半导体器件自测题解析:PN结、晶体管与MOS管

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"这篇资料涉及的是模拟电子技术的相关知识,主要涵盖了半导体器件的特性、PN结的工作原理、二极管的整流作用以及晶体管的放大状态。" 在电子技术中,半导体器件扮演着至关重要的角色。N型半导体通过掺杂三价元素(如硼)可以转化为P型半导体,这是因为三价元素会提供多余的空穴,使得半导体中的多数载流子成为空穴。然而,N型半导体并不带负电,它的多子是自由电子,但整体呈电中性。PN结在没有光照和外加电压时,由于势垒的作用,结电流基本为零。对于晶体管,当其处于放大状态时,集电极电流并非由多子漂移运动形成,而是由基极电流控制的发射极到集电极的电流。 在PN结的工作中,当加正向电压时,空间电荷区会变窄,从而允许电流通过;而稳压管则在反向击穿区工作以保持电压稳定。晶体管在放大区时,发射结通常正偏,集电结反偏。对于场效应管,结型管和耗尽型MOS管可以在栅一源电压为零时工作在恒流区,而增强型MOS管则需要栅一源间有负电压形成耗尽层。 二极管在整流电路中的应用被提及,例如在图T1.3所示的电路中,二极管的导通电压为0.7V,通过计算可以得到不同电路的输出电压值。在稳压电路中,如图T1.4,稳压管的稳压值决定了输出电压,当其击穿时,输出电压等于稳压值;未击穿时,输出电压取决于外部电路。 在图T1.5所示的晶体管放大电路中,给定VCC(电源电压)、β(晶体管的电流增益)和UBE(基极-发射极电压),可以通过计算得出输出电压Uo以及临界饱和时的基极电阻Rb。实际计算涉及到基极电流、集电极电流和晶体管的工作状态。 最后,表格T1.6可能列出了MOS管的三个电极(源极、栅极和漏极)的电位测量数据,这些数据可用于分析MOS管的工作模式和电路性能。 这篇资料涵盖了半导体基础、二极管、晶体管、场效应管的工作原理及其在实际电路中的应用,是学习模拟电子技术的重要内容。理解这些知识点对于设计和分析电子电路至关重要。

void file_save(void) { printf("saving"); for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { Sleep(200); printf("."); } Sleep(200); file_first = fopen("File_First.txt", "w"); fprintf(file_first, "%5d", file_number); fclose(file_first); current = head; for (int i = 1; i <= file_number; i++) { sprintf(file_name, "File_%d.txt", i); file_current = fopen(file_name, "w"); if (file_current == NULL) { printf("No file existed\n"); system("pause"); system("cls"); } else { current = current->next; rewind(file_current); fprintf(file_current, "%5d%5d%5d%5d%5d%5d%5d%5d\n", current->name_num, current->title_num, current->iden_num, current->pro_num, current->abi_num,current->race_num, current->item_num, current->soc_num); name_current = current->_name; title_current = current->_title; iden_current = current->_iden; pro_current = current->_pro; abi_current = current->_abi; race_current = current->_race; item_current = current->_item; soc_current = current->_soc; for (int i = 0; i < current->name_num; i++) { name_current = name_current->next; fprintf(file_current,"%s\n", name_current->name); } for (int i = 0; i < current->title_num; i++) { title_current = title_current->next; fprintf(file_current,"%s\n", title_current->title); } for (int i = 0; i < current->iden_num; i++) { iden_current = iden_current->next; fprintf(file_current,"%s\n", iden_current->identity); } for (int i = 0; i < current->pro_num; i++) { pro_current = pro_current->next; fprintf(file_current, "%s\n%d\n", pro_current->profession, pro_current->level); } for (int i = 0; i < current->abi_num; i++) { abi_current = abi_current->next; fprintf(file_current, "%s\n%s\n", abi_current->ability, abi_current->explain); } for (int i = 0; i < current->race_num; i++) { race_current = race_current->next; fprintf(file_current, "%s\n", race_current->race); } for (int i = 0; i < current->item_num; i++) { item_current = item_current->next; fprintf(file_current, "%s\n%s\n%d\n", item_current->item, item_current->explain, item_current->number); } for (int i = 0; i < current->soc_num; i++) { soc_current = soc_current->next; fprintf(file_current, "%s\n%s\n%s\n", soc_current->object, soc_current->relationship, soc_current->explain); } fclose(file_current); } } system("files have been saved\n"); system("pause"); system("cls"); } 为什么最后保存的时候保存顺序有很大差别,假设已经有5个文件,为什么不是从File_1保存到File_5

