.NET Remoting 高级技术：跨进程通信解析

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"Advanced.NET Remoting, Second Edition，由Ingo Rammer和Mario Szpuszta撰写，深入探讨了C# Remoting的高级编程技术，是跨进程通讯的经典之作。本书涵盖了Remoting的各种技术和最佳实践，旨在帮助开发者充分利用.NET框架中的远程通信功能。" 在.NET框架中，C# Remoting是一种强大的工具，它允许对象在不同的应用程序域（AppDomain）之间，甚至是不同的计算机之间进行通信。此技术的核心目标是提供透明的远程调用，使得开发者可以像调用本地对象一样调用远程对象，大大简化了分布式应用的开发。高级.NET Remoting主要涉及以下知识点： 1. **对象激活与生命周期管理**：理解对象如何在远程环境中被创建、使用和销毁。包括单例模式、持久化对象以及激活策略（如Singleton、SingletonPerAppDomain、Transient等）。 2. **通道和服务端点**：研究各种通道（如TcpChannel、HttpChannel等）的配置和使用，它们决定了数据如何在网络间传输。服务端点定义了对象对外暴露的位置和协议。 3. **接口与类型安全**：使用接口进行远程调用以确保类型安全，理解如何序列化和反序列化对象，以及如何处理跨域类型兼容性问题。 4. **安全性与权限管理**：探讨Remoting的安全模型，包括身份验证、授权以及如何控制对远程对象的访问。了解如何使用权限策略来保护敏感的远程服务。 5. **事件与回调**：实现远程事件和回调机制，使客户端能够订阅远程对象的事件并接收通知，这对于构建响应式系统至关重要。 6. **自定义序列化**：学习如何为自定义类型实现ISerializable接口或使用BinaryFormatter的替代方案以优化序列化过程。 7. **性能优化**：分析Remoting的性能瓶颈，并探讨各种优化策略，如减少网络开销、缓存和池化对象等。 8. **分布式异常处理**：处理跨进程的异常传播，理解如何封装和传递远程异常，以及如何优雅地处理网络中断和通信错误。 9. **Remoting与Web服务的比较**：对比.NET Remoting和Web服务（如SOAP、WCF）在应用场景、性能和可伸缩性上的差异，以选择合适的通信方式。 10. **案例研究与最佳实践**：通过实际案例深入理解Remoting的使用，学习如何设计和实现健壮、高效的分布式系统。通过深入学习《Advanced.NET Remoting》这本书，开发者可以掌握高级的Remoting技术，提升构建分布式应用的能力，并能够灵活应对跨进程通信的各种挑战。

About the Authors

■INGO RAMMER is cofounder of thinktecture, a company supporting software architects and

developers with architecture and design of .NET and Web Services applications. He is a regular

speaker about these topics at conferences around the world, author of numerous online and

print articles, and winner of the .NET Developer’s Journal’s Readers’ Choice Award for Best .NET

Book of 2003. You can reach him at http://www.thinktecture.com/staff/ingo.

■MARIO SZPUSZTA is working in the Developer and Platform Group of Microsoft Austria. Before

he started working for Microsoft, Mario was involved in several projects based on COM+ and

DCOM with Visual Basic and Visual C++ as well as projects based on Java and J2SE. With Beta 2

of the .NET Framework, he started developing Web applications with ASP.NET. Right now, as

developer evangelist for Microsoft Austria, he is doing workshops, trainings, and proof-of-concept

projects together with independent software vendors in Austria based on .NET, Web Services,

and Office 2003 technologies.

xvii

Acknowledgments

First and foremost, I want to thank Mario for taking the challenge to write the second edition

of this book together with me. Without him, this book could not exist.

I especially want to thank those people whom I’ve met in the previous years and whose insight

constantly influenced the way I think about software. A big “thank you” therefore needs to go

to Beat Schwegler, Clemens Vasters, Don Box, and Steve Swartz.

But the biggest “thank you” needs to go to the thousands of software developers and archi-

tects who contacted me by e-mail, who chatted with me at various conferences, and who wrote

thought-provoking Weblog and newsgroup posts. You are the reason why I wrote this book.

Of course, writing a book would not be possible without the support of many people. Even

though only Mario’s and my name appear on the cover, this book would not have been possible

without my fellows at thinktecture: Christian Weyer, Christian Nagel, and Ralf Westphal; my

friend and the technical reviewer for this book, Kent Sharkey; and the fine editorial staff at

Apress: Laura Brown, Ami Knox, and Ellie Fountain. Thank you for making this book a reality!

—Ingo Rammer

The first large project I started working on was one of the most interesting projects I have ever

been part of. The enthusiasm and creativity of the two masterminds in this team, Harald

Leitenmüller and Benedikt Redl, have inspired me. These two persons have shown me what

software development in large projects really means, and they have shown me how interesting

software architecture is! Without them, I would not have progressed even half as far as I have

today. Therefore, my biggest thanks go to Harald and Benedikt.

