65nm CMOS技术实现的1.5GHz低功耗可变增益Gm-C滤波器

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"本文介绍了在65纳米CMOS技术下实现的一款1.5GHz低功耗Gm-C滤波器，该滤波器具有0-40dB的可变增益功能，特别适用于相控阵雷达系统。" 文章详细讨论了针对高频率双二阶滤波器级联设计中存在的问题及其解决方案。作者Haoyu Mei和Wei Li来自复旦大学的ASIC与系统国家重点实验室。他们提出了一种创新的理论分析方法和低功耗设计策略，以及独特的增益调整机制。设计中采用的是台积电65纳米工艺。该第五阶切比雪夫低通Gm-C滤波器在1.5GHz截止频率下工作，能够实现0-40dB的连续增益调节，并且增益步进控制在小于0.5dB的范围内。滤波器的关键性能指标包括：输入三阶截点(IIP3)为1dBm，噪声系数(NF)约为27dB。在不包含管脚的情况下，芯片面积仅为0.5mm²，且在1.2V电源电压下功耗仅为11mW。在高速硬盘、通信系统等应用中，连续时间低通滤波器是必不可少的组件。随着应用速度需求的提高，滤波器的3-dB截止频率也需要相应提升。然而，随着频率的增加，设计挑战也随之增加，如功耗、增益控制精度以及噪声性能等问题。这款1.5GHz Gm-C滤波器的创新之处在于它能够在保持高性能的同时，有效地解决了这些问题，实现了低功耗和精细的增益控制，这在高频滤波器设计领域具有显著的意义。 65纳米CMOS工艺的使用使得该滤波器尺寸紧凑，功耗低，适合集成在高密度、高性能的电子设备中。此外，滤波器的增益调整能力使其在各种应用场景中具有灵活性，可以适应不同的信号处理需求。这项研究为高频滤波器的设计提供了新的思路，对于推动射频和微波系统的发展具有积极的影响。

A Low Power 1.5GHz Gm-C Filter with 0-40dB Variable Gain in

65-nm CMOS Technology

Haoyu Mei, Wei Li

State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System, Fudan University

Shanghai 201203, China

Email:

w-li@fudan.edu.cn

Abstract

Targeting to phase-array radar system, a 1.5GHz

continuous-time fifth order Chebyshev Gm-C low-pass

filter with unique gain adjustment is presented. This

paper comes up with theoretical analysis and solutions to

solve the problem existing in cascading design of high

frequency biquad filters. Methods of low-power design

and gain adjustment are also provided. The filter is

designed with TSMC 65nm process. The post simulation

results show that the filter realizes gain of 0-40dB with

1.5GHz cut-off frequency, the max gain-step smaller

than 0.5dB. The IIP3 is 1dBm and NF is about 27dB.

The chip without pads occupies 0.5 mm

and consumes

11mw at a 1.2-V supply voltage.

1. Introduction

In many applications such as high-speed hard disks,

communication systems, the continuous-time low-pass

filters are indispensable. As the speed requirement of

application increases, the 3-dB cut-off frequency has to

keep up with the pace. But the constraints for the

performance, like low power consumption, small area

and high linearity, as always, are strict. In comparison to

active RC filter, the Gm-C filter is more applicable for

high frequency filter design. The operational

trans-conductance amplifier (OTA) is the core part of the

Gm-C filter. In consideration of speed, linearity and

power consumption, the OTAs are all pseudo-differential

structure based on inverter.

In this paper, a 1.5GHz fifth order Chebyshev Gm-C

low-pass filter with fine-gain adjustment and low power

design is presented. The target of the filter is for

phase-array radar system, which has high requirements

for bandwidth and fine gain-step. The structure of the

paper is arranged as follows. Firstly, the circuit design

and theoretical analysis are presented. Then the post

simulation result and discussion are shown. Finally,

conclusions are addressed.

2. Circuit design and analysis

The diagram of the proposed filter is depicted in

Fig.1. The fifth order filter is realized by cascading one

first-order filter and two biquads. Unit-gain buffers are

used before the first order filter and between every two

filters in order to realize impedance isolation. In addition

to the capacitors C

( i=1,2,3. j=1,2.) used for each filter

to generate poles, series capacitors(C

) and grounding

capacitors(C

) are also used for AC coupling and gain

adjustment. The filter achieves voltage gain from 0dB to

40dB by changing the values of C

and C

, and the

bandwidth of 1.5GHz remains the same as the buffer has

enough output driving capability.

Fig.1 The architecture of the filter

Fig.2 shows the structures of the OTAs. The last

two OTAs in a biquad are Nauta’s structures

[1]

, as shown

in Fig. 2(b). The former two OTAs’ circuit in the biquad

are chosen the same, and also the first order filter’s two

OTA’s circuits as shown in Fig. 2(a). The inverter-based

OTA shown in Fig. 2(a) has a high power efficiency for

its current-reused characteristics, but it doesn’t have the

ability of common mode rejection. The Nauta’s OTA

solves this problem but it needs four extra inverters (inv3,

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