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首页WiFi-6技术详解:IEEE 802.11ax标准规范
"IEEE Standard for 802.11ax - Part11 WLAN MAC & PHY Specification,2021年版本,是国际通信协会(IEEE)制定的WiFi-6技术的原版协议规范,适用于本地和城域网络的无线局域网介质访问控制(MAC)和物理层(PHY)的特定要求。此修订版(Amendment 1)旨在提升高效率WLAN的功能。"
802.11ax是IEEE 802.11标准的最新版本,通常被称为WiFi-6,是第六代无线局域网技术,它带来了显著的性能提升和效率优化。这一标准的目标是在拥挤的无线环境中提供更高的数据速率、更低的延迟以及更高效的频谱利用率。
1. **高密度接入**:802.11ax引入了一种名为Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)的技术,允许多个设备同时在相同信道上通信,从而提高了网络的容量和效率。这在高用户密度的场景,如体育馆、机场或办公区,尤其有用。
2. **多用户MIMO**:除了OFDMA,802.11ax也扩展了Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output (MU-MIMO)功能,不仅支持下行链路,还支持上行链路的多用户传输,使得路由器可以同时与多个设备进行双向通信。
3. **1024-QAM调制**:与前代的256-QAM相比,802.11ax使用了更高的调制阶数1024-QAM,这使得每个信号载波可以携带更多信息,从而提高了数据传输速率。
4. **Target Wake Time (TWT)**:802.11ax引入了TWT机制,允许设备与接入点协商唤醒时间,减少了不必要的能量消耗,对电池寿命敏感的移动设备特别有益。
5. **基本服务集(BSS)颜色**:为了更好地区分和管理多个并存的无线网络,802.11ax引入了BSS颜色,这有助于降低同频干扰。
6. **性能提升**:802.11ax标准的目标是在相同频谱资源下,比802.11ac实现至少四倍的数据速率提升,并且在密集部署环境下,每个用户的平均吞吐量也有显著提升。
7. **向下兼容性**:802.11ax标准设计时考虑了向后兼容,能够与早期的802.11a/b/g/n/ac标准设备无缝协作。
IEEE 802.11ax标准通过技术创新提升了无线网络的性能和效率,为用户提供了更快、更稳定的上网体验,同时也优化了网络资源的管理和使用。对于网络工程师、IT专业人员和设备制造商而言,深入理解这一标准对于设计、部署和维护现代无线网络至关重要。
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Copyright © 2021 IEEE. All rights reserved.
10.6.5 Rate selection for Data and Management frames ...................................................... 244
10.6.5.1 Rate selection for non-STBC Beacon and non-STBC PSMP frames...... 244
10.6.5.3 Rate selection for other group addressed Data and Management frames 245
10.6.6 Rate selection for Control frames .............................................................................. 245
10.6.6.1 General rules for rate selection for Control frames ................................. 245
10.6.6.6 Channel Width selection for Control frames ........................................... 245
10.6.10 Modulation classes..................................................................................................... 246
10.6.11 Non-HT basic rate calculation ................................................................................... 247
10.6.12 Channel Width in non-HT and non-HT duplicate PPDUs ........................................ 248
10.6.13 Rate selection constraints for VHT STAs.................................................................. 248
10.6.13.3 Additional rate selection constraints for VHT PPDUs ............................ 248
10.8 HT Control field operation ...................................................................................................... 249
10.9 Control Wrapper operation ...................................................................................................... 251
10.11 A-MSDU operation.................................................................................................................. 251
10.12 A-MPDU operation.................................................................................................................. 252
10.12.1 A-MPDU contents ..................................................................................................... 252
10.12.2 A-MPDU length limit rules ....................................................................................... 252
10.12.3 Minimum MPDU Sstart Sspacing field rules ............................................................ 254
10.12.4 A-MPDU aggregation of group addressed Data frames ............................................ 254
10.12.6 A-MPDU padding for VHT PPDU, HE, or S1G PPDU............................................ 256
10.12.7 Setting the EOF/Tag field of the MPDU delimiter.................................................... 256
10.13 PPDU duration constraint ........................................................................................................ 256
10.15 Low-density parity check code (LDPC) operation .................................................................. 256
10.22 Operation across regulatory domains ...................................................................................... 257
10.22.3 Operation with operating classes ............................................................................... 257
10.22.4 Operation with the Transmit Power Envelope element ............................................. 258
10.23 HCF.......................................................................................................................................... 259
10.23.1 General....................................................................................................................... 259
10.23.2 HCF contention based channel access (EDCA) ........................................................ 259
10.23.2.2 EDCA backoff procedure ........................................................................ 259
10.23.2.4 Obtaining an EDCA TXOP ..................................................................... 260
10.23.2.5 EDCA channel access in a VHT, HE, or TVHT BSS ............................. 261
10.23.2.7 Sharing an EDCA TXOP......................................................................... 262
10.23.2.8 Multiple frame transmission in an EDCA TXOP.................................... 263
10.23.2.9 TXOP limits............................................................................................. 265
10.23.2.10 Truncation of TXOP ................................................................................ 267
10.23.2.11 Termination of TXOP.............................................................................. 267
10.23.2.12 Retransmit procedures ............................................................................. 267
10.23.3 HCF controlled channel access (HCCA) ................................................................... 268
10.23.3.5 HCCA transfer rules ................................................................................ 268
10.25 Block acknowledgment (block ack) ........................................................................................ 268
10.25.2 Setup and modification of the block ack parameters................................................. 268
10.25.5 Selection of BlockAck and BlockAckReq variants................................................... 268
10.25.6 HT-immediate block ack extensions.......................................................................... 269
10.25.6.1 Introduction to HT-immediate block ack extensions............................... 269
