NIST 800-161修订版:网络安全供应链风险管理实践指南

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NIST特别出版物800-161《系统和组织的网络安全供应链风险管理实践》是一份由NIST(美国国家标准与技术研究院)发布的关于网络安全供应链风险管理的重要指导文件。这份修订版草案旨在帮助企业及其组织更好地理解和管理网络安全供应链中的风险,确保企业在数字化时代的信息安全。 该文档的核心关注点包括以下几个方面: 1. 目的与目标读者:NIST 800-161的目标是为企业所有者和运营商提供一个全面的框架,帮助他们识别、评估和管理网络安全供应链中的风险。目标读者涵盖了企业风险管理人员、C-SCRM(网络安全供应链风险管理实践)的所有者和运营商、系统开发工程师、信息安全专家以及与供应链相关的各方。 2. 企业供应链视角:文档强调了企业供应链在网络安全中的重要性,尤其是内部供应商关系的管理。它阐述了如何通过C-SCRM将网络安全融入企业整体风险管理策略,强调了收购过程中的C-SCRM策略和实施计划。 3. 多层次风险管理:NIST提出了三层级的风险管理体系,分别是企业级、任务/业务流程级和操作级,每个级别都有明确的角色和职责。C-SCRM MO (Management Office) 是负责协调和监督这些活动的中心机构。 4. 关键成功因素:文档列出了几个关键要素,如收购过程中的C-SCRM考虑、供应链信息共享、培训和意识提升、以及基础、持续和强化的C-SCRM实践。测量能力和专门资源也是实现有效C-SCRM管理的重要部分,通过性能指标来度量C-SCRM的效果。 5. 安全控制:附录A提供了C-SCRM的安全控制指南,包括控制的概述和摘要,以帮助实施者确保网络安全供应链的各个层面得到恰当保护。 NIST800-161为组织提供了一套实用的方法论,帮助它们识别并降低来自供应链的潜在网络安全威胁,确保企业在数字化环境下的稳健运营。通过遵循这份出版物的建议,企业能够提升其网络安全态势,降低风险,保护核心资产。
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FIPS 201 originally required that all PIV credentials and associated keys be stored in a PIV Card. While the use of the PIV Card for electronic authentication works well with traditional desktop and laptop computers, it is not optimized for mobile devices. In response to the growing use of mobile devices within the Federal government, FIPS 201 was revised to permit the issuance of an additional credential, a Derived PIV Credential, for which the corresponding private key is stored in a cryptographic module with an alternative form factor to the PIV Card. Derived PIV Credentials leverage the current investment in the PIV infrastructure for electronic authentication and build upon the solid foundation of well-vetted and trusted identity of the PIV cardholder – achieving substantial cost savings by leveraging the identity-proofing results that were already performed to issue PIV cards. This document provides the technical guidelines for the implementation of Derived PIV Credentials. The use of a Derived PIV Credential is one possible way to PIV-enable a mobile device. In other cases it may be practical to use the PIV Card itself with the mobile device, using either the PIV Card’s contact or contactless interface, rather than issuing a Derived PIV Credential. Mobile devices are generally too small to integrate smart card readers into the device itself, requiring alternative approaches for communicating between the PIV Card and the mobile device. Some of these approaches are possible by today’s set of available products. Other, newer technologies are addressed by new guidelines in the existing set of PIV Special Publications. The current solution for PIV enablement directly uses PIV Cards with mobile devices through smart card readers. This has the advantage of avoiding the additional time and expense required to issue and manage Derived PIV Credentials. The approach requires smart card readers that are separate from, but attached to, the mobile device itself. These readers interface with the mobile device over a wired interface (e.g., USB) or wireless interface. The use of PIV Cards with mobile devices is functionally similar to their use with laptop and desktop computers. It does not involve new or different requirements to communicate with the PIV Card. Instead, the existing contact interface specifications of the PIV Card, as outlined in SP 800-73, form the basis for these types of readers to communicate with the PIV Card. Newer technology on mobile devices can directly communicate with and use PIV Cards over a contactless interface using Near Field Communication (NFC). Similarly to the mobile devices and attached reader scenario, the use of NFC technology with PIV cards also avoids the additional time and expense required to issue and manage Derived PIV Credentials. NFC uses radio frequency to establish communication between NFC-enabled devices. An NFC-enabled mobile device can interact with a PIV Card over its contactless interface at a very close range, allowing the mobile device to use the keys on the PIV Card without a physical connection. The user would need to hold or place the card next to the mobile device. Earlier PIV specifications did not allow the use of certain keys over the contactless interface, as existing technologies and standards did not support a secure channel between the smart card and the mobile device over NFC. SP 800-73-4 will include a new capability to enable access to all non-card-