Without Beat Schwegler, I would not have had the chance to get involved in writing this

book. Thank you, Beat, for this great opportunity and much more for the things I have learned

in the past two years from you. These two years have been a really great time!

Last but not least, I want to thank you, Ingo, for giving me the chance to write this book with

you. It was really great. I learned many things, and right now I recognize that writing concepts

and thoughts down is something that can be really funny and, even more so, interesting.

—Mario Szpuszta

xxi

Introduction

In the time since the first edition of this book has been published, quite a bit has changed in the

world of software development on Microsoft’s platforms. The .NET Framework has become

a tried-and-true development platform, and service orientation gained a larger-than-expected

momentum. The latter especially presents a very challenging task for the developer using .NET

Remoting: the need to avoid possible incompatibilities with future paradigms. If service orien-

tation will, in the next few years, gain the success it deserves, it might be important for your

application to be developed in a way to easily adopt these new ideas.

In this book, I have therefore followed a slightly different approach from the one I did in

the previous edition. While the first book focused only on covering all the features of the .NET

Remoting framework, Mario and I tried to extend this second edition with the best practices

for using this technology. While it still covers nearly each and every feature of the .NET Remot-

ing framework, the largest part of the new chapters of this book—especially Chapters 5, 8, 9,

and 10—deals with security, best practices, and the general avoidance of problems.

What Is Covered in This Book

This book covers the means of cross-process and cross-machine interaction of applications

developed with the .NET Framework. It will provide you with an in-depth understanding of

the remoting capabilities that are built into the .NET Framework.

.NET Remoting is different from most other means of remote object access because it can

be as easy as writing COM components in Visual Basic 6, yet also gives you the option to extend

remoting to include virtually any protocol on any transportation layer you will come across.

Part 1 of the book gives you a thorough introduction to .NET Remoting basics and how

you can use .NET Remoting “out of the box.” This gives you a whole range of possibilities, from

fast binary transfer protocol to a cross-platform SOAP protocol, with the potential to switch

between both without changing a single line in your code. At the end of this part, you will be

able to design and develop remoteable components and know just what you have to do to achieve

your goals. This part also deals with objects’ lifetimes, security, versioning, marshalling, and

deployment.

Part 2 covers the advanced features of .NET Remoting and its extensibility model. At the

end of the second part, you will have an in-depth understanding of the inner workings of

remoting and will know how to extend the framework to meet your requirements. You should

not be afraid, especially as you go through the sample code in the second part of the book, to

either hit F1 or to insert a breakpoint and examine the Locals window in your custom channel

sink to see the exact contents of the objects that get passed as parameters to your methods.

xxiii

What This Book Doesn’t Cover

This book is in no way a rehash of the supplied documentation, but is meant to be used in

conjunction with it. You will only find a small percentage of the information that is covered

in the online documentation in this book and vice versa, so it is very important for you to use

the .NET Framework SDK documentation as well.

I chose this approach to writing a book for one simple reason: I assume that, as an advanced

developer, you don’t have much time to waste going through a 1,000-page book of which 600

pages are a reproduction of the online documentation. Instead, you want to read the informa-

tion that has not been covered before. If you think so as well, this book is right for you.

Who This Book Is For

This book is for the intermediate-to-advanced programmer who wants a hands-on guide to .NET

Remoting. Although this book is not an introduction to .NET, the CLR, or any .NET language,

you nevertheless will be able to use the knowledge and insight you’ll get from this book with

any of these programming languages. All the samples printed in this book are written in Visual

Basic .NET, but you can download each and every sample in both C# and Visual Basic .NET.

If you are a “use-it” developer, Part 1 (Chapters 1 through 10) of this book will serve you well

by providing a general introduction to the possibilities of remoting and giving you in-depth

information on how to use the capabilities that come with .NET Remoting “out of the box.” This

part also includes guidance on security, best practices, and troubleshooting.

If you are more of an “understand-it-and-extend-it” developer, Part 2 of this book is for you.

Chapters 11 through 15 were written for those who want to understand what’s going on behind

the scenes of .NET Remoting and how the framework can be customized using proxies, messages,

channel sinks, and providers. It also demonstrates how a complete transport channel is imple-

mented from scratch.

At the end of the book, you’ll find a collection of appendixes that provide a reference of

the namespaces, classes, and interfaces that comprise the .NET Remoting framework.

How This Book Is Structured

Advanced .NET Remoting is divided into two parts. Part 1 (Chapters 1 through 10) covers every-

thing you need to know for developing distributed applications within the .NET Framework.

Part 2 (Chapters 11 through 15) gives you a thorough technical insight that will allow you to

really understand what’s happening behind the scenes and how you can tap into customizing

the framework to suit your exact needs. Following is a brief chapter-by-chapter summary of

the topics covered in this book.

Chapter 1: Introduction to Remoting

This chapter gives you a short introduction to the world of distributed application development

and the respective technologies. It presents some scenarios in which .NET Remoting can be

employed and includes historical background on the progress and development of various

remoting frameworks during the last ten years.

■INTRODUCTIONxxiv

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