10.25.6.3 Scoreboard context control during full-state operation ........................... 270
10.25.6.5 Generation and transmission of BlockAck frames by an HT STA,
DMG STA, or S1G STA.......................................................................... 270
10.25.6.6 Receive reordering buffer control operation............................................ 270
10.25.8 GCR and GLK-GCR block ack ................................................................................. 271
10.25.8.1 Introduction General ................................................................................ 271
10.25.8.4 GCR block ack BlockAckReq and BlockAck frame exchanges ............. 271
10.27 Protection mechanisms ............................................................................................................ 273
10.27.6 Protection rules for HE STAs .................................................................................... 273
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Copyright © 2021 IEEE. All rights reserved.
10.29 Reverse direction protocol ....................................................................................................... 273
10.29.1 General....................................................................................................................... 273
10.29.2 Reverse direction (RD) exchange sequence .............................................................. 273
10.29.3 Rules for RD initiator ................................................................................................ 274
10.29.4 Rules for RD responder ............................................................................................. 275
10.36 Null data PPDU (NDP) sounding ............................................................................................ 276
10.36.6 Transmission of a VHT NDP..................................................................................... 276
10.47 Target wake time (TWT) ......................................................................................................... 276
10.47.1 TWT overview........................................................................................................... 276
10.47.9 TWT parameter ranges .............................................................................................. 280
11. MLME ............................................................................................................................................... 281
11.1 Synchronization ....................................................................................................................... 281
11.1.3 Maintaining synchronization ..................................................................................... 281
11.1.3.8 Multiple BSSID procedure ...................................................................... 281
11.1.4 Acquiring synchronization, scanning ........................................................................ 286
11.1.4.3 Active scanning and probing procedures................................................. 286
11.2 Power management.................................................................................................................. 287
11.2.3 Power management in a non-DMG infrastructure network....................................... 287
11.2.3.2 Non-AP STA power management modes................................................ 287
11.2.3.6 AP operation ............................................................................................ 288
11.2.3.7 Receive operation for STAs in PS mode ................................................. 289
11.2.3.9 STAs operating in active mode................................................................ 290
11.2.3.15 TIM Broadcast ......................................................................................... 290
11.2.6 SM power save........................................................................................................... 291
11.3 STA authentication and association......................................................................................... 293
11.3.3 Frame filtering based on STA state ........................................................................... 293
11.3.5 Association, reassociation, and disassociation .......................................................... 293
11.3.5.3 AP or PCP association receipt procedures............................................... 293
11.3.5.5 AP or PCP reassociation receipt procedures............................................ 293
11.3.8 Neighbor report information upon rejection with suggested BSS transition............. 293
11.4 TS operation............................................................................................................................. 294
11.4.4 TS setup ..................................................................................................................... 294
11.4.4.4 TS setup procedures for both AP and non-AP STA initiation................. 294
11.7 TPC procedures........................................................................................................................ 294
11.7.1 General....................................................................................................................... 294
11.7.2 Association based on transmit power capability........................................................ 294
11.7.3 Peering based on transmit power capability .............................................................. 294
11.7.5 Specification of regulatory and local maximum transmit power levels .................... 295
11.7.6 Transmit power selection........................................................................................... 297
11.10 Radio measurement procedures ...............................................................................................297
11.10.14Multiple BSSID set.................................................................................................... 297
11.20 Tunneled direct-link setup ....................................................................................................... 298
11.20.1 General....................................................................................................................... 298
11.21 Wireless network management procedures ............................................................................. 298
