Android数据共享:ContentProvider详解

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"ContentProvider在Android中的作用和使用方法" ContentProvider是Android系统中一个核心组件,它的主要功能是为其他应用程序提供数据存储和检索的能力。简单来说,ContentProvider就像一个数据中间人,允许不同的应用之间安全地共享数据,而无需直接访问对方的数据存储。在Android系统中,ContentProvider是唯一被官方支持的跨应用数据交换方式。 Android系统自身已经内置了一些常见的ContentProvider,如音频、视频、图片以及联系人等,这些Provider使得应用能够访问用户的媒体文件和联系人信息。如果开发者想要让自己的应用数据也能够被其他应用访问,那么就需要创建自定义的ContentProvider,或者将数据写入到现有的Provider中。 访问ContentProvider的关键在于ContentResolver。ContentResolver是一个工具类,可以通过Activity或Context获取(例如,通过`getContentResolver()`方法)。ContentResolver提供了四个主要的操作方法:`query()`用于查询数据,`insert()`用于添加数据,`update()`用于更新数据,而`delete()`则用于删除数据。 在进行查询时,通常会使用`query()`方法,该方法接收几个参数,包括Uri(用来唯一标识ContentProvider)、projection(指定要查询的列)、selection(作为WHERE子句的条件)、selectionArgs(用于填充WHERE子句的占位符)和sortOrder(定义结果集的排序方式)。例如,我们可以查询联系人数据,通过指定People.CONTENT_URI来访问联系人ContentProvider,并选择需要的字段,如姓名和电话号码。 对于查询返回的结果,通常会是一个Cursor对象,它包含了从ContentProvider获取的数据。管理Cursor的生命周期非常重要,因为Cursor在不再使用时需要关闭以释放资源。Android提供两种管理Cursor的方法:一种是直接管理,由开发者自己控制Cursor的打开和关闭;另一种是通过`managedQuery()`方法,该方法由所在的Activity自动管理Cursor的生命周期,当Activity结束时,Cursor也会被关闭。 在实际开发中,开发者需要根据需求定制ContentProvider,定义自己的Uri结构,以便其他应用能通过这个Uri找到并操作数据。同时,为了保证数据的安全性,需要合理设置权限,限制哪些应用可以访问特定的ContentProvider。 ContentProvider是Android系统中实现数据共享的关键机制,它使得不同应用之间的数据交互成为可能,同时也确保了数据的安全性和隐私性。正确理解和使用ContentProvider是Android开发中的重要技能之一。
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package com.example.tigongzhe; import android.R.integer; import android.content.ContentProvider; import android.content.ContentUris; import android.content.ContentValues; import android.content.Context; import android.content.UriMatcher; import android.database.Cursor; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper; import android.net.Uri; import android.provider.SyncStateContract.Helpers; import android.text.Selection; import android.util.Log; public class provider extends ContentProvider { private MyOpenHelper myOpenHelper; private SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase; private static final UriMatcher URI_MATCHER=new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH); private final String TAG="provider"; private static final String authority="com.example.tigongzhe.provider"; static { URI_MATCHER.addURI(authority, "contacter", 1); URI_MATCHER.addURI(authority, "contacter/#", 2); } private static final String _id="id"; private static final String name="name"; private static final String num="num"; @Override public boolean onCreate() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub myOpenHelper=new MyOpenHelper(getContext(), DB_Name, null, version_1); return true; } @Override public String getType(Uri uri) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 2: return "vnd.android.cursor.item/contacter"; case 1: return "vnd.android.dir.item/contacter"; default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("异常参数"); } } @Override public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub sqLiteDatabase=myOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 1: sqLiteDatabase.insert(Table_Name, name, values); break; case 2: long id=sqLiteDatabase.insert(Table_Name, name, values); ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, id); default: break; } return uri; } @Override public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] arg1, String arg2, String[] arg3, String arg4) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Cursor cursor; sqLiteDatabase=myOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase(); int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 1: cursor=sqLiteDatabase.query(Table_Name, arg1, arg2, arg3, null, null,arg4); break; case 2: long id=ContentUris.parseId(uri); arg2=(arg2==null||"".equals(arg2.trim()))? _id+"="+id:arg2+"and"+_id+"="+id; cursor=sqLiteDatabase.query(Table_Name, arg1, arg2, arg3, null, null,arg4); default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("参数错误"); } return cursor; } @Override public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub int num=0; sqLiteDatabase=myOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 1: num=sqLiteDatabase.update(Table_Name, values,selection, selectionArgs); break; case 2: long id=ContentUris.parseId(uri); selection=(selection==null||"".equals(selection.trim()))? _id+"="+id:selection+"and"+_id+"="+id; num=sqLiteDatabase.update(Table_Name, values,selection, selectionArgs); default: break; } return num; } @Override public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub int num=0; sqLiteDatabase=myOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 1: num=sqLiteDatabase.delete(Table_Name, selection, selectionArgs); break; case 2: long id=ContentUris.parseId(uri); selection=(selection==null||"".equals(selection.trim()))?