Oracle P/L SQL查询技巧:动态数据处理与记录类型

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"Oracle数据库中的P/L SQL查询技术,包括如何导入SQL文件,使用变量、记录类型以及处理子查询和组合查询的方法。" 在Oracle数据库环境中,P/L SQL(Procedural Language/Structured Query Language)是一种扩展了SQL的编程语言,它允许用户执行更复杂的数据库操作。以下是对P/L SQL查询的详细解释: 1. **导入SQL文件**: Oracle提供了一个命令行工具SQL*Plus,可以用来执行SQL脚本。通过`@`符号后面跟上SQL脚本的路径,如`sql>@d:/el_data.sql;`,可以方便地导入并执行存储在文件中的SQL语句。 2. **使用变量**: 在P/L SQL中,可以声明变量来存储数据。例如,`v_sal number(20,2)`声明了一个名为`v_sal`的数值变量,它能存储最多2位小数的数值。通过`SELECT ... INTO`语句,可以从表中选取数据赋值给变量,如`SELECT salary INTO v_sal FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 100;`。 3. **打印输出**: `DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE`是一个包中的过程,用于在运行时输出文本到控制台或日志文件,如`dbms_output.put_line(v_sal);`。 4. **动态获取数据类型**: 可以使用`%TYPE`关键字来让变量与表列的数据类型保持一致。例如,`v_sale employees.salary%type`定义了一个变量`v_sal`,其数据类型与`employees`表中`salary`列相同。 5. **记录类型(RECORD)**: 记录类型允许你创建自定义的数据结构,将多个不同但逻辑相关的数据项组合在一起。如`type emp_record is record (v_sal employees.salary%type, v_email employees.email%type);`定义了一个记录类型,包含`salary`和`email`两个字段。 6. **使用记录类型变量**: 你可以声明一个记录类型的变量,如`v_emp_record emp_record;`,然后用`SELECT ... INTO`将查询结果存入这个变量。例如,`SELECT salary, email INTO v_emp_record FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 100;`,之后可以通过`.v_sal`和`.v_email`访问记录中的字段。 7. **行类型(ROWTYPE)**: `%ROWTYPE`是Oracle提供的一种特殊记录类型,它与特定表的每一行的结构完全匹配。`v_emp_record employees%rowtype;`声明的变量包含了`employees`表中所有字段,然后可以通过`SELECT * INTO v_emp_record FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 100;`将整行数据存储到变量中。 8. **子查询和组合查询**: P/L SQL支持在查询中嵌套子查询,例如,你可以在一个`WHERE`子句中使用子查询来满足某些条件。同时,可以通过`UNION`、`INTERSECT`、`MINUS`等操作进行组合查询,以合并或对比不同的查询结果。 这些基础概念构成了P/L SQL查询的核心,使得开发者能够在Oracle数据库中进行更高级和灵活的数据操作。无论是简单的数据检索,还是复杂的业务逻辑处理,P/L SQL都能提供强大且高效的支持。
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Oracle P/L SQL实现FTP上传、下载功能,以下是此过程包的头部,包体经常打包处理plb,感兴趣用户可以下载下来。 --Oracle上的FTP功能 Create or Replace Package UTL_FTP AUTHID CURRENT_USER as Type Connection is Record( Connection UTL_TCP.Connection, AccountInfo VarChar2(1000), TransferMethod Char(1), --A: ASCII, E: EBCDIC, I: IMAGE TransferOption Char(1), LocalDirectory VarChar2(30), LastReply VarChar2(32767 ) ); Type File_List is Table of VarChar2(32767) Index by Binary_Integer; is_FTPStatus VarChar2(800) := 'disconnect'; is_FTPPort Constant Integer := 21; is_TransferMethod Constant VarChar2(10) := 'ASCII'; ii_OutputLog Constant Integer := 1; ii_RollBufferLog Constant Integer := 2; ii_ClientInfoLog Constant Integer := 4; -- Per RFC 959, if account info ( ACCT ) is requested Then a 332 code -- should be Returned from the PASS command instead of a Positive Completion ii_FTPRequestAcct Constant Integer := 332; gb_Verbose Boolean := False; --是否记录冗长、累赘的日志 gi_LogOptions Integer := ii_OutputLog; gs_LogText VarChar2(32767) := Null; Procedure p_SetVerbose( ab_Verbose in Boolean ); Procedure p_SetLogOptions( ai_LogOptions in Integer ); Procedure p_ClearLog; --登录到远程FTP服务器 Function f_Login( as_RemoteHost in VarChar2, as_Username in VarChar2, as_Password in VarChar2, as_LocalDirectory in VarChar2 Default Null, as_RemoteDir in VarChar2 Default Null, as_TransferMethod in VarChar2 Default is_TransferMethod, ai_Timeout in Integer Default Null, ai_FTPPort in Integer Default is_FTPPort, as_AccountInfo in VarChar2 Default Null )Return Connection; Procedure p_Logout( ac_Connection in out Nocopy Connection ); Procedure p_SendFTPCmd( ac_Connection in out Nocopy Connection, as_Command in VarChar2, as_Argument in VarChar2 Default Null, as_AccountInfo in VarChar2 Default Null ); Procedure p_ReadReply( ac_Connection in out Nocopy Connection ); Procedure p_Rename( ac_Connection in out Nocopy Connection, as_OldFilename in VarChar2, as_NewFilename in VarChar2 ); Procedure p_DeleteFile( ac_Connection in out Nocopy Connection, as_Filename in VarChar2 ); Function f_isDirectory( ac_Connection in out Nocopy Connection, as_Directory in VarChar2, ab_CDToo in Boolean Default True )Return Boolean; Procedure p_CreateDirectory( ac_Connection