11.21.2 Event request and report procedures.......................................................................... 298
11.21.2.1 Event request and event report................................................................. 298
11.21.2.7 BSS color collision event......................................................................... 298
11.21.2.8 BSS color in use event ............................................................................. 299
11.21.6 Fine timing measurement (FTM) procedure.............................................................. 299
11.21.6.4 Measurement exchange............................................................................ 299
11.21.7 BSS transition management for network load balancing........................................... 299
11.21.7.1 BSS transition capability ......................................................................... 299
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Copyright © 2021 IEEE. All rights reserved.
11.21.7.4 BSS transition management response...................................................... 299
11.21.7.5 Planned ESS............................................................................................. 300
11.31 Multi-band operation ............................................................................................................... 300
11.31.5 On-channel Tunneling (OCT) operation.................................................................... 300
11.45 Fast Initial Link Setup (FILS) procedures ............................................................................... 301
11.45.2 FILS Discovery frame generation and usage............................................................. 301
11.45.2.1 FILS Discovery frame transmission ........................................................ 301
11.49 Reduced neighbor report.......................................................................................................... 302
11.53 Out-of-band discovery of a 6 GHz BSS .................................................................................. 304
12. Security .............................................................................................................................................. 307
12.5 RSNA confidentiality and integrity protocols ......................................................................... 307
12.5.3 CTR with CBC-MAC protocol (CCMP) ................................................................... 307
12.5.3.3 CCMP cryptographic encapsulation ........................................................ 307
12.5.5 GCM protocol (GCMP) ............................................................................................. 307
12.5.5.3 GCMP cryptographic encapsulation........................................................ 307
12.12 Constraints on allowed security parameters ............................................................................ 307
12.12.1 Introduction................................................................................................................ 307
12.12.2 Security constraints in the 6 GHz band ..................................................................... 307
14. MLME mesh procedures ................................................................................................................... 309
14.2 Mesh discovery ........................................................................................................................ 309
14.2.4 Mesh STA configuration ........................................................................................... 309
14.2.7 Candidate peer mesh STA ......................................................................................... 309
18. Extended Rate PHY (ERP) specification........................................................................................... 310
18.2 PHY-specific service parameter list ........................................................................................ 310
26. High-efficiency (HE) MAC specification.......................................................................................... 311
26.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 311
26.2 HE channel access ................................................................................................................... 311
26.2.1 TXOP duration-based RTS/CTS ............................................................................... 311
26.2.2 Intra-BSS and inter-BSS PPDU classification........................................................... 312
26.2.3 SRG PPDU identification .......................................................................................... 313
26.2.4 Updating two NAVs .................................................................................................. 314
26.2.5 Truncation of TXOP .................................................................................................. 315
26.2.6 MU-RTS Trigger/CTS frame exchange procedure ................................................... 316
26.2.6.1 General..................................................................................................... 316
26.2.6.2 MU-RTS Trigger frame transmission...................................................... 317
26.2.6.3 CTS frame response to an MU-RTS Trigger frame ................................ 318
26.2.7 EDCA operation using MU EDCA parameters......................................................... 319
26.2.8 Multiple frame transmission in an EDCA TXOP in the 6 GHz band........................ 321
26.3 Fragmentation and defragmentation ........................................................................................ 321
26.3.1 General....................................................................................................................... 321
26.3.2 Dynamic fragmentation ............................................................................................. 323
26.3.2.1 General..................................................................................................... 323
26.3.2.2 Level 1 dynamic fragmentation ............................................................... 324
26.3.2.3 Level 2 dynamic fragmentation ............................................................... 324
26.3.2.4 Level 3 dynamic fragmentation ............................................................... 324
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Copyright © 2021 IEEE. All rights reserved.