_id+"="+id:selection+"and"+_id+"="+id; num=sqLiteDatabase.delete(Table_Name, selection, selectionArgs); default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("异常参数"); } return num; } private final String DB_Name = "mydb.db"; private final String Table_Name="contacter"; private final int version_1=1; private class MyOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper { public MyOpenHelper(Context context, String name, CursorFactory factory, int version) { super(context, name, factory, version); } /** * @description 当数据表无连接时创建新的表 */ @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { String sql = " create table if not exists " + Table_Name + "(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT," + "name varchar(64),num varchar(64))"; db.execSQL(sql); } /** * @description 当版本更新时触发的方法 */ @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { String sql = " drop table if exists " + Table_Name; db.execSQL(sql); onCreate(db); } } } +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.example.tigongzhe" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" > <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" android:targetSdkVersion="18" /> <application android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:theme="@style/AppTheme" > <activity android:name="com.example.tigongzhe.MainActivity" android:label="@string/app_name" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <provider android:name=".provider" android:authorities="com.example.tigongzhe.provider" android:multiprocess="true" android:exported="true" android:permission="com.example.tigongzhe.permission" ></provider> </application> <permission android:name="com.example.tigongzhe.permission" android:protectionLevel="normal"></permission> </manifest> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++package com.example.tigongzhe; import android.R.integer; import android.content.ContentProvider; import android.content.ContentUris; import android.content.ContentValues; import android.content.Context; import android.content.UriMatcher; import android.database.Cursor; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper; import android.net.Uri; import android.provider.SyncStateContract.Helpers; import android.text.Selection; import android.util.Log; public class provider extends ContentProvider { private MyOpenHelper myOpenHelper; private SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase; private static final UriMatcher URI_MATCHER=new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH); private final String TAG="provider"; private static final String authority="com.example.tigongzhe.provider"; static { URI_MATCHER.addURI(authority, "contacter", 1); URI_MATCHER.addURI(authority, "contacter/#", 2); } private static final String _id="id"; private static final String name="name"; private static final String num="num"; @Override public boolean onCreate() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub myOpenHelper=new MyOpenHelper(getContext(), DB_Name, null, version_1); return true; } @Override public String getType(Uri uri) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 2: return "vnd.android.cursor.item/contacter"; case 1: return "vnd.android.dir.item/contacter"; default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("异常参数"); } } @Override public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub sqLiteDatabase=myOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 1: sqLiteDatabase.insert(Table_Name, name, values); break; case 2: long id=sqLiteDatabase.insert(Table_Name, name, values); ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, id); default: break; } return uri; } @Override public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] arg1, String arg2, String[] arg3, String arg4) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Cursor cursor; sqLiteDatabase=myOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase(); int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 1: cursor=sqLiteDatabase.query(Table_Name, arg1, arg2, arg3, null, null,arg4); break; case 2: long id=ContentUris.parseId(uri); arg2=(arg2==null||"".equals(arg2.trim()))? _id+"="+id:arg2+"and"+_id+"="+id; cursor=sqLiteDatabase.query(Table_Name, arg1, arg2, arg3, null, null,arg4); default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("参数错误"); } return cursor; } @Override public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub int num=0; sqLiteDatabase=myOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 1: num=sqLiteDatabase.update(Table_Name, values,selection, selectionArgs); break; case 2: long id=ContentUris.parseId(uri); selection=(selection==null||"".equals(selection.trim()))? _id+"="+id:selection+"and"+_id+"="+id; num=sqLiteDatabase.update(Table_Name, values,selection, selectionArgs); default: break; } return num; } @Override public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub int num=0; sqLiteDatabase=myOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 1: num=sqLiteDatabase.delete(Table_Name, selection, selectionArgs); break; case 2: long id=ContentUris.parseId(uri); selection=(selection==null||"".equals(selection.trim()))?_id+"="+id:selection+"and"+_id+"="+id; num=sqLiteDatabase.delete(Table_Name, selection, selectionArgs); default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("异常参数"); } return num; } private final String DB_Name = "mydb.db"; private final String Table_Name="contacter"; private final int version_1=1; private class MyOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper { public MyOpenHelper(Context context, String name, CursorFactory factory, int version) { super(context, name, factory, version); } /** * @description 当数据表无连接时创建新的表 */ @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { String sql = " create table if not exists " + Table_Name + "(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT," + "name varchar(64),num varchar(64))"; db.execSQL(sql); } /** * @description 当版本更新时触发的方法 */ @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { String sql = " drop table if exists " + Table_Name; db.execSQL(sql); onCreate(db); } } }