PHP开发者必读：Stoyan Stefanov的《JavaScript指南》

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《写给PHP开发者的JavaScript》是一本由Stoyan Stefanov撰写的专为PHP开发者量身打造的指南，于2013年出版。这本书深入浅出地介绍了JavaScript语言在Web开发中的重要性，特别是对于那些已经熟悉PHP的开发者来说，它旨在帮助他们跨越技术栈，理解和掌握JavaScript的特性和最佳实践。作为一本技术手册，本书的主要内容包括但不限于以下几个方面： 1. **JavaScript基础知识介绍**：首先，Stefanov会回顾JavaScript的基本语法、数据类型、控制结构、函数和对象，确保PHP开发者能够建立起坚实的JavaScript基础。 2. **DOM操作与事件处理**：书中会详细介绍如何利用JavaScript与HTML文档对象模型（DOM）交互，以及如何编写高效的事件驱动代码，这对于动态网页和前端用户体验至关重要。 3. **AJAX与异步编程**：PHP开发者可能会对异步编程感到陌生，书中会通过实例解释如何利用AJAX技术实现页面无刷新更新，提升网页性能。 4. **模块化与工程实践**：随着项目规模的增大，模块化编程变得尤为重要。Stefanov会讲解如何使用模块化工具如CommonJS或AMD，以及如何组织和管理大型JavaScript代码库。 5. **浏览器兼容性与优化**：由于浏览器间的差异，JavaScript开发者需要了解如何处理这些问题。书中会提供跨浏览器兼容性的解决方案，并探讨性能优化策略。 6. **现代JavaScript框架与库**：针对现代Web开发趋势，作者会介绍一些流行的JavaScript框架（如AngularJS、React或Vue.js），以及它们如何简化开发过程。 7. **Node.js与服务器端JavaScript**：虽然主要针对PHP开发者，但书中也会涉及如何利用Node.js构建高性能的后端服务，从而实现全栈JavaScript开发。版权方面，所有权利归Stoyan Stefanov所有，这本书在美国印制，并由O'Reilly Media公司发行。读者可以通过O'Reilly官网购买电子版或联系公司获取更多信息。编辑、生产编辑、校对人员等都为本书的高质量制作做出了贡献。《写给PHP开发者的JavaScript》是一本实用的桥梁书籍，帮助PHP开发者扩展技能树，适应Web开发的多元化需求，尤其适合希望通过学习JavaScript来提升自己的Web开发能力的开发者。

As it turns out, most of the problems have historically been (and let’s be honest, still

are) due to browser differences in the implementation of DOM and BOM, and to a

much smaller extent, the JavaScript language itself.

DOM stands for Document Object Model. It’s an API (application programming inter‐

face) for working with structured documents such as those written in XML, XHTML,

and HTML. DOM is a language-independent API that also exists in PHP. In JavaScript,

this API is easily spotted: anything that starts with document. has to do with the DOM.

As a point of historical interest, DOM started in JavaScript and was later standardized

by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) as an API independent of JavaScript or

any other language. These days, you can still unearth remnants of that primordial DOM

(now called DOM0)—things like document.images (all images on a page) and docu

ment.links (all links), which were replaced in DOM version 1 with more generic

methods such as document.getElementById() and document.getElementsByTag

Name().

BOM stands for Browser Object Model. It’s a nice name for something that’s not formally

defined. It’s a collection of browser-related properties and methods, such as available

screen size or the status bar. Most of these properties are available as globals such as

innerWidth, although you most often see them used as properties of the window object

(e.g., window.innerWidth). BOM hasn’t been standardized for a long time, so as you

can imagine, there are some differences across browsers. HTML5 started to codify

common behavior among browsers, including the common BOM objects.

Another term you need to know is ECMAScript. This is the core JavaScript language

when you strip out the DOM and BOM. It’s the language that deals with syntax, loops,

functions, objects, and so on. JavaScript started as a Netscape innovation, but was later

copied by other browser vendors, raising the need for this language to establish a stan‐

dard to which all implementors (browser vendors and others) would need to conform.

This standard was defined by the European Computer Manufacturers Association (EC‐

MA), now Ecma International, and called ECMAScript. These days, JavaScript should

technically mean Mozilla’s implementation of ECMAScript (there’s also JScript, which

is Microsoft’s implementation), but that’s not what people mean when they say “Java‐

Script.”

All in all, when people talk about JavaScript, they may mean an array of topics, including

DOM, BOM, and ECMAScript. So:

JavaScript = ECMAScript + DOM + BOM

Scope of This Book

A good thing that has happened since the early days of the Web is that now there is a

wide availability of high-quality JavaScript libraries, such as jQuery and YUI (Yahoo!

2 | Chapter 1: Introduction

User Interface Library). These libraries take the pain out of development by providing

an API layer that abstracts the differences in the browser implementations of DOM and

BOM—and sometimes ECMAScript itself.

The scope of this book is ECMAScript, the language itself. DOM is something you’re

probably already familiar with from PHP, and BOM is not really that interesting (it’s

just a collection of global variables and functions). Plus, you can always use a library to

abstract the DOM and BOM. This book is independent of any particular JavaScript

library, allowing you to focus on the core language and pick a library of your choice

when you need one.

The book uses the term JavaScript to mean ECMAScript because using “ECMAScript”

is uncommon and just plain awkward. The focus is on the most popular version of the

language, ECMAScript 3 (ES3). The standards body skipped version 4 and the latest

version at the time of this book’s publication is ECMAScript 5.1, which is also referred

to as ES5. Although ES5 is already widely available, you cannot rely on it if you want to

support older browsers, such as Internet Explorer before version 9. Chapter 6 details

what’s new and different in ES5, and will help you to decide whether or not to use it. It

works even in old browsers via a “shim,” or “polyfill,” as you’ll see in “Shims” on page 112.

The Language

Once you strip out all the DOM/BOM browser hell, what you have left is JavaScript—

a beautiful, small language with a familiar C-like syntax and just a handful of built-in

objects.

It’s a popular language that’s practically everywhere: on the client, server, mobile phones,

desktop, and shell. Even inside PHP you can embed JavaScript using the V8Js PHP class.

It’s actually harder to find an environment where you cannot run JavaScript, which

means you can learn one language and use it everywhere.

It’s also an odd language when you approach it from the perspective of a PHP developer.

Here are some things to be aware of early on and look for as you progress through this

book:

•

Functions in JavaScript are objects. Arrays and regular expressions are objects, too.

• Functions provide scope, and local variable scope is achieved by wrapping the code

in a function.

•

Closures are used heavily. Although closures have existed in PHP since version 5.3,

they are not yet commonly used in PHP. In JavaScript, they are everywhere.

• Prototypes are an important concept in JavaScript for which there is no equivalent

in PHP. It’s one of the ways JavaScript accomplishes code reuse and inheritance.

The Language | 3

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