Physics Letters B 789 (2019) 352–355
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Physics Letters B
www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb
Limits on neutrino Lorentz violation from multimessenger
observations of TXS 0506+056
John Ellis
a,b,c
, Nikolaos E. Mavromatos
a,d
, Alexander S. Sakharov
e,f,∗
,
Edward K. Sarkisyan-Grinbaum
g,f
a
Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
b
Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Genève 23, Switzerland
c
NICPB, Rävala pst. 10, 10143 Tallinn, Estonia
d
Department of Theoretical Physics and IFIC, University of Valencia – CSIC, Valencia, E-46100, Spain
e
Physics Department, Manhattan College, Manhattan College Parkway, Riverdale, NY 10471, United States of America
f
Experimental Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Genève 23, Switzerland
g
Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates Street, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, United States of America
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history:
Received
24 August 2018
Received
in revised form 27 October 2018
Accepted
20 November 2018
Available
online 21 December 2018
Editor:
A. Ringwald
Keywords:
Lorentz
violation
Multimessenger
Astrophysical
neutrinos
Blazar
TXS
0506+056
IceCube
The observation by the IceCube Collaboration of a high-energy (E 200 TeV) neutrino from the direction
of the blazar TXS 0506+056 and the coincident observations of enhanced γ -ray emissions from the same
object by MAGIC and other experiments can be used to set stringent constraints on Lorentz violation
in the propagation of neutrinos that is linear in the neutrino energy: v =−E/M
1
, where v is
the deviation from the velocity of light, and M
1
is an unknown high energy scale to be constrained
by experiment. Allowing for a difference in neutrino and photon propagation times of ∼ 10 days, we
find that M
1
3 × 10
16
GeV. This improves on previous limits on linear Lorentz violation in neutrino
propagation by many orders of magnitude, and the same is true for quadratic Lorentz violation.
© 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP
3
.
It is desirable to probe fundamental physical principles as sen-
sitively
as possible, and Lorentz invariance is no exception. Specif-
ically,
one may ask how accurately we know that different species
of massless particles travel at the speed of light, and how accu-
rately
we know that massive particles travel at the same speed
in the high-energy limit. Over the past two decades, since the
publication of [1], considerable effort has been put by many exper-
imental
collaborations into constraining different forms of Lorentz
violation, and specifically a linear coefficient M
1
in the velocity v
of
energetic photons: v =−E/M
1
, using distant time-dependent
astrophysical sources of energetic photons such as pulsars, gamma-
ray
bursts (GRBs) and active galactic nuclei (AGNs). However, anal-
yses
of possible Lorentz violation in photon propagation have been
*
Corresponding author at: Experimental Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211
Genève 23, Switzerland.
E-mail
address: Alexandre.Sakharov@cern.ch (A.S. Sakharov).
beset by difficulties in disentangling intrinsic time delays in the
sources from time delays accumulated during propagation, and we
consider that the strongest robust limit on M
1
for photons is be-
tween
10
17
and 10
18
GeV [2]. There have also been analyses of
possible Lorentz violation in neutrino propagation from Supernova
1987A and in a terrestrial neutrino beam, but these are sensitive
only to M
1
∼ 2 × 10
11
GeV and potentially ∼ 4 × 10
8
GeV, re-
spectively [3].
More recently, data on the first observed black-hole
binary merger [5]were used to set the much weaker limit M
1
100 keV for graviton propagation [6], and the near-coincidence of
gravitational waves and γ -rays from a neutron-star binary merger
has been used to establish that their velocities are the same to
within ∼ 10
−17
[7].
Very
recently, the IceCube Collaboration has reported the ob-
servation
of an ultra-high-energy neutrino from the direction of
the blazar TXS 0506+056, and together with a number of other
groups, most notably the MAGIC Collaboration, have reported [8]
an
enhanced level of activity in γ -ray and photon emission from
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.11.062
0370-2693/
© 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by
SCOAP
3
.
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