Rails第四版：敏捷Web开发的演进与实践指南

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"《敏捷Web开发与Rails第四版》是一本专为Jared Rosoff准备的beta版书籍，旨在为敏捷开发者提供最新的技术指导。这本书是在Rails框架经历了重大内部重构，许多旧特性被弃用、新特性加入以及Rails生态系统显著扩大的背景下编写的。作者Dave和合著者在编写过程中，注重实用性和最佳实践，尤其是针对Ruby 1.9的支持，尽管有些示例需要调整。书中特别关注对初学者的引导，将Ruby介绍章节提升至第一章，确保新入门者能够快速上手。接着，书中的应用构建指南被更新并优化，专注于当前的最佳实践。然而，由于Rails生态系统的广泛性和变化速度，原书中详尽涵盖整个生态系统的部分不再适用，取而代之的是提供一个整体视角，帮助读者了解如何寻找和选择插件以及相关的工具来满足框架之外的常见需求。值得注意的是，由于本书处于beta阶段，还未经过全面的技术编辑和排版，可能会存在错误、错别字、页面布局问题等。但作者鼓励读者参与这一过程，通过访问Pragprog网站获取更新，以便尽早体验新内容并提供反馈，共同提升书籍质量。尽管书中可能不完美，但作者相信读者会从中找到乐趣，并期待看到基于本书内容创造出的独特应用实例。"

PREFACE TO THE FOUR TH EDITION 16

In short, this book needed to adapt. Once again.

Sam Ruby

April 2010

Report erratum

this copy is (B8.0 printing, September 9, 2010)

Prepared exclusively for Jared Rosoff

RAILS SIMPLY FEELS RIGHT 20

Rails applications are written in Ruby, a modern, object-oriented scripting

language. Ruby is c oncise without being unintelligibly terse—you can express

ideas naturally and cleanly in Ruby code. This leads to pr ogra ms that are easy

to write and (just as important) are easy to read months later.

Rails takes Ruby to the limit, extending it in novel ways that make a pro-

grammer’s life easier. This makes our programs shorter and more readable.

It also allows us to perform tasks that would normally be done in external

conﬁguration ﬁles inside the codebase instead. This makes it far easier to see

what’s happening. The following code deﬁnes the model class for a project.

Don’t worry about the details for now. Instead, just think about how much

information is being expressed in a few lines of code.

class Project < ActiveRecord::Base

belongs_to :portfolio

has_one :project_manager

has_many :milestones

has_many :deliverables, :through => :milestones

validates :name, :description, :presence =>

true

validates :non_disclosure_agreement, :acceptance => true

validates :short_name, :uniqueness => true

end

Two other philosophical underpinnings keep Rails code short and readable:

DRY and convention over conﬁguration. DRY stands for don’t repeat yourself :

every piece of knowledge in a system should be expr essed in just one place.

Rails uses the power of Ruby to bring that to life. You’ll ﬁnd very little duplica-

tion in a Rails application; you say what you need to say in one place—a place

often suggested by the conventions of the MVC architecture—and then move

on. For programmers used to other web frameworks, where a simple change

to the schema could involve them in half a dozen or more code changes, this

was a revelation.

Convention over conﬁguration is crucial, too. It means that Rails has sensi-

ble defaults for just about every aspect of knitting together your application.

Follow the conventions, and you can write a Rails application using less code

than a ty pical Java web application uses in XML conﬁguration. If you need to

override the conventions, Rails makes that easy, too.

Developers coming to Rails found something else, too. Rails isn’t playing catch-

up with the new de facto web standards; it’s helping deﬁne them. And Rails

makes it easy for developers to integrate features such as Ajax and RESTful

interfaces into their code, because support is built in. (And if you’re not famil-

iar with Ajax and REST interfaces, never fear—we’ll explain them later in the

book.)

Report erratum

this copy is (B8.0 printing, September 9, 2010)

Prepared exclusively for Jared Rosoff

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