2023-07-16 上传

sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://zhaosai:3306/mydb --username root --password jqe6b6 --table news --target-dir /user/news --fields-terminated-by “;” --hive-import --hive-table news -m 1出现错误Warning: /opt/programs/sqoop-1.4.7.bin__hadoop-2.6.0/../hbase does not exist! HBase imports will fail. Please set $HBASE_HOME to the root of your HBase installation. Warning: /opt/programs/sqoop-1.4.7.bin__hadoop-2.6.0/../hcatalog does not exist! HCatalog jobs will fail. Please set $HCAT_HOME to the root of your HCatalog installation. Warning: /opt/programs/sqoop-1.4.7.bin__hadoop-2.6.0/../accumulo does not exist! Accumulo imports will fail. Please set $ACCUMULO_HOME to the root of your Accumulo installation. Warning: /opt/programs/sqoop-1.4.7.bin__hadoop-2.6.0/../zookeeper does not exist! Accumulo imports will fail. Please set $ZOOKEEPER_HOME to the root of your Zookeeper installation. 23/06/10 16:18:23 INFO sqoop.Sqoop: Running Sqoop version: 1.4.7 23/06/10 16:18:23 WARN tool.BaseSqoopTool: Setting your password on the command-line is insecure. Consider using -P instead. 23/06/10 16:18:23 INFO manager.MySQLManager: Preparing to use a MySQL streaming resultset. 23/06/10 16:18:23 INFO tool.CodeGenTool: Beginning code generation Sat Jun 10 16:18:23 CST 2023 WARN: Establishing SSL connection without server's identity verification is not recommended. According to MySQL 5.5.45+, 5.6.26+ and 5.7.6+ requirements SSL connection must be established by default if explicit option isn't set. For compliance with existing applications not using SSL the verifyServerCertificate property is set to 'false'. You need either to explicitly disable SSL by setting useSSL=false, or set useSSL=true and provide truststore for server certificate verification. 23/06/10 16:18:24 INFO manager.SqlManager: Executing SQL statement: SELECT t.* FROM news AS t LIMIT 1 23/06/10 16:18:24 INFO manager.SqlManager: Executing SQL statement: SELECT t.* FROM news AS t LIMIT 1 23/06/10 16:18:24 INFO orm.CompilationManager: HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME is /opt/programs/hadoop-2.7.6 注: /tmp/sqoop-root/compile/84ba419f00fa83cb5d16dba722729d01/news.java使用或覆盖了已过时的 API。 注: 有关详细信息, 请使用 -Xlint:deprecation 重新编译。 23/06/10 16:18:25 INFO orm.CompilationManager: Writing jar file: /tmp/sqoop-root/compile/84ba419f00fa83cb5d16dba722729d01/news.jar 23/06/10 16:18:25 WARN manager.MySQLManager: It looks like you are importing from mysql. 23/06/10 16:18:25 WARN manager.MySQLManager: This transfer can be faster! Use the --direct 23/06/10 16:18:25 WARN manager.MySQLManager: option to exercise a MySQL-specific fast path. 23/06/10 16:18:25 INFO manager.MySQLManager: Setting zero DATETIME behavior to convertToNull (mysql) 23/06/10 16:18:25 ERROR tool.ImportTool: Import failed: No primary key could be found for table news. Please specify one with --split-by or perform a sequential import with '-m 1'.

2023-06-11 上传