Tm3+光纤激光泵浦的高效被动调Q Ho:YLF 激光器研究

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本研究论文主要探讨了一种掺杂Tm3+的光纤激光器泵浦的被动调Q（Passively Q-switched, PQS）Ho:YLF激光器的设计与实现。该工作由哈尔滨工业大学可调激光技术国家重点实验室的Chao Yang等研究人员主导，他们利用自制造的全光纤激光器作为泵浦源，这一创新的配置旨在提高激光器的紧凑性和效率。首先，研究人员设计并制造出一款在1940纳米工作的全光纤激光器，其斜率效率（slope efficiency）达到了惊人的40.6%。这个高效率的泵浦源对于提升Ho:YLF激光器的性能至关重要。在连续波（Continuous Wave, CW）模式下，Ho:YLF激光器在被全光纤激光器直接泵浦后，显示出最高输出功率为7.79瓦，对应的斜率效率更是达到了55.2%，这表明了激光器在功率传输和转换方面的优秀性能。为了实现被动调Q功能，他们采用了Cr2+:ZnS作为可饱和吸收器，这是一种常见的技术手段，用于控制激光脉冲的产生和稳定性。通过这种方式，激光器能够在保持高能量输出的同时，实现周期性的脉冲输出，从而满足特定的应用需求，如高精度切割、远程通信或材料处理等领域。这项研究不仅展示了光纤激光器与Ho:YLF晶体结合的高效能特性，而且证明了全光纤激光器作为泵浦源的实用性。这对于推动光纤激光技术的发展，尤其是那些对功率密度和调制能力有高要求的应用，具有重要的科学价值和实际意义。此外，它也为未来在光通信、精密加工以及激光医学等领域的应用提供了新的可能和方向。由于其紧凑的结构和高效的性能，这种掺有Tm3+的PQS Ho:YLF激光器有望成为高性能激光技术领域的重要研究成果。

Passively Q-switched Ho:YLF laser pumped by Tm

3 þ

-doped ﬁber laser

Chao Yang

, Youlun Ju

, Baoquan Yao

, Tongyu Dai

, Xiaoming Duan

, Jiang Li

Yu Ding

, Wei Liu

, Yubai Pan

, Chaoyu Li

National Key Laboratory of Tunable Laser Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China

Key Laboratory of Transparent and Opto-functional Advanced Inorganic Materials, CAS, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,

Shanghai 200050, China

article info

Article history:

Received 30 April 2015

Received in revised form

10 August 2015

Accepted 28 August 2015

Available online 7 September 2015

Keywords:

Fiber laser

Ho:YLF laser

Passively Q-Switched

abstract

We demonstrate a compact and efﬁcient passively Q-switched (PQS) Ho:YLF laser pumped by a self-

made all-ﬁber laser. Firstly, we design and make an all-ﬁber laser operating at 1940 nm with a slope

efﬁciency of 40.6%. Then, the all-ﬁber laser was used to pump Ho:YLF laser directly. In the CW (con-

tinues-wave) operation Ho:YLF laser, the maximum output power was 7.79 W, corresponding to the

slope efﬁciency of 55.2%. Using Cr

2 þ

:ZnS as the saturable absorber, the average power of 6.03 W was

achieved with the slope efﬁciency of 45.9%. The shortest pulse duration was 15.6 ns and the pulse re-

petition frequency was 2.3 kHz at the pump power of 20.4 W. The pulse energy was a constant as 2.7 mJ

when the pump power exceeded 15 W. The beam quality factor of M

was 1.05, indicating nearly dif-

fraction limited beam propagation.

1. Introduction

Pulsed solid-state lasers operating at 2

m eye-safe spectral

range have become one of the most explored regions. Based on the

advantages as high energy, short pulse and “atmospheric win-

dow”,2

m laser were broadly used in remote sensing [1], wind

LIDAR [2], medicine [3,4] and pumping the optical parametric

oscillators(OPOs) [5]. The pulse lasers commonly adopt the Q-

switched technologies as actively Q-switched and passively Q-

switched. It is much easier and more cost-effective for passively

Q-switched lasers to achieve compact operations without the need

for expensive and bulky acousto-optic or electro-optic modulators

[6]. Besides, a suitable saturable absorber (SA) is crucially im-

portant for efﬁcient PQS laser. It has been applied to several Tm-

doped laser materials such as KY(WO

)

[7],YAG[8], and YAP [9],

using Cr

2 þ

-doped ZnSe and ZnS crystals, PbS quantum dots, and

InGaAs/GaAs semiconductor-based SAs. Compared with other SAs,

2 þ

:ZnS media have a series of excellent characteristics, such as

the high optical damage threshold of 1.5 J/cm

[10] and the ther-

mal conductivity in the cubic phase of 27 W/mK [11], which lead

to a weaker thermal lens effect.

At present, the main 2

m passively Q-switched laser media are

3 þ

-doped, Ho

3 þ

-doped, and Tm

3 þ

,Ho

3þ

-codoped crystals.

Compared with Tm

3 þ

-doped media, Ho

3 þ

-doped media have

larger emitting cross section and longer upper laser level lifetime

[12,13]. Tm,Ho co-doped media need to be operated under liquid

temperature. Compared with Tm

3 þ

,Ho

3þ

-codoped media, the

energy transition upconversion loss and reabsorption loss in

3 þ

-doped media were signiﬁcantly decreased because there is

no requirement of the sensitizing ions. So, better laser output

characteristics in Ho

3þ

-doped laser can be obtained at room

temperature.

Based on the effect of host material on thermology, mechanics

and spectrum characteristics, the optical properties of

3 þ

-doped crystals crucially depend on the host materials. The

host materials usually used in Ho

3 þ

-doped crystals are oxide

crystals (like YAP [14],YAG[15–17]) and ﬂuoride crystals (like YLF

[18], LuLF [19]). Compared with oxide crystals, the phonon energy

of ﬂuoride crystals is much lower and the related upper level

lifetime is much longer, which helps to realize high energy storage

and reach the laser operation condition. Ho:YLF is just a typical

representation of ﬂuoride crystal, which belongs to tetragonal

system. In 2004, D. Y. Shen et al. used a tunable Tm-doped ﬁber

laser operating at 1942 nm pumping a Ho:YLF laser. 4.8 W CW

output power at 2.07

m was obtained by 9.4 W pump power with

a slope efﬁciency of 51% [20]. In 2006, Y. X. Bai et al. reported an

efﬁciently Ho:YLF laser pumped by a ﬁber laser operating at

1941 nm. The maximum CW output power of 19 W at 2051 nm

was obtained, corresponding to a slope efﬁciency of 64.7% [21].In

2011, H. J. Strauss et al. realized a 330 mJ single frequency laser

output pumping by a Tm:YLF laser at 1890 nm with

polarization

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/optlastec

Optics & Laser Technology

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2015.08.022

Corresponding author.

E-mail addresses: daitongyu2006@126.com (T. Dai), lijiang@mail.sic.ac.cn (J. Li).

Optics & Laser Technology 77 (2016) 55–58

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