in out Nocopy Connection, as_Directory in VarChar2 ); Procedure p_DeleteDirectory( ac_Connection in out Nocopy Connection, as_Directory in VarChar2 ); Procedure p_SetTransferMethod( ac_Connection in out Nocopy Connection, as_TransferMethod in VarChar2, as_Option in VarChar2 Default Null ); Procedure p_RemoteCD( ac_Connection in out Nocopy Connection, as_Directory in VarChar2, ab_CreateDir in Boolean Default True ); Procedure p_RemoteCDup( ac_Connection in out Nocopy Connection ); Function f_RemotePWD( ac_Connection in out Nocopy Connection )Return VarChar2; Procedure p_PutClob( ac_Connection in out Nocopy Connection, ac_LocalClob in Clob, as_RemoteFilename in VarChar2, as_TransferMethod in VarChar2 Default Null ); Function f_PutClob( ac_Connection in out Nocopy Connection, ac_LocalClob in Clob, as_RemoteFilename in VarChar2, as_TransferMethod in VarChar2 Default Null )Return VarChar2; Procedure p_PutBlob( ac_Connection in out Nocopy Connection, ab_LocalBlob in BLOB, as_RemoteFilename in VarChar2, ab_ForceBinary in Boolean Default True --强制为二进制 ); Procedure p_GetClob( ac_Connection in out Nocopy Connection, as_RemoteFilename in VarChar2, ac_LocalClob in out Nocopy Clob, as_TransferMethod in VarChar2 Default Null ); Function f_GetClob( ac_Connection in out Nocopy Connection, as_RemoteFilename in VarChar2, as_TransferMethod in VarChar2 Default Null )Return Clob; Procedure p_GetBlob( ac_Connection in out Nocopy Connection, as_RemoteFilename in VarChar2, ab_LocalBlob in out Nocopy BLOB, ab_ForceBinary in Boolean Default True ); Function f_GetBlob( ac_Connection in out Nocopy Connection, as_RemoteFilename in VarChar2, ab_ForceBinary in Boolean Default True )Return BLOB; Procedure p_PutFile( ac_Connection in out Nocopy Connection, ai_LocalFilename in UTL_File.File_Type, as_RemoteFilename in VarChar2, as_TransferMethod in VarChar2 Default Null ); Procedure p_PutFile( ac_Connection in out Nocopy Connection, as_LocalDirectory in VarChar2, as_LocalFilename in VarChar2, as_RemoteFilename in VarChar2, as_TransferMethod in VarChar2 Default Null ); Function f_PutFile( ac_Connection in out Nocopy Connection, as_LocalDirectory in VarChar2, as_LocalFilename in VarChar2, as_RemoteFilename in VarChar2, as_TransferMethod in VarChar2 Default Null )Return VarChar2; Procedure p_PutFile( ac_Connection in out Nocopy Connection, as_LocalDirectory in VarChar2, as_LocalFilename in VarChar2 ); Procedure p_GetFile( ac_Connection in out Nocopy Connection, as_RemoteFilename in VarChar2, as_LocalDirectory in VarChar2, as_LocalFilename in VarChar2, as_TransferMethod in VarChar2 Default Null ); Procedure p_GetFile( ac_Connection in out Nocopy Connection, as_RemoteFilename in VarChar2, as_TransferMethod in VarChar2 Default Null ); Procedure p_GetFile( ac_Connection in out Nocopy Connection, as_RemoteFilename in VarChar2, ai_LocalFilename in out Nocopy UTL_File.File_Type, as_TransferMethod in VarChar2 Default Null ); Procedure p_GetFileList( ac_Connection in out Nocopy Connection, afl_List out File_List, as_RemotePath in VarChar2 Default Null, ab_FilenameOnly in Boolean Default True, as_FilenamePrefix in VarChar2 Default Null, as_FilenameExt in VarChar2 Default Null, as_TransferMethod in VarChar2 Default is_TransferMethod ); Function f_GetFileList( ac_Connection in out Nocopy Connection, as_RemotePath in VarChar2 Default Null, ab_FilenameOnly in Boolean Default True, as_FilenamePrefix in VarChar2 Default Null, as_FilenameExt in VarChar2 Default Null, as_TransferMethod in VarChar2 Default is_TransferMethod )Return File_List; --根据FTP参数或系统事先设定好的IP登录到FTP服务器 --Select UTL_FTP.f_ConnectFTP() From dual; Function f_ConnectFTP( as_RemoteSubDir in VarChar2 Default Null, --Remote Subdirectory as_RemoteFileWildcard in VarChar2 Default Null, --Remote File Wildcard --删除之前生成的文件 如I02-UB*.xls as_FTPServer in VarChar2, --FTP Server as_FTPUserID in VarChar2, --FTP User ID as_FTPPasswd in VarChar2 --FTP Password )Return UTL_FTP.Connection; END UTL_FTP; /