26.3.3 Dynamic defragmentation.......................................................................................... 325
26.3.3.1 General..................................................................................................... 325
26.3.3.2 Level 1 dynamic defragmentation ........................................................... 326
26.3.3.3 Level 2 dynamic defragmentation ........................................................... 326
26.3.3.4 Level 3 dynamic defragmentation ........................................................... 327
26.4 HE acknowledgment procedure............................................................................................... 328
26.4.1 Overview.................................................................................................................... 328
26.4.2 Acknowledgment context in a Multi-STA BlockAck frame ..................................... 330
26.4.3 Negotiation of block ack bitmap lengths ................................................................... 332
26.4.4 Per-PPDU acknowledgment selection rules .............................................................. 333
26.4.4.1 General..................................................................................................... 333
26.4.4.2 Responding to an HE SU PPDU or HE ER SU PPDU with an
SU PPDU ................................................................................................. 333
26.4.4.3 Responding to an HE MU PPDU with an SU PPDU .............................. 334
26.4.4.4 Responding to an HE MU PPDU, HE SU PPDU, or
HE ER SU PPDU with an HE TB PPDU ................................................ 334
26.4.4.5 Responding to an HE TB PPDU with an SU PPDU................................ 335
26.4.4.6 Responding to an HE TB PPDU with an HE MU PPDU........................ 336
26.4.5 HE block acknowledgment request and response rules............................................. 337
26.5 MU operation........................................................................................................................... 338
26.5.1 HE DL MU operation ................................................................................................ 338
26.5.1.1 General..................................................................................................... 338
26.5.1.2 RU addressing in an HE MU PPDU........................................................ 338
26.5.1.3 RU allocation in an HE MU PPDU ......................................................... 340
26.5.2 UL MU operation....................................................................................................... 341
26.5.2.1 General..................................................................................................... 341
26.5.2.2 Rules for soliciting UL MU frames ......................................................... 341
26.5.2.3 Non-AP STA behavior for UL MU operation ......................................... 349
26.5.2.4 A-MPDU contents in an HE TB PPDU................................................... 353
26.5.2.5 UL MU CS mechanism............................................................................ 356
26.5.3 MU cascading sequence............................................................................................. 357
26.5.4 UL OFDMA-based random access (UORA)............................................................. 358
26.5.4.1 General..................................................................................................... 358
26.5.4.2 Eligible RA-RUs...................................................................................... 359
26.5.4.3 Transmission procedure for UORA......................................................... 360
26.5.4.4 Retransmission procedure for UORA...................................................... 362
26.5.4.5 Additional considerations for unassociated STAs ................................... 362
26.5.5 Buffer status report operation .................................................................................... 363
26.5.6 Bandwidth query report operation ............................................................................. 365
26.5.7 NDP feedback report procedure ................................................................................ 366
26.5.7.1 General..................................................................................................... 366
26.5.7.2 STA behavior........................................................................................... 366
26.5.7.3 AP behavior ............................................................................................. 368
26.5.7.4 NDP feedback report for a resource request............................................ 368
26.5.7.5 Power save operation with NDP feedback report procedure ................... 369
26.5.8 Use of TSPEC by HE STAs ...................................................................................... 369
26.5.9 UL MU transmit power capabilities .......................................................................... 369
26.6 A-MPDU operation in an HE PPDU ....................................................................................... 369
26.6.1 General....................................................................................................................... 369
26.6.2 A-MPDU padding in an HE PPDU ........................................................................... 371
26.6.2.1 General..................................................................................................... 371
26.6.2.2 A-MPDU padding in an HE SU PPDU, HE ER SU PPDU, and
HE MU PPDU ......................................................................................... 371
26.6.2.3 A-MPDU padding in an HE TB PPDU ................................................... 371
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Copyright © 2021 IEEE. All rights reserved.
