicating data frames outside the context of a BSS ............................................ 203
11.21 Tunneled direct-link setup ....................................................................................................... 203
11.21.1 General..................................................................................................................... 203
11.23 WLAN interworking with external networks procedures........................................................ 203
11.23.2 Interworking capabilities and information............................................................... 203
11.23.6 Interworking procedures: emergency services support ........................................... 204
11A.Fast BSS transition............................................................................................................................... 205
11A.2 Key holders .............................................................................................................................. 205
11A.2.2 Authenticator key holders........................................................................................ 205
11A.2.3 Supplicant key holders............................................................................................. 205
11A.4 FT initial mobility domain association .................................................................................... 205
11A.4.2 FT initial mobility domain association in an RSN .................................................. 205
11A.5 FT Protocol .............................................................................................................................. 206
11A.5.3 Over-the-DS FT Protocol authentication in an RSN ............................................... 206
11A.8 FT authentication sequence ..................................................................................................... 206
11A.8.4 FT authentication sequence: contents of third message........................................... 206
11A.8.5 FT authentication sequence: contents of fourth message ........................................ 206
11C.MLME mesh procedures...................................................................................................................... 207
11C.1 Mesh STA dependencies ......................................................................................................... 207
11C.2 Mesh discovery ........................................................................................................................ 207
11C.2.1 General..................................................................................................................... 207
11C.2.2 Mesh identifier......................................................................................................... 207
11C.2.3 Mesh profile.............................................................................................................208
11C.2.4 Mesh STA configuration ......................................................................................... 208
11C.2.5 Supplemental information for the mesh discovery .................................................. 208
11C.2.6 Scanning mesh BSSs ............................................................................................... 209
11C.2.7 Candidate peer mesh STA ....................................................................................... 209
11C.2.8 Establishing or becoming a member of a mesh BSS ............................................... 209
11C.2.9 Establishing mesh peerings...................................................................................... 210
11C.3 Mesh peering management (MPM) ......................................................................................... 210
11C.3.1 General.................................................................................................................
.... 210
11C.3.
2 State variable management ...................................................................................... 212
11C.3.3 Mesh authentication................................................................................................. 212
11C.3.4 Mesh peering instance controller............................................................................. 213
11C.3.4.1 Overview.............................................................................................. 213
11C.3.4.2 Creating a new mesh peering instance................................................. 213
11C.3.4.3 Deleting mesh peering instances.......................................................... 214
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xviii Copyright © 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved.
11C.3.5 Mesh peering instance selection .............................................................................. 214
11C.3.6 Mesh peering open................................................................................................... 215
11C.3.6.1 Generating Mesh Peering Open frames ............................................... 215
11C.3.6.2 Mesh Peering Open frame processing ................................................. 215
11C.3.7 Mesh peering confirm.............................................................................................. 216
11C.3.7.1 Generating Mesh Peering Confirm frames .......................................... 216
11C.3.7.2 Mesh Peering Confirm frame processing ............................................ 216
11C.3.8 Mesh peering close .................................................................................................. 216
11C.3.8.1 Generating Mesh Peering Close frames............................................... 216
11C.3.8.2 Mesh Peering Close frame processing................................................. 216
11C.4 Mesh peering management finite state machine (MPM FSM)................................................ 217
11C.4.1 General..................................................................................................................... 217
11C.4.2 States........................................................................................................................ 217
11C.4.3 Events and actions ................................................................................................... 217
11C.4.4 Timers ...................................................................................................................... 218
11C.4.5 State transitions........................................................................................................219
11C.4.6 IDLE state ................................................................................................................ 221
11C.4.7 OPN_SNT state........................................................................................................ 222
11C.4.8 CNF_RCVD state .................................................................................................... 222
11C.4.9 OPN_RCVD state .................................................................................................... 223
11C.4.10 ESTAB state ............................................................................................................ 224
11C.4.11 HOLDING state....................................................................................................... 224
11C.5 Authenticated mesh peering exchange (AMPE)...................................................................... 224
11C.5.1 Overview.................................................................................................................. 224
11C.5.2 Security capabilities selection.................................................................................. 225
11C.5.2.1 Instance Pairwise Cipher Suite selection ............................................. 225
11C.5.2.2 Group cipher suite selection ................................................................ 225
11C.5.3 Construction and processing AES-SIV-protected Mesh Peering
Management frames................................................................................................. 226
11C.5.4 MGTK distribution .................................................................................................. 227
11C.5.5 Mesh Peering Management frames for AMPE........................................................ 227
11C.5.5.1 General................................................................................................. 227
11C.5.5.2 Mesh peering open for AMPE ............................................................. 227
11C.5.5.3 Mesh peering confirm for AMPE ........................................................ 228
11C.5.5.4 Mesh peering close for AMPE............................................................. 228
11C.5.6 AMPE finite state machine ...................................................................................... 229
11C.5.6.1 Overview.............................................................................................. 229
11C.5.6.2 Additional events and actions to MPM FSM....................................... 229
11C.5.6.3 State transitions.................................................................................... 230
11C.6 Mesh group key handshake...................................................................................................... 232
11C.6.1 General..................................................................................................................... 232
11C.6.2 Protection on mesh group key handshake frames.................................................... 233
11C.6.3 Mesh Group Key Inform frame construction and processing.................................. 234
11C.6.4 Mesh Group Key Acknowledge frame construction and processing ...................... 234
11C.6.5 Mesh group key implementation considerations ..................................................... 235
11C.7 Mesh path selection and metric framework............................................................................. 235
11C.7.1 General..................................................................................................................... 235
11C.7.2 Extensible path selection framework....................................................................... 236
11C.7.3 Link metric reporting ............................................................................................... 236
11C.8 Airtime link metric................................................................................................................... 236
11C.9 Hybrid wireless mesh protocol (HWMP) ................................................................................ 238
11C.9.1 General..................................................................................................................... 238
11C.9.2 Terminology............................................................................................................. 238
11C.9.3 On-demand path selection mode.............................................................................. 240
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