伯克利视角:云计算潜力与变革——云端服务详解

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云计算,一个革命性的概念,源自Berkeley可靠自适应分布式系统实验室的研究报告,其核心理念在于将计算能力转化为一种可共享的公共设施,从而彻底改变信息技术产业的格局。这篇论文深入探讨了云计算的多个方面,包括: 1. 基本概念:云计算的核心是将计算力作为一种服务,用户可以根据需求即时获取,按需付费,无需关心底层基础设施的细节。它将传统的软件购买模式转变为基于订阅的模式,使得软件服务变得更加吸引人。 2. 优势与潜力:云计算消除了企业对大规模硬件投资和维护团队的依赖。它允许开发者以较低的初始成本快速推出创新服务,避免了过度或不足部署带来的资源浪费和商业机会损失。同时,它显著提升了大规模并行任务处理的能力,通过弹性的资源分配,降低了使用成本。 3. 服务类型:云计算包括两种主要形式:一是软件即服务(SaaS),用户通过网络直接使用应用程序;二是公共云,即通过数据中心的硬件和系统软件向公众提供按需付费的服务。这两种形式都是云计算的实践体现。 4. 发展趋势:论文探讨了云计算的现状以及未来的机遇和挑战。随着技术的进步,云计算将继续推动IT行业的创新,如边缘计算、人工智能和物联网的融合,以及数据安全和隐私保护等问题。 5. 翻译与审校:这篇报告由中国电子学会云计算专家委员会组织翻译和审校,旨在让更多人了解Berkeley的观点。报告的翻译工作由姚宏宇博士负责,经过多位专家的校订,尽管可能存在一些错误或不准确之处,但其价值仍得到了专家的认可。 云计算的发展不仅改变了企业的IT策略,也正在重塑消费者体验,它的普及预示着IT行业将迎来一场深刻的变革。理解并掌握云计算的基本原理和应用策略,对于企业和个人而言都至关重要。
2009-08-07 上传
Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing Michael Armbrust, Armando Fox, Rean Griffith, Anthony D. Joseph, Randy Katz, Andy Konwinski, Gunho Lee, David Patterson, Ariel Rabkin, Ion Stoica, and Matei Zaharia (Comments should be addressed to abovetheclouds@cs.berkeley.edu) UC Berkeley Reliable Adaptive Distributed Systems Laboratory  http://radlab.cs.berkeley.edu/ February 10, 2009 KEYWORDS: Cloud Computing, Utility Computing, Internet Datacenters, Distributed System Economics 1 Executive Summary Cloud Computing, the long-held dream of computing as a utility, has the potential to transform a large part of th IT industry, making software even more attractive as a service and shaping the way IT hardware is designed and purchased. Developers with innovative ideas for new Internet services no longer require the large capital outlay in hardware to deploy their service or the human expense to operate it. They need not be concerned about over provisioning for a service whose popularity does not meet their predictions, thus wasting costly resources, or under provisioning for one that becomes wildly popular, thus missing potential customers and revenue. Moreover, companie with large batch-oriented tasks can get results as quickly as their programs can scale, since using 1000 servers for on hour costs no more than using one server for 1000 hours. This elasticity of resources, without paying a premium fo large scale, is unprecedented in the history of IT. Cloud Computing refers to both the applications delivered as services over the Internet and the hardware and systems software in the datacenters that provide those services. The services themselves have long been referred to a Software as a Service (SaaS). The datacenter hardware and software is what we will call a Cloud. When a Cloud i made available in a pay-as-you-go manner to the general public, we call it a Public Cloud; the service being sold i Utility Computing. We use the term Private Cloud to refer to internal datacenters of a business or other organization not made available to the general public. Thus, Cloud Computing is the sum of SaaS and Utility Computing, but doe not include Private Clouds. People can be users or providers of SaaS, or users or providers of Utility Computing. W focus on SaaS Providers (Cloud Users) and Cloud Providers, which have received less attention than SaaS Users. From a hardware point of view, three aspects are new in Cloud Computing. 1. The illusion of infinite computing resources available on demand, thereby eliminating the need for Cloud Com puting users to plan far ahead for provisioning. 2. The elimination of an up-front commitment by Cloud users, thereby allowing companies to start small and increase hardware resources only when there is an increase in their needs. 3. The ability to pay for use of computing resources on a short-term basis as needed (e.g., processors by the hou and storage by the day) and release them as needed, thereby rewarding conservation by letting machines and storage go when they are no longer useful.