26.6.3 Multi-TID A-MPDU and ack-enabled single-TID A-MPDU ................................... 372
26.6.3.1 General..................................................................................................... 372
26.6.3.2 Ack-enabled single-TID A-MPDU operation.......................................... 374
26.6.3.3 Non-ack-enabled multi-TID A-MPDU operation.................................... 374
26.6.3.4 Ack-enabled multi-TID A-MPDU operation........................................... 374
26.7 HE sounding protocol .............................................................................................................. 375
26.7.1 General....................................................................................................................... 375
26.7.2 HE sounding protocol ................................................................................................ 375
26.7.3 Rules for HE sounding protocol sequences ............................................................... 378
26.7.4 Rules for generating segmented feedback ................................................................. 384
26.7.5 HE sounding NDP transmission ................................................................................ 385
26.8 TWT operation......................................................................................................................... 385
26.8.1 General....................................................................................................................... 385
26.8.2 Individual TWT agreements ...................................................................................... 386
26.8.3 Broadcast TWT operation.......................................................................................... 390
26.8.3.1 General..................................................................................................... 390
26.8.3.2 Rules for TWT scheduling AP................................................................. 392
26.8.3.3 Rules for TWT scheduled STA ............................................................... 396
26.8.4 Use of TWT Information frames ............................................................................... 400
26.8.4.1 General..................................................................................................... 400
26.8.4.2 TWT Information frame exchange for individual TWT.......................... 401
26.8.4.3 TWT Information frame exchange for broadcast TWT........................... 402
26.8.4.4 TWT Information frame exchange for flexible wake time...................... 403
26.8.5 Power save operation during TWT SPs..................................................................... 404
26.8.6 Negotiation of wake TBTT and wake interval .......................................................... 405
26.8.7 HE subchannel selective transmission....................................................................... 407
26.8.7.1 General..................................................................................................... 407
26.8.7.2 SST operation .......................................................................................... 407
26.9 Operating mode indication....................................................................................................... 408
26.9.1 General....................................................................................................................... 408
26.9.2 Receive operating mode (ROM) indication............................................................... 411
26.9.3 Transmit operating mode (TOM) indication ............................................................. 412
26.10 Spatial reuse operation............................................................................................................. 413
26.10.1 General....................................................................................................................... 413
26.10.2 OBSS PD-based spatial reuse operation.................................................................... 414
26.10.2.1 General..................................................................................................... 414
26.10.2.2 General operation with non-SRG OBSS PD level................................... 414
26.10.2.3 General operation with SRG OBSS PD level.......................................... 416
26.10.2.4 Adjustment of OBSS PD and transmit power ......................................... 417
26.10.2.5 OBSS PD SR transmit power restriction period...................................... 420
26.10.2.6 OBSS PD-based spatial reuse backoff procedure.................................... 421
26.10.3 PSR-based spatial reuse operation............................................................................. 422
26.10.3.1 General..................................................................................................... 422
26.10.3.2 PSR-based spatial reuse initiation............................................................ 422
26.10.3.3 PSR-based spatial reuse backoff procedure............................................. 423
26.10.3.4 UL Spatial Reuse subfield of Trigger frame............................................ 423
26.10.3.5 PSRT PPDU transmission requirements.................................................. 424
26.10.3.6 PSRT PPDU reception and response transmission requirements ............ 424
26.10.4 Interaction of OBSS PD and PSR-based spatial reuse .............................................. 424
26.11 Rules for setting some TXVECTOR parameters for PPDUs transmitted by an HE STA....... 425
26.11.1 STA_ID...................................................................................................................... 425
26.11.2 UPLINK_FLAG ........................................................................................................ 426
26.11.3 BEAM_CHANGE ..................................................................................................... 426
26.11.4 BSS_COLOR............................................................................................................. 426
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